Browsing by Author "Indrayan, A"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 45
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    11. Statistical relationships and the concept of multiple regression.
    (2001-01-15) Indrayan, A; Satyanarayana, L
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    12. Multiple measurements and their simultaneous consideration.
    (2001-07-21) Indrayan, A; Satyanarayana, L
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    Age regression of blood pressure in an urban population of age 15-59 years.
    (1972-06-01) Indrayan, A; Srivastava, R N; Bagchi, S C
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    Childbirth spacing in a rural community of Delhi: profile in various marriage cohorts by decades.
    (1989-09-01) Sethi, N K; Rao, S S; Aggarwal, O P; Indrayan, A; Chuttani, C S
    Complete retrospective fertility histories of 843 ever married women of two villages in Delhi, obtained through house to house survey, were analysed to study various marriage cohorts by decades for trends of child birth spacing over a period of 60 years from 1921 to 1980. Spacing between consummation of marriage and first child birth gradually declined over the last 6 decades. For all other subsequent livebirths remained constant at an average of nearly 30 months. Irrespective of the reasons for such a trend, much more efforts are required to be put in to increase child spacing.
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    Clinical agreement in quantitative measurements.
    (1994-09-01) Indrayan, A; Chawla, R
    With advances in medical technology, simpler and safer methods for diagnosis and therapy are increasingly replacing the old ones and it has become important that these be correctly assessed. When a measurement by a new method is the same as that using the old method, one frequently encounters the problem of assessing the agreement. Evidence such as a correlation equal to 1 or equality of means is known to be inadequate. However, two recent approaches--limits of agreement and intraclass correlation coefficient--have gained acceptance but each has its own merits and demerits. To help investigators choose a procedure which is appropriate and to help them use it properly, we provide a description of these two approaches and discuss their advantages and disadvantages, both clinical and statistical, using a real example.
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    A comprehensive index for longitudinal monitoring of child health status.
    (1995-04-01) Satyanarayana, L; Indrayan, A; Sachdev, H P; Gupta, S M
    The aim of this study was to develop a single comprehensive index of child mortality for longitudinal assessment of health status of children. The need for such a comprehensive index arose from conflicting trends in different child mortality indicators. The data for the study was taken from the Sample Registration System (SRS) reports of the Registrar General of India. SRS is known to provide reliable estimates of births and deaths at the State and the National level. The study included five child mortality indicators, namely, under five mortality rate (U5MR), infant mortality rate, neonatal mortality rate, perinatal mortality rate and still birth rate. These were available for fifteen states of India over the years 1972-1988. To develop this index we modified an earlier method based on factor analysis. Factor analysis of data on various indicators of child mortality revealed two factors which together explained 78% to 93% of the total variation in different years. The first factor was identified as representing mortality after birth and the second as before and during birth. The comprehensive index was obtained as a linear combination of these two factors. The resultant index thus fairly represented all five mortality indicators and provided a comprehensive and reasonably correct picture of child mortality. The lower the magnitude of this index, the better was the child health status. Trends in the index showed that the highest decline in the magnitude was in the state of Kerala followed by Punjab, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat and Maharashtra in that order. This indicates steady improvement of the child health status over years in these states. In the State of Jammu and Kashmir, the index remained more or less constant over the years though the magnitude was low in the cross-sectional comparison with other states. Thus the comprehensive index developed by using factor analysis of the various mortality indicators can be used for the longitudinal monitoring of child health status in the states of India.
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    Computer based application software for histopathological reporting system.
    (1991-10-01) Bansal, A K; Tickoo, S K; Indrayan, A; Agarwal, S; Sood, S K
    For better follow up of patient and the immediate retrieval of records, we have developed a computer based application software for histopathological reporting system (HIPRIS). With its help, among others, we can (i) retrieve the biopsy report of a patient from the accession number of the specimen; (ii) find out the number of cases for a particular period as well as can analyse cases by any relevant referral parameter like department, specialty and disease and (iii) find out the time gap between receiving the specimen and reporting of result. Our experience suggests that this system greatly improves the efficiency of the histopathological laboratory.
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    Computer based statistical study of cartography in mortality upto age of one year.
    (1993-10-01) Bansal, A K; Indrayan, A
    Present cartography procedures for quantitative indicators are arbitrary on choice of the number of categories in which a particular area is to be divided. The choice of initial cutoff and the choice of the width of each category is also arbitrary. To remove this arbitrariness and thus to introduce objectivity, we propose use of a statistical procedure called cluster analysis. This procedure is easy to use on a computer. We also propose using computer based maps. We use these methods on mortality indicators upto age of one year for major states of India to devise objective maps. The terminology of mortality indicators upto age of one year has been used by UNICEF document(1). The mortality indicators analysed are infant mortality rate, neonatal mortality rate, postneonatal mortality rate, perinatal mortality rate and still birth rate. Different indicators reveal different pictures. In this paper, we also propose an innovation to obtain an integrated picture by simultaneously considering all the four indicators in a multivariate setting. Such mapping could help the health managers and planners to devise more effective strategies to control child mortality.
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    Computer-assisted learning package for frequency distribution of physiological variables.
    (1996-10-01) Bajpai, R; Indrayan, A
    There are a variety of ways of picturing a frequency distribution type, viz, the histogram, the frequency polygon, the smoothed curve and the ogive. We have developed a computer package to demonstrate gradual change of a histogram into a curve. For a given set of data on frequency distribution of, say blood pressure levels in specified categories, this package helps the computer to draw bars which gradually rise to the level of the frequencies, and lateron are replaced by the polygon and finally by the frequency curve of the Gaussian type on the computer screen pixel by pixel. This thus demonstrates the meaning and genesis of frequency curves. This package could be very useful in learning the concept of frequency curves particularly the Gaussian form.
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    Designs of medical studies.
    (1999-07-31) Indrayan, A; Satyanarayana, L
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    Effect of garlic on normal blood cholesterol level.
    (1979-07-01) Bhushan, S; Sharma, S P; Singh, S P; Agrawal, S; Indrayan, A; Seth, P
    The effect of raw garlic on normal blood cholesterol level in males of the age group of 18-35 years was studied. The subjects, who never ingested garlic before, were given 10 g of garlic daily with their diet for two months. Fasting blood samples were investigated in respect of cholesterol before and after two months of garlic intake. Initially the blood cholesterol level ranged between 160-250 mg% which decreased significantly in all the subjects of experimental group after two months of ingestion of garlic. The slight decrease or increase in the blood cholesterol level of control group was not significant. The raw garlic can be advocated for daily ingestion in order to lower one's blood cholesterol level even if it is within normal limits.
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    Effects of oral contraceptives on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
    (1971-11-01) Gupta, S C; Sinha, M; Rajvanshi, V S; Samant, V; Indrayan, A
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    Elements of medical research.
    (2004-03-30) Indrayan, A
    Most medical research is empirical based on evidence rather than hunches or preferences. It follows a series of specific steps. There are no short cuts. Collection of evidence and its analysis should follow a carefully drawn protocol. Most of the modern medical research requires biostatistical tools to reach to a valid and reliable conclusion. Researcher must have an adequate knowledge and skill to be really effective. The endeavours should be consistent with the accepted medical and research ethics. Medical research can provide immense satisfaction when conducted on scientific lines, and can be occasionally frustrating when years of efforts fail to produce expected results. This article focuses on aspects that can increase the credibility of research. It is addressed to all interested in medical research, and seeking answers to questions such as what actually is research, what are its types, what specific steps should be followed, what a research protocol should contain, and what makes research credible etc.
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    An epidemiological study of domestic accidents in the families of army personnel at a peace station.
    (1976-06-01) Luthra, S C; Singh, G; Indrayan, A; Bagchi, S C
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    Epidemiological triad in domestic accidents.
    (1975-09-01) Mittal, B N; Indrayan, A; Sengupta, R K; Bagchi, S C
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    Epidemiology of hypertension.
    (1994-02-01) Indrayan, A
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    Graphical methods to summarize data.
    (2000-01-04) Indrayan, A; Satyanarayana, L
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    Hypothesis testing (Part I).
    (2000-03-03) Indrayan, A; Gupta, P