Browsing by Author "Ibrahim, K."

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    Assessment of Production and Risks of Consumption of Artisanal Refreshing Drinks (Bissap, Gnamankoudji) in Haut Sassandra (Daloa-Côte d'Ivoire)
    (Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-03) Christelle, KABM-A; Clement, KK; Athanase, KK; Ibrahim, K.
    Introduction: The production and consumption of artisanal refreshing drinks (Bissap, Gnamankoudji) in the Haut Sassandra region are anchored in local culture. These artisanal drinks are experiencing considerable growth despite their artisanal and unstable production. Objective: The objective of this study is to diagnose the production of these artisanal drinks and to assess the potential risks associated with their consumption in the Haut Sassandra region. Methodology: A cross-sectional and retrospective survey was carried out with producers to make the diagnosis and with consumers to identify some main conditions linked to the consumption of these drinks. 52 producers were investigated, and 780 consumers were submitted to a questionnaire, for a total of 832 people audited. Results: Bissap and Gnamankoudji have many similar unit operations. In addition, Bissap undergoes heat treatment. The drinks are mostly packaged in used pots. The main conditions encountered were diarrhea (8.3% and 8.7%), belly bloating (2.4% and 2.8%), fever (1.80% and 2.30%), nausea (1.80% and 1.90%), vomiting (0.90% and 1%) respectively after consumption of Gnamankoudji and Bissap. Conclusion: The study collected data on the production of artisanal drinks and the risks incurred by consumers. The consumption of these drinks represents a major risk for public health.
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    Isolation and Identification of Fungal Strains from Fresh and Smoked Fish from the Sassandra River in Côte d’Ivoire
    (Sciencedomain International, 2023-06) Isaac, F. F. S.; Ibourahema, C.; Athanase, K. K.; Clément, K. K.; Ibrahim, K.
    Introduction: Fresh and smoked fish are widely consumed in Côte d'Ivoire as everywhere in West Africa. However, these foodstuffs, due to certain processing conditions, are likely to be contaminated by molds that produce dangerous mycotoxins. Objective: This study aimed to isolate and identify fungal strains contaminating fresh and smoked fish from the Sassandra River in Côte d'Ivoire. Place and Date of the Study: Sampling was carried out in various processing sites around the Sassandra River, particularly in the towns of Soubré and Guessabo. The microbiological analysis was carried out at Jean Lorougnon Guédé University in Daloa (Ivory Coast). Methods: A total of 108 samples of fresh and smoked fish were collected. Isolation and purification of fungal strains were carried out on Sabouraud medium with chloramphenicol. The identification of isolated strains was made on the basis of morphological and cultural criteria. Results: A total of 126 fungal strains were isolated, including 87 from the Guessabo samples and 39 from the Soubré samples from 54 fresh fish and 54 smoked fish. The predominant species were Aspergillus of the Glaucus group (39%), Aspergillus niger (36%) and Penicillium sp. (25%). Conclusion: This study shows that fresh and smoked fish from the Sassandra River in Côte d'Ivoire are contaminated by several strains of molds, some of which produce mycotoxins that can cause illness in consumers depending on their concentrations. It would therefore be appropriate to improve processing techniques.
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    Microbial Contamination and Hygiene Risks in Street-Sold Bissap Juice: A Case Study in Daloa, Côte d'Ivoire
    (Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2024-03) Christelle, KABM-A; Clement, KK; Athanase, KK; Ibrahim, K.
    Ready-to-eat Bissap juice is often classified in the street food group. The unhygienic conditions in which Bissap juice is prepared pose risks, sometimes leading to microbial contamination. The general objective of this work is to evaluate the diversity of pathogenic microorganisms in Bissap juices sold in the city of Daloa. To achieve this objective, a consumption survey was carried out. Counts and isolations were carried out to assess the microbiological quality of juices sold in the streets. Physicochemical parameters were determined. These are Brix and pH. Salmonella was screened for in the juices sold using the NF-V08-52 standard. The survey revealed that women consume more Bissap juice sold in the streets than men with a rate of 52% respectively compared to a rate of 48%. The Mandé represent half of the consumers with 50%, followed by the Akan with a rate of 30%, the Krou with a rate of 14.70%. Young people aged between 20 and 30 consume more Bissap juice with a rate of 47.30%. Consumers of Bissap juice come from various professions. Consumers have experienced discomfort characterized by diarrhea, vomiting, fever and stomach bloating. Microbiological analysis revealed the presence of microbial flora of alteration and contamination. These are total flora, fungal flora and enterobacteria. There was also the presence of flora of fecal origin such as Thermotolerants coliforms. The Bissap juice samples analyzed does not contain potentially pathogenic bacterial species. The results regarding Mesophilic Aerobic Germs, fungal flora, enterobacteria, fecal coliforms are not satisfactory. The pH of the different juices is very acidic, ranging from 4.41 ± 0.18 to 2.18 ± 0.03. Also some of the juice samples analyzed have very high sugar levels (34.83 ± 0,28) Bissap juices sold in the streets represent a danger for the population of Daloa.