Browsing by Author "Hussain, Zahid"

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    Eurycoma longifolia, a promising suppressor of RANKL-induced differentiation and activation of osteoclasts: An in vitro mechanistic evaluation
    (Elsevier, 2019-04) Thu, Hnin Ei; Hussain, Zahid; Mohamed, Isa Naina; Shuid, Ahmad Nazrun
    Background: Eurycoma longifolia (E. longifolia) has gained remarkable recognition due to its promisingefficacy of stimulating bone formation in androgen-deficient osteoporosis. Numerous in vivo studies haveexplored the effects of E. longifolia on osteoporosis; however, the in vitro cellular mechanism was notdiscovered yet.Objectives: The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of E. longifolia on the proliferation,differentiation and maturation of osteoclasts and the translational mechanism of inhibition of osteoclastogenesis using RAW 264.7 cells as an in vitro osteoclastic model.Materials and methods: Having assessed cytotoxicity, the cell viability, cell proliferation rate and osteoclastic differentiation capacity of E. longifolia was investigated by evaluating the tartrate-resistant acidphosphatase (TRAP) activity in receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) ligand (RANKL)-inducedosteoclasts. Taken together, the time-mannered expression of osteoclast-related protein biomarkers suchas matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9), cathepsin-K, TRAP, nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic1 (NFATc1), superoxide (free radicals) generation and superoxide dismutase activity were also measuredto comprehend the mechanism of osteoclastogenesis.Results: E. longifolia did not show significant effects on cytotoxicity and cell proliferation of RAW 264.7cells; however, a significant inhibition of cells differentiation and maturation of osteoclasts was observed.Moreover, a significant down-regulation of RANKL-induced TRAP activity and expression of MMP-9,cathepsin-K, TRAP, NFATc1 and generation of superoxide and enhanced superoxide dismutase activitywas observed in E. longifolia treated cell cultures.Conclusion: We anticipated that E. longifolia that enhances bone regeneration on the one hand andsuppresses osteoclast’s maturation on the other hand may have great therapeutic value in treatingosteoporosis and other bone-erosive diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and metastasis associatedwith bone loss.© 2017 Transdisciplinary University, Bangalore and World Ayurveda Foundation. Publishing Services byElsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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    TQM Practices and their Effect on Non-financial Performance: An Empirical Study of Pakistani Hospitals
    (Sumathi Publications, 2019-04) Maqsood, Muhammad Bilal; Saeed, Tahir; Ramzan, Muhammad; Maroof, Muhammad; Hussain, Zahid; Al Arab, Mohammad
    Introduction: There has been a vigorous change in the healthcare sector with increased patient expectations, technological advancements, and growing competition in the healthcare market. Therefore hospitals have to shift from traditional management approach to more diverse aspects like TQM practices and effective quality management system to augment the performance level. Relationship between TQM practices and performance is multipronged and widely discussed in the literature. Aim: Main purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of TQM practices on nonfinancial performance elements of performance in different quality management system settings. Methods: This study used an empirical approach to identify and explain the TQM practices and non-financial performance relationship. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 5 hospitals from different regions with either Joint Commissioned International (JCI) or ISO 9001 based quality management system. Data were collected from 150 hospital managers between October 2018 and February 2019. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS 20 version. Results: Finding of the study support that TQM practices have a statistically significant and positive relationship with non-financial performance (p<0.05). Result of multiple linear regression analysis shows that TQM practices are a strong predictor of non-financial performance (Beta=0.793, t=15.837, R2=0.629, and p=0.000) and explain 63% variation in the model. TQM practices demonstrate higher overall and individual mean values for JCI accredited hospitals. T-test shows that there is a significant difference (p<0.05) in TQM practices between JCI and ISO-based quality management system. Conclusion: It can be inferred from this study that TQM practices have a leading role in the improvement of the non-financial performance of hospitals. Hospital managers at a different level can achieve improved results with effective implementation of identified TQM practices. TQM practices significantly contribute towards individual dimensions as well as an overall improvement in non-financial performance.