Browsing by Author "Gupta, A."
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Item Assessment of alcohol use and its associated factors among adults residing at Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka, India(Medip Academy, 2024-05) Gupta, A.; Hameed, S.Background: Alcohol consumption was accepted social practice since ancient times. Presently, alcohol consumption is pervasive and has been consistently increasing throughout the world. Alcohol consumption is considered as world’s third largest risk factor for the occurrence of disease and disability. The objective of the study was to assess the burden of alcohol use and the factors associated for the alcohol consumption among adults residing at Dakshina Kannada district. Methods: This community based cross sectional study was conducted among adults aged more than 18 years in Dakshina Kannada district to assess the burden and correlates of alcohol consumption. A total of 355 participants were selected randomly and data was collected by using pretested questionnaire which includes sociodemographic details, alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) questionnaire and associated factors. Data was analyzed by using SPSS software and the statistical significance level was fixed at p<0.05. Results: The prevalence of alcohol use was 30.7%, and it was higher among males (37.1%) compared to females (8.8%). Even the alcohol use was higher among those participants, who were employed, tobacco users and was having any existing disease. As per AUDIT risk level, maximum (49.5%) alcohol users belonged to low risk (zone I) with AUDIT score less than 8. Conclusions: The burden of alcohol consumption among adults in Dakshina Kannada district is nearly one -third of the population, which is quite high. The highest prevalence was found among males and tobacco users.Item A case report on primigravida with myasthenia gravis: outcome of pregnancy(Medip Academy, 2023-08) Sarita; Gupta, A.Primigravida refers to a woman who is pregnant for the first time. It is a unique experience for the woman. Usually, any minor alignment during this time will lead to anxiety. The prevalence rate of myasthenia gravis in pregnancy is 1 in 20,000. The main reason behind the cause of the disease is improper secretion of acetylcholine, huge secretion of cholinesterase, and non-responsive muscle fibers. The purpose of this case study is to introduce the outcome of pregnancy with myasthenia gravis. This case was taken at X private hospital. A 27-year-old primigravida woman with 38 weeks of pregnancy was the first known case of myasthenia gravis. She was diagnosed with myasthenia gravis thymic hyperplasia in November 2020. The patient is then managed with a surgical procedure, i.e., thymectomy, on 18 September 2021. The patient was receiving distinon (pyridostigmine) 60 mg. It requires the intraoperative collaboration of the neurology and obstetrics departments in managing myasthenia gravis during pregnancy. A successful elective caesarean section was done on the patient's request under spinal anaesthesia on 13 April 2023. The male newborn, with a birth weight of 2.825 gm was delivered. The newborn was transferred to the NICU for further surveillance and did not show any sign of muscular weakness. The baby was healthy at the time of discharge.Item Causal ambiguity: deciphering the etiology of secondary thrombotic microangiopathy with systemic lupus erythematosus and vivax malaria(Medip Academy, 2023-10) Soni, J. R.; Garg, A.; Aggarwal, P.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, P.Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) falls under the spectrum of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and thrombi in small vessels leading to end-organ damage. It's classified into typical HUS (caused by Shiga toxin-producing E. coli), atypical HUS (due to uncontrolled complement activation), and secondary HUS (sHUS) linked with coexisting conditions. We present a compelling case of a 21-year-old female with fever, jaundice, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and oliguric acute kidney injury (AKI), ultimately diagnosed with Plasmodium vivax malaria. Despite adequate antimalarial therapy, the patient's clinical trajectory remained intricate, characterized by sustained hematological abnormalities and renal dysfunction. A comprehensive assessment revealed Coombs-negative hemolytic anemia. Subsequently, a renal biopsy confirmed TMA. Considering the rarity of vivax malaria causing TMA, an autoimmune workup was conducted, suggesting systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Systemic autoimmune disease-associated HUS (SAID-HUS) is a rare entity that exhibits diverse clinical presentations, with SLE being best-described etiology in literature. SLE-associated HUS was considered and was managed with steroids and hydroxychloroquine resulting in significant renal and hematological improvement. This report underscores significance of assessing autoimmune factors in case of secondary TMA, while also shedding light on evolving understanding of vivax malaria's potential relationship with TMA.Item Central nervous system manifestations in HIV: magnetic resonance imaging pictorial review(Medip Academy, 2023-08) Gupta, L.; Gupta, A.Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a member of the Retroviridae (retrovirus) family. It is associated with immunodeficiency, neurological diseases and neoplasms. With the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART), the prognosis of people who are infected with HIV has improved, and the incidence of HIV-related central nervous system (CNS) diseases has markedly decreased. In spite of that the mortality from HIV-related CNS diseases remains significant. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has improved the perspective for people with HIV with the help of early diagnosis and prompt treatment. There are various conditions which come under the spectrum of CNS manifestations of HIV for e.g., HIV encephalopathy, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), HIV-related primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL), CNS toxoplasmosis, other diseases caused by opportunistic infections like CNS cryptococcosis, CNS tuberculosis and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). Each condition shows certain specific MRI features which aid in diagnosis. Although, distinguishing between HIV-related CNS diseases based on imaging alone is sometimes difficult, in this review, we discuss the spectrum and imaging features that can contribute to their early differentiation.Item Clinical and angiographic profiles and six months outcomes of smokers with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary angioplasty(Cardiological Society of India, 2018-09) Gupta, A.; Verma, S.K.; Sharma, R.; Parakh, N.; Ramakrishnan, S.; Roy, A.; Singh, S.; Sharma, G.; Karthikeyan, G.; Naik, N.; Yadav, R.; Mishra, S.; Seth, S.; Narang, R.; Goswami, K.C.; Bhargava, B.; Bahl, V.K.Background Outcomes of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute STEMI (ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction) in smokers are expected to be better than non-smokers as for patients of acute STEMI with or without fibrinolytic therapy. Objectives This comparative study was designed to evaluate the outcomes of primary PCI in patients with acute STEMI in smokers and non-smokers. Clinical and angiographic profile of the two groups was also compared. Methods Over duration of two year, a total of 150 consecutive patients of acute STEMI eligible for primary PCI were enrolled and constituted the two groups [Smokers (n = 90), Non-smokers (n = 60)] of the study population. There was no difference in procedure in two groups. Results In the present study of acute STEMI, current smokers were about a decade younger than non-smokers (p value = 0.0002), majority were male (98.9% vs 56.6%) were male with a higher prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus (61.67% vs 32.28% and 46.67% vs 14.44%, p = 0.001) respectively. Smokers tended to have higher thrombus burden (p = 0.06) but less multi vessel disease (p = 0.028). Thirty day and six month mortality was non-significantly higher in smokers 4.66% vs 1.33% (p = 0.261) and 5.33% vs 2.66% (p = NS) respectively. Rate of quitting smoking among smokers was 80.90% at 6 months. Conclusion The study documents that smokers with acute STEMI have similar outcomes as compared to non smokers with higher thrombus burden and lesser non culprit artery involvement. Smokers present at much younger age emphasizing the role of smoking cessation for prevention of myocardial infarction.Item Correlation of cholesterol ratios and conventional isolated lipid parameters as cardiovascular risk markers to anthropometric and hemodynamic variables in healthy overweight/obese subjects(Mrs Dipika Charan of MedScience (India) Publications, 2022-12) Kanawjia, P; Srivastava, C; Gupta, A.Background: Isolated lipid derangements are no longer considered as an ideal tool to predict cardiovascular (CV) morbidity. Hence, novel parameters, that is, lipid ratios are being resorted to label CV risk. However, which of the ratios stand out as the most specific, sensitive, and earliest predictor in individual cases is still to be elucidated. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to study correlation of cholesterol ratios and conventional isolated lipid parameters as CV risk markers to anthropometric and hemodynamic variables in healthy overweight/obese subjects. Materials and Methods: This was an analytical, observational, and pilot study enrolling 30 overweight/obese subjects as cases and 30 non-obese subjects as controls segregated on basis of body mass index (BMI) and WHR. All subjects with secondary cause of abnormal blood flow were excluded from the study. Blood pressure measurement and venous blood sampling for serum glucose and fasting lipid parameters were duly done. Results: Of all the isolated lipid values and the three lipid ratios (Total Chl a [T. Chl]/high density lipoprotein [HDL], low-density lipoprotein [LDL]/HDL, triglyceride [TG]/HDL), the two groups differing significantly only in T. Chl/HDL ratio which, in turn, significantly strongly positively correlated to both LDL/HDL and TG/HDL ratio ([r = 0.684, P = 0.000] [r = 0.433, P = 0.001]), respectively. All the physical hemodynamic parameters (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse pressure) were significantly different in both groups but none of them correlated with the lipid parameters. Of the two (waist hip ratio and BMI) anthropometric measures, only BMI had significant positive moderate strength correlation to lipid parameters and ratios. Conclusion: T. Chl/HDL ratio seems to be the ideal lipid marker in early prediction of CV disease in apparently healthy obese subjects. Lipid derangements in apparently healthy mild-to-moderate grade obese subjects may not universally present with hemodynamic derangements.Item Correlation of serum ferritin, LDH, CRP with chest findings- CT severity index in COVID-19 patients(Medip Academy, 2023-10) Bansal, A.; Gupta, A.; Lachyan, A.; Choudhary, D.; Sharma, R.; Dhania, S.; Bansal, A.Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by a highly infectious virus primarily transmitted from person to person. The initial clinical manifestations of the condition are non-specific, characterized by the presence of fever and cough. These symptoms may resolve independently or escalate to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiple organ failure, and ultimately, mortality. Methods: The research was conducted at Moolchand Khairatiram Hospital in the COVID-19 wards and ICU in New Delhi. The blood samples were collected and then analyzed to evaluate the following parameters: C-reactive protein (CRP), serum ferritin, and LDH are the three biomarkers of interest. The statistical significance threshold was established at a p value of less than 0.05. Results: The study included 200 patients, 49% of whom were male and 51% of whom were female. A link was discovered between the outcome and the CT severity index. Patients who had a CT severity index of 21-25 died at the highest rate. The CT severity index and ferritin were found to have a significant relationship, with patients with elevated ferritin levels reporting the highest CT severity index scores. Conclusions: A statistically significant association was observed between the CT severity index and the outcome, with the highest mortality rate observed in patients who had a CT severity index of 21-25. The parameters above are crucial in assessing the condition and predicting the outcome of individuals afflicted with COVID-19.Item Determination of the bioavailability and biodistribution of a single dose of oral cholecalciferol/Calcirol® soft gelatin capsule by pharmacoscintigraphy- CalSci study(Medip Academy, 2023-08) Sahay, R.; Saresa, H.; Changani, M.; Kotadia, R.; Soni, A.; Patel, P.; Khanna, K.; Kumar, N.; Gupta, A.Background: It is required to study the bioavailability and biodistribution of specific cholecalciferol formulation before prescribing. Pharmacoscintigraphy is an established radiological-imaging technique that is used to map various drug formulations as they traverses the human body (biodistribution) in real-time. We evaluated the bioavailability and biodistribution pattern, transit time, and gastrointestinal clearance of a single dose of Calcirol® soft gelatin capsule 60,000 IU [an oral cholecalciferol (vitamin D) formulation] using pharmacoscintigraphy. Methods: Six male healthy adult volunteers were administered a single oral dose of Calcirol® soft gelatin capsule labelled with technetium-99m. Post-dosing, serial venous blood samples were collected till day 27 for the estimation of the plasma levels of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol levels. Different pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Sequential static gamma imaging was performed to evaluate the biodistribution of Calcirol® soft gelatin capsule. Descriptive statistics was used. Various pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from the concentration-time curves. Statistical analysis was carried out using Student’s t-test. Suitable multivariate analysis was performed based on the distribution of data. All statistical analyses were performed using SAS® Software (v 9.4). Results: The overall absorption of Calcirol® soft gelatin capsule was 93.23%, which was fully from the small intestine. It led to achieving a sufficient level of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (>60 ng/ml) within 6 hours of oral intake. The levels of plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol increased (maximum around 6 and 18 days, respectively). The small intestinal residence time was around 16 hours. No adverse event was noted. Conclusions: This was the first pharmacoscintigraphy study in the world which demonstrated the favourable bio-distribution of the Calcirol softgels supporting its role in vitamin D supplementation.Item Drug utilization study of urinary tract infections in obstetrics and gynecology department(Medip Academy, 2023-06) Gupta, A.; Agarwal, C.; Bhatti, K.; Agarwal, A.; Tayal, RBackground: The aim of study was to determine the utilization pattern of antimicrobial agents in obstetrics and gynaecology department. Antimicrobial agents are one of the most commonly used drugs word wide and has main contribution in human health system. UTI infection is one of the most widespread bacterial infections of genitourinary tract which can be treated by AMAs. The main aim of this study is; to identify the pattern of drug utilisation of antimicrobials in prescriptions, to analyse the utilisation of different classes of drugs and to identify the outcome of the treatment. Methods: This prospective, observational and analytical study was conducted in patients of obstetrics and gynaecology department of MMIMSR, Mullana after obtaining approval from institutional ethical committee. Demographic data, medical history, prescribed treatment details (drug name, dose, frequency, dosage form etc) and diagnosis, type of UTI, laboratory investigations and outcome of treatment was evaluated. Results: A total 242 female patients were registered, out of which 200 were included in the study as 42 were dropouts. Majority of female patients were belonging to the age group of 18-37 (63%). Most of the female patients had uncomplicated UTI 188 (94%) (p value=0.35), 186 (93%) had significant pyuria and 64 (32%) had urine culture positive (p value= 0.01). Burning micturation and frequency were the most common symptoms observed in 146 (73%). In the study 67(33.5%) females were pregnant and 133 (66.5%) were non pregnant (p value= 0.01). Out of 200 patients 64 (32%) had positive urine cultures and 136 (68%) had negative urine culture reports. E. coli 28 (14%) was the most common bacteria isolated followed by Klebsiella 16 (8%). Average number of drugs prescribed per prescription to non-pregnant was 3.97 and to pregnant were 4.67. In majority of prescriptions, the drugs were prescribed by oral routes (51%) and most of the drugs prescribed were generic (57%). Most of the patients (93%) were recovered from UTIs in 5-7 days of treatment. Conclusions: Our study concluded that the uses of AMAs for UTI were found to be rational and according to the causative organism and susceptibility pattern.Item Efficacy and safety of dexlansoprazole: a comprehensive review(Medip Academy, 2023-12) Chaubal, C. C.; Lawate, P.; Chaudhury, S.; Gupta, A.; Shankar, B. R.; Pal, S.; S., S. K. G.; Patil, D.Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) remains prevalent in medical practice. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the primary treatment, yet limitations exist. Dexlansoprazole modified release (MR), an R-enantiomer of lansoprazole, offers high efficacy. Its dual release in the duodenum and small intestine yields two peak concentrations at different times (2- and 5-hours post-administration), ensuring the longest maintenance of drug concentration and proton pump inhibitory effect among all PPIs. Dexlansoprazole MR effectively heals erosive esophagitis, maintains healed esophageal mucosa, and controls NERD symptoms. It also improves nocturnal heartburn, GERD-related sleep disturbances, and bothersome regurgitation. Importantly, it maintains good plasma concentration regardless of food intake, enabling flexible dosing. Furthermore, it does not significantly affect clopidogrel metabolism or platelet inhibition, eliminating the need for dose adjustments when co-prescribed. This review highlights dexlansoprazole's unique attributes, pharmacokinetics, advantages, and safety in comparison to traditional PPIs.Item Knowledge, attitudes and practice among healthcare workers towards COVID-19 in a tertiary care centre in north India(Medip Academy, 2023-12) Mahajan, N.; Saroch, N.; Sharma, P.; Gupta, A.Background: Coronavirus disease pandemic has affected the entire world and till date, there is no definitive cure for it with prevention of infection and knowledge about the disease being the only proven effective methods to contain it. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are highly susceptible to getting infected and their knowledge about COVID-19 infection has been known to be inversely proportional to the rates of COVID-19 infection. Methods: Cross-sectional questionnaire-based study assessing knowledge, attitude and practices towards COVID-19 preventive measures was carried out amongst HCWs at a tertiary care hospital in North India. Results: Around 95% of HCWs had received training regarding COVID-19 infection and more than 95% HCWs had adequate knowledge about COVID-19 infection. More than 95% HCWs experienced anxiety and fear while monitoring and treating COVID-19 patients. 85% HCWs felt that there is sufficient awareness in the society regarding COVID-19 infection. Most of the respondents followed correct practices for avoidance of COVID-19 infection with around 90% respondents using face masks and practicing frequent hand washing. Social distancing and avoidance of large gatherings was practiced by around 95% respondents. More than 95% respondents had either taken COVID-19 vaccine or wish to take it. Conclusions: The study suggested that the majority of HCWs had good knowledge and positive attitude toward COVID-19 but there are still some lacunae present in the knowledge regarding prevention of COVID 19 infection. Further education and training are required for HCWs so as to fight COVID and prevent its spread in a better way.Item Leech infestation: Our experience at Government Medical College, Rajouri(Mrs Dipika Charan of MedScience (India) Publications, 2022-11) Khan, MA; Gadgotra, P; Gupta, V; Gupta, A.Leech invasion into a bodily cavity or orifice is known as hirudiniasis. This article’s objective is to explain an uncommon cause of epistaxis brought on by a leech infestation in the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, or oropharynx in the hilly Rajouri district of Jammu and Kashmir, as well as how to manage it. This retrospective case series consisted of seven cases. All the cases present with unilateral epistaxis. Anterior rhinoscopy with or without endoscope reveal smooth, grayish-black mobile leech inside nasal cavity, nasopharynx, or oropharynx which was removed by suction or forcep.Item Marking the Micro Details in Potentially Malignant Disorders of Oral Cavity(People’s University, Bhopal., 2023-06) Rathore, A; Kumar, A; Siddique, MAB; Mehrotra, R; Choudhary, DS; Gupta, A.Background- The malignancy of the oral cavity constitutes the most important group of malignancies in South and Southeast Asia.The risk increases with the use of tobacco products. Materials & Methods- Micronuclei frequency scoring was used as a biomarker to identify different potentially malignant disorders. Results- Mean micronuclei index was found higher using Hematoxylin and Eosin stain than Papanicolaou's stainand May Grunwald's stain. Conclusion- We concluded that the micronuclei frequencies in oral exfoliated epithelial cells using three different stains- Hematoxylin and Eosin stain, Papanicolaou's stain, May Grunwald's stain may be useful in predicting the malignant potential of premalignant lesions.Item Maternal health disparities in district Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh: a time series analysis using health management information system records(Medip Academy, 2023-10) Gupta, A.; Raj, U.This study focused on investigating the status of maternal health in Jhansi District, Uttar Pradesh, India. A comprehensive analysis of data obtained from the health management information system (HMIS) spanning the period from 2010 to 2020. The findings of this study indicate notable fluctuations in the percentage of first-trimester ANC registrations, accompanied by an overall improvement in compliance with the recommended number of ANC checkups. In addition, the study identifies a growing inclination towards institutional deliveries and increased utilization of cesarean section (C-section) procedures. This study emphasizes the urgent and continued implementation of measures to enhance timely access to ANC services and to ensure the presence of skilled birth attendants during all childbirths. These insights are of substantial significance to policymakers and healthcare providers in their efforts to advance maternal healthcare services, diminish maternal mortality rates, and enhance women’s overall well-being in Jhansi District, Uttar Pradesh, India. The study recommends reinforcing ANC services, promoting collaborative initiatives to improve maternal health outcomes, and establishing clear guidelines and regular quality audits to ensure the appropriate utilization of C-sections.Item Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte ratio as markers of early sepsis and mortality in pediatric burns: a prospective evaluation(Medip Academy, 2023-07) Aggarwal, N.; Karki, D.; Gaind, R.; Muthukumar, V.; Matlani, M.; Gupta, A.; Karki, D.Background: Delay in the diagnosis of sepsis in pediatric burns results in advertently high mortality and morbidity. Our study aimed at evaluating the role of two upcoming biomarkers- neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR)- as predictors of early sepsis and mortality in this group of patients. Methods: This was a prospective study conducted at a tertiary care burn centre of northern India over 18 months. 90 pediatric burn cases, aged 1-16 years, presenting within 24 hours of burns, with >10% body surface area of thermal burns/scalds were included in the study. Cell counts were measured on day 1, 3, 5 and 7 of burns. Patients were followed up till discharge, 30th post burn day or death, whichever was earlier. Results: Sepsis was clinically present in 49 cases out of 90 (54.44%) with 30% median total body surface area (TBSA) of burns. Mortality was seen in 31cases out of 90 (34.44%) with 35% median TBSA burns. Higher PLR levels were seen in the sepsis group. NLR and PLR were also elevated in the survival group. Both parameters were found to be reliable markers of sepsis as well as mortality, particularly on days 5 and 7, in this cohort of patients. Conclusions: Indices like NLR and PLR, which can easily be derived from complete blood count, have potential utility as determinants of both sepsis and mortality in children afflicted with thermal injuries.Item Postural assessment of children with spastic cerebral palsy: a cross-sectional study(Medip Academy, 2023-10) Gupta, A.; Sen, S.; Bajpai, R.Background: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) exhibit gait difficulties, posture alignment issues when standing, and issues with body orientation in space as a result of both primary and secondary CP deficits. The purpose of this study was to analyze the posture of children with spastic diplegic CP. Methods: The 17 subjects of age group 3-10 years with GMFCS scale I-II of CP were taken in the study and compared with age matched control group of 17 typical development (TD) children. The postural assessment was carried out using the photographic method. Angles like the head angle, angle of hip joint, angle of ankle joint were calculated with the help of Matlab script. Results: The Pearson's correlation was utilised to examine the relationship between various postural angles in the CP group while the t-test was used to analyse differences between the two groups. The two groups were found to differ in every measure but horizontal alignment of acromion (HAAC), angle of hip (AH), angle of knee (AK), angle of ankle (AA), scapular alignment right and left (SAR) (SAL) were significantly different in CP group rather than TD group (p<0.01) and postural angles were found to be significantly correlated in CP group (p<0.01). Conclusions: The postural angles in children with spastic CP are deviated from the normal angle. Correct analysis of posture gives us a tool to identify the altered biomechanics and further design an intervention program which will address the mal-aligned structures.Item Quality of life of occupants of old age homes of a northern Indian province(Medip Academy, 2023-11) Kumar, S.; Gupta, A.; Mazta, S. R.; Sharma, D.; Chamotra, S.; Chaudhary, A.Background: Although a physiological phenomenon, ageing has enormous bearing on all the dimensions of health. Against age-old tradition, India is also witnessing a rapid increase in nuclearization of families. Increase in old age homes (OAHs) has been proportional to rising number of admissions in such institutions. In order to understand the phenomenon in a holistic way, the present study evaluated the quality of life of occupants such facilities in state of Himachal Pradesh. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to capture quality of life among the occupants of all seven OAHs of the State. Data was collected using World Health Organisation quality of life-Bref (WHOQOL-Bref) instrument consisting of four domains, individual domain and overall scores were compiled; and analysed using appropriate statistical techniques. Results: The mean WHOQOL-BREF score for a total of 145 study participants was 46.6±3 with highest score for environmental domain (49.1±4.7) and least for physical domain (44.0±5.2). Significant higher overall quality of life score was observed for comparatively younger participants, males, more educated individuals, those having a companion prior to the settlement, those having more satisfaction with facilities and lesser morbidities. Conclusions: Considering increasing elderly population proportion, there is a need for increase in number of facilities with standardized infrastructure, staff and facilities; so that quality of life can be maintained and sustained. Being a vulnerable and deprived section of the society, it is imperative that such individuals live out the final stage of their life with quality, dignity and much neglected self-respect.Item Relationship between automatic thoughts and mindfulness in patients with dual diagnosis: a correlational study(Medip Academy, 2023-02) Kumar, S.; Malik, D.; Gupta, A.Background: Mental disorders are one of the leading causes of non-fatal disease burden and being experienced by population at large. To overcome the mental health issues like stress, depression, people experience of drug used. Using a substance and co-morbid with any type of illness exaggerate the overall health and using these known as dual diagnosis which pose a significant challenge for the professionals, stakeholders and family. The present study has been taken up to find out the relationship of automatic though and dispositional mindfulness amongst patients with dual diagnosis. Methods: A descriptive correlational study design was taken up for the present study, in which 150 male patients with dual diagnosis were selected and interviewed individually after ethical procedures, using Personal information schedule and Automatic thought questionnaire Scale, and Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire. Results: A total 150 patients were taken in this study. The majority (55%) were between the ages of 20 and 30, married (62%). Descriptive statistics and Pearson Correlation Coefficient were used to see the relationship among variables. The study showed a negative significant correlation of automatic thought and mindfulness at 0.01 level among patients with dual diagnosis. It also suggests a vicious cycle of negative thoughts and mindfulness in such patients. Conclusions: It was concluded that the automatic thoughts are negatively correlated with mindfulness. The current findings may help health professionals in providing better management to patients with dual diagnosis.Item The role of color Doppler and multidetector CT angiography in evaluation of peripheral arterial diseases of lower limb(Medip Academy, 2024-06) Gupta, A.; Khanduri, S.; Rohit; Khan, Z.; Chugh, A.; Yasrab, N.; Kumar Yadav, A.; Abdullah, S.; Ansari, S.; Ahmad, M.Background: Characterized by atheromatous narrowing and hardening of arteries supplying blood to the legs and feet. Diabetes, along with other risk factors such as hypertension and smoking, exacerbates the prevalence and severity of PAD, leading to decreased blood flow and subsequent tissue injury. The prevalence of PAD in diabetics rises with age, underscoring the importance of early detection and management strategies. Methods: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of color Doppler and MDCT Angiography in assessing lower limb peripheral arterial diseases. Conducted over twenty-four months, the cross-sectional study involved clinically suspected symptomatic cases aged 30 years and above, presenting at a tertiary care center. Patients underwent thorough clinical examination and demographic assessment before undergoing Color Doppler flowmetric studies and MDCT angiography. Results: Results revealed that color Doppler, with its ability to measure wall thickness and vascular flow, demonstrated promising diagnostic efficacy compared to MDCT angiography. Additionally, follow-up records of patients undergoing medical or surgical interventions provided valuable insights into the practical utility of these imaging modalities in guiding clinical management decisions. Conclusions: Overall, this study underscores the importance of non-invasive imaging techniques in diagnosing and evaluating the progression of peripheral arterial diseases. It suggests that Color Doppler Ultrasound, with its accessibility, low cost, and radiation-free nature, could serve as a suitable alternative to MDCT Angiography for assessing arterial characteristics in patients with PAD.Item Socio-demographic and behavioural profile of HIV positive patients visiting ICTC at a tertiary care hospital in North India(Medip Academy, 2024-07) Gupta, A.; Das, A.; Agarwal, J.Background: Fast track approach is being followed by UNAIDS in order to achieve the aim of ending AIDS epidemic by 2030. It is important to keep a check on new infections and gather information about the HIV trends of the new cases. This study was planned to analyze the socio-demographic details, associated high risk behaviours and common routes of transmission of new cases. Methods: Data of new HIV positive patients coming to the ICTC centre during the study period was collected. The HIV positive patients were counselled by the counsellor after taking informed consent. The socio demographic details of the patients were shared by the counsellor. Results: Total 92 HIV positive patients were enrolled. Out of 92, 64 were males and 28 were females. Out of 92, 12 were illiterate. Most common route of transmission was found to be heterosexual route followed by blood transfusion. Of 92 patients, 36 were direct walk in clients and 56 were referred to ICTC. Most common high risk behaviour amongst HIV positive people is unsafe sexual practice with non-regular/casual partners, and homemakers are mostly secondarily infected from their reactive spouses. Conclusions: The most common high-risk behaviour (HRB) amongst HIV positive people is unsafe sexual practice with non-regular/casual partners, and innocent homemakers are mostly secondarily infected from their reactive spouses. Thus, there is a need to further spread awareness amongst women about the HRB and risk of HIV. Sharing of results between partners needs to be encouraged in order to prevent HIV transmission.