Browsing by Author "Goyal, Sandeep"
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Item A Descriptive Study to Assess the Neuro-psychological Deficits among Epileptic Children.(2011-04) Sharma, Arvind; Singh, Ponnamma R; Goyal, Sandeep; Singla, Mamta; Kaur, HarshpunitBackground: Neuropsychological deficits are common among epileptic children and these deficits of epileptic children may be influenced by factors like age, gender, frequency of seizures, duration of seizures, age at onset of seizures, type of seizures and family history. Material and Method: A non experimental research design was utilized to assess the Neuropsychological Deficits among Sample of 60 children with epilepsy, with age group of 8-16 years, attending outpatient neurology unit of Christian Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab. Symptom checklist -90 was used to assess the psychological deficits and Performance of intelligence to assess neurological deficits was assessed with the help of Bhatia’s Battery. Analysis and interpretation of data was done by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Out of 60 patients, 60% of epileptic children were free of psychological deficits, 36.7% had mild and 3.3% had moderate level of psychological deficits. Children had maximum psychological deficits score (50.08%) in anger hostility related symptoms and least (12.75%) in phobic anxiety symptoms. 43% of epileptic children had borderline and dull normal IQ level which indirectly represented neurological deficits, maximum in cognition i.e. 43.33% and lowest in loss of coordination or loss of fine motor control. Epileptic children had more mean percentage neurological deficits score but with little difference in both Koh’s block design test (68.6%) and in ‘Pattern Drawing Test’ (68.1%) i.e. they had more problems related to the analytical- synthetics ability and the lowest mean percentage neurological deficits score (19.2%) were in “Immediate Memory Test”. Conclusion: Epileptic patients suffers from various degrees of neuropsychological problems, which if could be recognized early and intervened in time can further reduce the disability among these children’s and will lower the psychosocial impact of epilepsy at large.Item Role of glucagon-like peptide-1 in vascular endothelial dysfunction.(2010-01) Goyal, Sandeep; Kumar, Suresh; Bijjem, Krishnareddy V; Singh, ManjeetThe present study has been undertaken to investigate the effect of exendin-4 (a glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist) in diabetes mellitus (DM) and hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy)-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction (VED). Streptozotocin (55 mg kg−1, iv, once) and methionine (1.7% w/w, po, 4 weeks) were administered to rats to produce DM (serum glucose >200 mg dl−1) and HHcy (serum homocysteine >10 μM) respectively. VED was assessed using isolated aortic ring preparation, microscopy of thoracic aorta, and serum nitrite/nitrate concentration. Serum TBARS concentration was estimated to assess oxidative stress. Atorvastatin has been employed as standard agent. Exendin-4 (1 μg kg−1, ip) and atorvastatin (30 mg kg−1, po) treatments significantly attenuated increase in serum glucose and homocysteine but their concentrations remained markedly higher than sham control value. Exendin-4 and atorvastatin treatments markedly prevented DM and HHcy-induced (i) attenuation of acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation, (ii) impairment of vascular endothelial lining, (iii) decrease in serum nitrite/nitrate concentration, and (iv) increase in serum TBARS. However, this ameliorative effect of exendin-4 has been prevented by L-NAME (25 mg kg-1, ip), an inhibitor of NOS. It may be concluded that exendin-4 may activate eNOS due to activation of GLP-1 and consequently reduce oxidative stress to improve vascular endothelial dysfunction.Item Screening beyond conventional serological markers for hepatitis B and C viruses in cirrhosis: an entity overlooked(Medip Academy, 2020-10) Manjri; Katyal, Virender; Yadav, Deepak; Goyal, SandeepWe aimed to emphasise the role of screening beyond conventional serological markers (HBsAg and Anti HCV antibodies for chronic viral hepatitis B and C respectively) in patients with cirrhosis. Patients with cirrhosis of liver are often labelled as having cryptogenic cirrhosis (CC), if no etiology is found. In chronic viral hepatitis B and C (CHB and CHC) induced cirrhosis, HBsAg and Anti HCV antibodies respectively are usually done to rule out the viral infections however their absence have been documented in subset of patients having these infections. In this regard, we hereby present a case labelled as CC and developed HCC; later on, further evaluation turned out to be having both CHB and CHC. A 51-year-old male with diabetes presented with index episode of hemetemesis. On further evaluation he was diagnosed to have cirrhosis of liver. No etiology was found and he was labeled as cirrhosis secondary to Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)/cryptogenic cirrhosis. Later on, he developed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We evaluated the patient with HBV DNA and HCV RNA levels keeping possibility of occult hepatitis B (OBI)/ seronegative hepatitis C infection despite HBsAg and Anti HCV antibodies being negative. Both levels were found to be raised and we attributed cirrhosis to dual hit by CHB and CHC. Patient was managed with antiviral drugs successfully with no recurrence of HCC and control of blood sugar levels. We hereby stress that screening beyond the HBsAg and Anti HCV antibodies should be done in all cases of liver cirrhosis in which etiology is not found on initial screening.Item Toxic Megacolon: A Rare but Lethal Complication of Ulcerative Colitis(Association of Physicians of India, 2022-11) Fotedar, S; Kumar, M; Katyal, VK; Goyal, Sandeep