Browsing by Author "Faridi, M M A"
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Item Amnioinfusion in thick meconium.(2004-08-04) Sood, Mini; Charulata,; Dimple,; Aggarwal, Neera; Faridi, M M AOBJECTIVE: There are conflicting reports regarding the results of amnioinfusion in the management of meconium passage in utero. This study was done to evaluate transcervical amnioinfusion for meconium stained amniotic fluid during labour. METHODS: 196 women at term in early labour with meconium were randomized to receive either transcervical intrapartum amnioinfusion with saline (96) or routine obstetrical care (100). Transcervical amnioinfusion of one liter saline infused over 30-45 minutes. End points were relief of decelerations, incidence of vaginal delivery, presence of meconium below the neonatal cords, and X-ray evidence of meconium aspiration. RESULTS: Amnioinfusion resulted in relief of decelerations in 75% of cases as compared to 7% in the control group. Eighty-eight percent of patients delivered vaginally as compared to 58% in the control group (p< 0.001). Neonatal outcome was significantly better in the infusion group. The incidence of meconium below the vocal cords was reduced from 48% to 17% (p< 0.004) using amnioinfusion with positive X-rays for meconium aspiration in only 12.5% versus 26% (p < 0.5). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that transcervical intrapartum amnioinfusion is a safe, simple and inexpensive technique that reduces operative intervention and improves neonatal outcome, and is of tremendous relevance in developing countries.Item Amniotic band syndrome.(2008-07-05) Narang, Manish; Khalil, Sumaira; Faridi, M M AItem BCG reaction in twin newborns: effect of zygosity and chorionicity.(2008-04-03) Gupta, Priyanka; Faridi, M M A; Shah, Dheeraj; Dev, GeetaOBJECTIVE: To study local response to BCG vaccination in twin babies and find out the effect of zygosity andchorionicity on BCG uptake. DESIGN: Analytical observational study. SETTING: Tertiary hospital. METHODS: Twin pairs born in the hospital were evaluated for zygosity and chorionicity. BCG vaccination was given within 48 hours of birth to babies >/=33 weeks of gestation and birth weight >/= 1500 g. Follow-up was done at 6,10 and 14 weeks. Local response to BCG vaccination was recorded in the form of no reaction, abortive reaction, papule, pustule, ulcer, scab or scar. RESULTS: One hundred thirty three twin pairs were delivered (16 monochorionic, 117 dichorionic); of which zygosity was determined in 110 pairs (81 dizygotic, 29 monozygotic). Two hundred four twin babies qualified for BCG vaccination. After 14 weeks, local reaction was seen in 84.3% babies and scar formed in 41.2% cases. Five abortive reactors and 20 'true non-reactors' were also found. Intra-pair agreement for local BCG reaction was highly significant in both monozygotic/dizygotic, as well as monochorionic/dichorionic twins (P<0.01). However, monozygotic and monochorionic intrapair agreements were not significantly larger than the dizygotic and dichorionic intrapair agreements(P >/= 0.05), respectively. CONCLUSION: Local response to BCG vaccination in twin newborn babies follows same pattern as singletons and there is no effect of zygosity or chorionicity on the uptake.Item BCG vaccination reaction in low birth weight infants.(2002-08-21) Kaur, S; Faridi, M M A; Agarwal, K NBACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: About 30 per cent newborns (preterm and term) weigh < 2500 g at birth. The immunological system is less mature in low birth weight (LBW) babies compared to term and normal birth weight (NBW) babies. Bacille Calmettee Guerin (BCG) vaccine is given at birth under the national immunization programme. There is a paucity of information on the immunogenicity of BCG vaccine in preterm and LBW babies. It was, therefore, proposed to study the reaction of BCG vaccination in LBW, preterm and normal birth weight newborns. METHODS: A total of 143 newborns (90 term and 53 preterm; of these 78 were LBW) received during March to September 1998, 0.1 ml of BCG vaccine (Danish 1331 strain) intradermally on the left arm just above the insertion of the deltoid muscle within 7 days of life. At the same time trivalent oral polio vaccine was administered as per the national immunization programme. These babies were followed up in the immunization clinic at 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 +/- 1 wk to observe reactions at the BCG vaccination site. RESULTS: After 4 wk reaction at the vaccination site was significantly (P < 0.001) delayed in preterm babies as compared to term infants, and in the LBW babies (P < 0.05) as compared to NBW babies. The reaction at the site of vaccination was not found to be different at 6, 8, 10, 12 wk. BCG scar was seen in 47.5 per cent infants (45.4% in < 2500 g birth weight and 50% in > or = 2500 g birth weight infants) at 12 wk. But 33 (42.3%) LBW and 24 (36.9%) NBW infants also showed papule, pustule, ulceration or scab at the BCG vaccination site. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: The BCG reaction was seen in the sequential order from papule to scar formation. No significant difference was seen in the scar formation in infants studied with varying gestation and birth weights after 12 wk of BCG vaccination. Fifty seven (40.4%) babies still showed different stages of BCG reaction at 12 wk. BCG vaccine along with OPV administered in early neonatal life showed successful BCG reaction in 95.5 per cent infants.Item Breastfeeding a baby with mother on Bromocripine.(2006-05-03) Verma, Sanjay; Shah, Dheeraj; Faridi, M M AProlactinomas, the most common pituitary adenomas, are important causes of infertility. Bromocriptine remains the treatment of choice for managing hyperprolactinemia in most of these cases. Breastfeeding in mothers receiving bromocriptine is often doubtful and matter of concern for most people. Here we report a case, where by timely intervention and skilled counseling, exclusive breastfeeding could be established in a mother receiving bromocriptine for the treatment of hyperprolactinemia.Item Breastfeeding and complementary feeding as a public health intervention for child survival in India.(2010-04) Gupta, Arun; Dadhich, J P; Faridi, M M AThe relevance of breastfeeding and complementary feeding as proven child survival interventions, is well documented by the scientific research. These two preventive interventions can save as many as 19% of all child deaths. However, despite the volume of evidence favouring mainstreaming of these interventions, many countries, including India are yet to achieve universal appropriate infant and young child feeding practices. This article attempts to explore the evidenced based role of these interventions in the crusade to save children, and looks into the present scenario of infant and young child feeding in India, along with a possible road map to achieve high rates of early and exclusive breastfeeding and appropriate complementary feeding in the country.Item Cholera pattern in children of Delhi.(2005-01-08) Gupta, Shalu; Faridi, M M AItem Combating poster fatigue.(2006-04-04) Faridi, M M A; Narang, Manish; Ali, MunazirItem Complex regional pain syndrome type 1 and scurvy.(2009-06) Kumar, Ravindra; Aggarwal, Anju; Faridi, M M AA 5 year old female developed features of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) i.e excessive pain to touch, decreased sweating and edema of left ankle 2 years after fracture of left tibia. Gum bleeding, petechiae and pseudoparalysis and suggestive radiograph characterized scurvy. Hyperesthesia improved and child walked with support following administration of vitamin C.Item Congenital Malformations in Twins: Effect of Chorionicity and Zygosity.(2010-04) Gupta, Priyanka; Faridi, M M A; Dev, GeetaTwins suffer a high risk of congenital malformations but the data from our region is scanty. In this study, 133 twin pairs (266 twin babies) were studied and a 3.4% incidence of malformations was seen without gender preference. There was no association of chorionicity and zygosity with the risk for having congenital malformationsItem Cytokine response to dietary rehabilitation with curd (Indian dahi) & leaf protein concentrate in malnourished children.(2009-07) Dewan, Pooja; Kaur, I R; Faridi, M M A; Agarwal, K NBackground & objectives: Protein energy malnutrition (PEM), an important cause of secondary immune deficiency, is associated with several abnormalities in the immune system including cytokine production. In the present study cytokine levels (both pro- and anti-inflammatory) were evaluated in protein energy malnourished children following nutritional rehabilitation with curd (Indian dahi) and leaf protein concentrate (LPC). Methods: Eighty moderately and severely malnourished children, 1-5 yr of age, received the WHO recommended diet for severe malnutrition, modified according to local dietary habits, containing in addition either curd or micronutrient-rich leaf protein concentrate, for a period of 15 days. Cytokine levels [tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), interferon γ (IFNγ), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-4 (IL-4)] were measured before and after dietary rehabilitation. Results: The baseline cytokine levels (TNFα, IFNγ, IL-10 and IL-4) were high in malnourished children. Both the diets caused an increase in serum pro-inflammatory (TNFα, IFNγ), and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokine levels after nutritional rehabilitation. The increase in IL-10 was significant in children receiving curd. There was an insignificant fall in IL-4 levels with both the diets. The cytokine response was comparable in children with moderate and severe malnutrition, as also in children < 2 yr to those between 2-5 yr. Interpretation & conclusions: The study suggests that cytokines (TNFα, IFNγ, IL-10 and IL-4) may serve as biological markers to assess the effect of functional foods like curd or LPC on immunity in malnutrition. Curd may help to maintain the balance in cytokine production by increasing the production of IL-10, and may be considered in place of milk in the nutritional rehabilitation of malnourished children.Item Deciduous dentition and enamel defects.(2003-02-11) Agarwal, K N; Narula, S; Faridi, M M A; Kalra, NTwo hundred eighty children including wellnourished, malnourished and infants with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) were examined for dental eruption and enamel hypoplasia. In malnourished and IUGR children eruption of teeth was delayed. The prevalence of enamel hypoplsia in wellnourished children was 20% being significantly higher in females as compared to males in age group 1-2 years. Enamel hypoplasia was seen in 36.6% malnourished subjects. Breast-feeding was protective against enamel hypoplasia.Item Dizygotic twins with myelomeningocele.(2003-03-06) Das, Ghanshyam; Aggarwal, Anju; Faridi, M M AAmong the neural tube defects incidence of spinabifida and myelomeningocele is less in twins compared to singletons. This article reports a case of dizygotic twins with myelomeningocele, a rare occurrence. Possible association of twining and neural tube defects and its impact on genetic counseling in such cases has been discussed.Item Effect of carbamazepine on serum lipids and liver function tests.(2005-09-07) Aggarwal, Anju; Kumar, Manish; Faridi, M M AWe prospectively studied the effect of carbamazepine (CBZ) therapy on serum lipids and liver function tests in 28 patients and 28 age and sex matched controls. The mean age of patients was 8.29 years, duration of therapy with CBZ 10.3 months and dose of CBZ 13.1 mg/dL. The patients and controls were comparable in weight, height and BMI. Mean +/- SD of cholesterol 162 +/- 25.8 mg/dL in patients was significantly more than controls 131+/- 25.2 mg/dL. Mean LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol were also significantly raised in patients. Values of mean VLDL, triglycerides, ratio of LDL HDL, TC HDLC bilirubin and SGPT were not significantly different in two groups. Blood Levels of alkaline phosphatase were significantly more in patients compared to controls. The long term implications of these findings need to be studied.Item Effect of Carbamazepine Therapy on Homocysteine, Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid Levels in Children with Epilepsy.(2013-05) Kumar, Vimal; Aggarwal, Anju; Sharma, Sangeeta; Mittal, Hema; Faridi, M M AObjectives: To compare the levels of homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folic acid before and after 6 months of carbamazepine therapy and to correlate them with carbamazepine level at 6 months. Design: Prospective comparative study. Setting: Tertiary care centre in North India. Participants: 51 children (2-12 years of age) presenting with motor partial seizures. Intervention: Carbamazepine (10-20 mg/μ/day) for 6 months. Main outcome measure: Change in serum homocysteine, B12, folic acid level. Methods: Fasting venous samples were collected before carbamazepine therapy and after six months. Homocysteine was analyzed using homocysteine enzyme immunoassay. Vitamin B12 and folic acid were estimated using electrochemiluminesence technique. Carbamazepine levels were measured at 6 months. Results: Of the 51 children, 36 (males-21), were followed up and their data analyzed. Mean homocysteine level was 11.51±3.95 μmol/L at recruitment and 11.77±6.65 μmol/L at six months (P=0.785). At recruitment 6(16%) children had homocysteine level above 15 μmol/L which increased to 10(27%) at 6 months. Mean vitamin B12 at recruitment was 292.1±111.2 pg/mL and 297.8±82.9 pg/mL at 6 months (P=0.764). Mean folic acid at recruitment was 9.98±3.45 ng/mL and 10.66±3.97 ng/mL at 6 months (P=0.358). There was no correlation between carbamazepine levels with homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folic acid (P>0.05). There was no effect of age, sex or dietary pattern on homocysteine levels. Conclusion: Hence 6 months of carbamazepine therapy did not cause significant change in serum levels of homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folic acid.Item Effect of phenytoin and valproic acid therapy on serum lipid levels and liver function tests.(2008-10-25) Dewan, Pooja; Aggarwal, Anju; Faridi, M M AWe conducted a case control study to evaluate the effect of phenytoin and valproic acid on serum lipids and liver function tests in epileptic children. Seventy-nine children receiving at least 6 months of antiepileptic monotherapy were categorized into two groups, depending on whether they were receiving phenytoin or valproic acid. Age matched healthy controls were also included. The mean total cholesterol (TC) in children on phenytoin therapy was significantly higher than the control group (P=0.03). Serum triglycerides, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, were not significantly different in the three groups. The proportion of children with TC > 200mg/dL was significantly higher in the phenytoin group. We recommend monitoring of serum lipids of epileptic children receiving phenytoin.Item Estimation of Gestational Age, Using Neonatal Anthropometry: A Cross-sectional Study in India.(2013-12) Thawani, Rajat; Dewan, Pooja; Faridi, M M A; Arora, Shilpa Khanna; Kumar, RajeevPrematurity is a significant contributor to neonatal mortality in India. Conventionally, assessment of gestational age of newborns is based on New Ballard Technique, for which a paediatric specialist is needed. Anthropometry of the newborn, especially birthweight, has been used in the past to predict the gestational age of the neonate in peripheral health facilities where a trained paediatrician is often not available. We aimed to determine if neonatal anthropometric parameters, viz. birthweight, crown heel-length, head-circumference, mid-upper arm-circumference, lower segment-length, foot-length, umbilical nipple distance, calf-circumference, intermammary distance, and hand-length, can reliably predict the gestational age. The study also aimed to derive an equation for the same. We also assessed if these neonatal anthropometric parameters had a better prediction of gestational age when used in combination compared to individual parameters. We evaluated 1,000 newborns in a cross-sectional study conducted in Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital in Delhi. Detailed anthropometric estimation of the neonates was done within 48 hours after birth, using standard techniques. Gestational age was estimated using New Ballard Scoring. Out of 1,250 consecutive neonates, 1,000 were included in the study. Of them, 800 randomly-selected newborns were used in devising the model, and the remaining 200 newborns were used in validating the final model. Quadratic regression analysis using stepwise selection was used in building the predictive model. Birthweight (R=0.72), head-circumference (R=0.60), and mid-upper arm-circumference (R=0.67) were found highly correlated with gestation. The final equation to assess gestational age was as follows: Gestational age (weeks)=5.437×W–0.781×W2+2.815×HC–0.041×HC2+0.285×MUAC–22.745 where W=Weight, HC=Head-circumference and MUAC=Mid-upper arm-circumference; Adjusted R=0.76. On validation, the predictability of this equation is 46% (±1 week), 75.5% (+2 weeks), and 91.5% (+3 weeks). This mathematical model may be used in identifying preterm neonates.Item Evaluation of oral health of 6 to 10-year-old asthmatic children receiving bronchodilator through inhaler(Indian Society for Dental Research, 2019-09) Kumar, Sudhir; Kalra, Namita; Tyagi, Rishi; Faridi, M M A; Khatri, Amit; Satish, V N VAim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the oral health status in 6 to 10-year-old asthmatic children receiving bronchodilator (salbutamol, salmeterol, etc.) through inhaler and compare them with nonasthmatic healthy children. Settings and Design: The present study was carried out at pediatric and pedodontic department and neighboring government school. It was an observational and case–control study. Statistical Analysis: All data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 software program and presented as mean ± standard error of mean. Chi-square test was used for the categorical data between groups. Numerical data were analyzed by Mann–Whitney U-test and t-test. Kruskal–Wallis test was performed for comparisons of median value of decayed, missing, filled surface and Decayed, Missing, Filled Surface (dmfs and DMFS) for different variables within asthmatic group. Mann–Whitney U-test for multiple comparisons and P value was adjusted according to Bonferroni correction. Negative binomial analysis was used to calculate adjusted dmfs and DMFS, and univariate analysis of variance was used for adjusted mean plaque and gingival index. Materials and Methods: The study group composed of 70 asthmatic and 70 nonasthmatic children with the same age and social background aged between 6 and 10 years old. Oral health status was assessed using caries, plaque, and gingival index. Dental caries examination was done using the WHO criteria (1997), plaque index by Silness and Loe in 1964 and gingival health by Loe and Silness in 1963. Results: The children in the asthmatic group had significantly higher caries prevalence, severity of dental plaque, and gingivitis compared with the nonasthmatic group. Plaque accumulation and gingivitis increased significantly as severity and duration of asthma increased. Conclusions: Bronchial asthma had an overall deleterious effect on caries prevalence and severity, plaque, and gingivitis on primary and permanent teeth.Item Familial hypercholesterolemia with coarctation of aorta.(2007-07-19) Aggarwal, A; Gupta, A; Narang, M; Faridi, M M AItem Immunogenicity and safety of live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine: a multicentric study.(2009-01-31) Faridi, M M A; Shah, Nitin; Ghosh, T K; Sankaranarayanan, V S; Arankalle, Vidya; Aggarwal, Anju; Sathiyasekaran, Malathi; Bhattacharya, Nisha; Vasanthi, T; Chatterjee, Suparna; Choudhury, Jaydeep; Mitra, MonjoriOBJECTIVE: To evaluate immunogenicity and tolerability of single dose live attenuated injectable hepatitis A vaccine in four metropolitan cities of India. METHODS: Live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine was administered to 505 children aged 18 to 60 months in four centers across India. Immunogenicity of the vaccine was assessed by estimation of anti-HAV antibody titer at 6 weeks and 6 months following administration of the vaccine. Safety evaluation of the vaccine was also done during the visits. RESULTS: At 6 weeks, 480 subjects (95%) came for the follow-up and 411 (81.4%) subjects reported at the end of 6 months. The geometric mean titer (GMT) of anti-HAV antibody of the subjects who did not have the seroprotective titer at the baseline were assessed at 6 weeks and 6 months which was 81.04 mIU/ml and 150.66 mIU/ml respectively. At 6 weeks, 95.1 % seroconverted and at the end of 6 months, 97.9 % had seroconverted. Both solicited and unsolicited vaccine-induced local and systemic adverse events were insignificant at all the centers, except swelling and induration in a few. CONCLUSION: Live attenuated injectable hepatitis A vaccine was immunogenic and tolerable with minimal reactogenecity, in this study of single dose schedule. Safety profile was also satisfactory in the study population.