Browsing by Author "Duggal, Ranjana"

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    Addressing Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: The Role Of Oral Medications
    (Indian Society for Health and Advanced Research, 2024-01) Duggal, Ranjana; Ghani, Ufaira; Sharma, Vanita
    A signi?cant proportion of postmenopausal women in India go through osteoporosis. Clinical evaluations and dual- energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans are frequently used to screen for this condition. When individuals are identi?ed as having an increased risk of fractures based on screening results, oral treatments are commonly suggested. After an osteoporosis diagnosis, oral bisphosphonates such as alendronate, ibandronate, and risedronate are typically employed as the main methods to prevent fractures.Selectiveestrogen receptor modulators, estrogen-containing medications, and other substances like tibolone that mimic the actions of estrogen are all examples of hormonal therapy. Following a diagnosis, lifestyle changes including supplementation and exercise are utilized as a supplemental form of treatment. These changes may help prevent osteoporosis. These treatments' main drawbacks are their side effects. Treatment plans should be customized depending on the substantial risk factors that patients have shown,the side effects, and the clinical outcome of the treatment. Hormone replacement therapies pose the most serious risk factors for choosing a medication since they increase the risk of venous thrombosis, coronary artery disease, breast cancer, and uterine cancer. The most frequent side effect of bisphosphonates is gastrointestinal pain, which can be lessened with careful dosage. These drugs have shown to be effective in preventing vertebral and non- vertebral fractures in post-menopausal women, while having side effects. Clinical judgment should be used to choose the best course of therapy based on the goals and experiences of the patient after weighing the risk of fracture against the risk of adverse events related to each of the regimens.
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    Efficacy of Triglyceride Glucose Index–Neck Circumference and Triglyceride Glucose Index–Neck-to-Height Ratio in the Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Diseases and Metabolic Syndrome
    (Journal of Indian Medical Association, 2024-01) Kumar, Antra; Gupta, Abhinav; Gupta, Ayush; Duggal, Ranjana; Gupta, Anil K; Malhotra, Pavan
    Background: A group of characteristics known as metabolic syndrome raises the chance of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Insulin resistance (IR) and obesity are regarded as critical metabolic syndrome pathophysiology. Objectives: The diagnostic accuracy of IR indicators, triglyceride (TG) glucose index–neck circumference (TyG-NC), and TG glucose index–neck-to-height ratio (TyG-NHtR) to be evaluated for the detection of cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome in nondiabetic individuals. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted and passed by the Ethics Committee of the institute. The age should be 18 years or older, and subjects should not have diabetes. Each patient’s clinical information was gathered, and lab tests were run. The study was done for a period of 1 year. Results: The study has 100 participants. Around 74% of the group was women. Only 26.5% of the group had an obesity diagnosis. Poor fasting plasma glucose levels were found in 19.4% of the research team. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC)–area under the curve (AUC) testing revealed that all examined IR indices can differentiate individuals with metabolic syndrome from those who are healthy. Our analysis laid out the soaring high area under the ROC curve for TyG index and the low stunted area under the ROC curve for TyG-NC. For obesity, all indices showed appreciable diagnostic efficacy, indicating the maximum achieved area under the ROC curve for TyG index and the minimum recorded metabolic score for IR. The AUC in the case of the metabolic score for IR (METS-IR) male sample population was found to be not statistically compelling. Conclusion: The exploration of indirect indices, the proposed ones, namely TyG-NC and TyG-NHtR, emphasized an intricate link between cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome.