Browsing by Author "Divya"

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    The Application of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) In the Computational Optimization of Sustained Release (SR) For Phenothiazine Derivative Matrix Tablet
    (Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2023-12) Thakur, SK; Pal, R; Jha, D; Dutta, P; Pandey, P; Tripathi, BD; Rizwan, M; Ojha, S; Divya; Singh, RP.
    Introduction: This study explores the use of Response Surface Methodology (RSM), a statistical optimization technique, to optimize the SR properties of prochlorperazine maleate (PCM) matrix tablets. PCM is a phenothiazine derivative used for treating schizophrenia, nausea, and vomiting. Sustained-release formulations offer extended drug delivery, potentially improving patient compliance and reducing side effects. RSM helps identify optimal combinations of critical formulation factors influencing drug release, such as polymer type and concentration, filler type, and drug/polymer ratio. The study likely involves designing experiments based on chosen RSM designs (e.g., Box-Behnken) with varying factor levels. Formulate SR tablets with different factor combinations. Evaluating the drug release profiles of each tablet formulation. Analyzing data using RSM software to build mathematical models relating factors to drug release and identifying optimal factor combinations that maximize desired release characteristics. Objective: The ongoing research purpose to improve the advancement of a sustained release tablet containing Phenothiazine derivative PCM loaded matrix. This is achieved by utilizing DoE as a computational method to statistically validate the formulation. Methodology: Basically two methods involved in the formulation using direct compression; a simple and efficient method where all dry ingredients are blended and directly compressed into tablets. Results: The obtained outcomes closely matched the anticipated values derived from the experimental setup. The enhanced PCM matrix tablets demonstrated a prolonged and uniform discharge of PCM over a span of 6 hours. Conclusion: This study Based on a 23 FD, response surface methodology was used to successfully develop the current research of PCM matrix tablets for sustained release application. The corresponding contour plots and 3D response methodology represent the important variables for the optimisation process.
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    Correlation of thyroid-stimulating hormone level with obesity in patients of polycystic ovary syndrome
    (Medip Academy, 2024-08) Saha, Amrita; Shukla, Shashi; Preeti; Divya
    Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), a heterogeneous endocrine disorder is most common in women of the reproductive age group. Thyroid disorders and PCOS are two of the most common endocrine disorders in women. Although the etiopathogenesis of hypothyroidism and PCOS is completely different, these two disorders have many common features. An increase in ovarian volume and cystic changes in ovaries have been reported in primary hypothyroidism. The aim of this study was to find the correlation of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level in obese and non-obese women, who were diagnosed to have PCOS.Methods: The data of 161 women who visited the institution for diagnosis and management of PCOS were included in the study. Demographic data like age, height and weight of the women at the time of diagnosis of PCOS were collected and subjected to analysis.Results: The results showed that 15% obese PCOS women had high TSH level and 7% non- obese PCOS had high TSH level.Conclusions: The result of the study suggests that higher level of TSH seen in obese PCOS women than non -obese PCOS women.
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    Effect of Different Organic Manures and Their Levels on Nutrient Status and Soil Microbial Activity under Rose (Rosa bourboniana Desportes) Cultivation
    (Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2023-01) Kumar, Pawan; Sheoran, Sonu; Kamboj, Ankush; Divya; Gurmeet; Kumar, Deepak; Raveena
    A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different organic manures and their levels on nutrient status and soil microbial activity in rose at Hisar during 2020-21. The treatments comprised of 3 different types of organic manures viz., farm yard manures, vermicompost and poultry manure and 4 levels control, 4 kg/m2, 5 kg/m2 and 6 kg/m2. The experiment was carried out in the split plot design with three replications. Observation on organic carbon, dehydrogenase activity and alkaline phosphatase activity, N, P and K content in rose leaves and available N, P and K content in soil at the time of harvest were recorded. Organic carbon in soil was maximum (0.93%) with the application of vermicompost while dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activity were highest with the application of farmyard manure and poultry manure, respectively. Nitrogen (2.17%) and phosphorus (0.27%) content were maximum in rose leaves at harvest stage with the application of poultry manure while Potassium (1.41%) content was maximum vermicompost. Same trend was observed in the nutrient status of soil with the application of different organic manures. It is concluded that the application of poultry manures had pronounced effect on microbial activity and nutrient status in rose.
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    Effects of smoking cessation on pulmonary function and quality of life
    (Medip Academy, 2018-09) P. M, Ramesh; M., Saravanan; Divya
    Background: Cigarette smoking is a major public health problem and is the most important cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study shows the importance of smoking cessation for improvement in respiratory function and quality of life and brings out the potential usage of pharmacological and behavioural therapy for the same.Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 50 male smokers at Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai. During the treatment only 43 patients were continued till the end of follow up. During the period, varenicline treatment was given for three months as per schedule, regular periodic counselling was given to these patients and followed up for a period of 1 year. Forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1), COPD assessment test (CAT) scoring, 6 min walk test (6MWD), BODE index, was taken before starting therapy and on 3rd month and at the end of one year of follow-up. All the values obtained were analysed statistically.Results: The mean age of the 43 patients was 44.7±7.34, mean BMI was 22.27±4.24. The mean difference between pre and post treatment scores of CAT, 6MWD and BODE index were found to be statistically significant (p<0.0001).Conclusions: Combined behavioural counseling and pharmacotherapy with varenicline significantly improved the odds of achieving tobacco abstinence in the participants by the end of one year of treatment.
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    Knowledge, attitude and practice of antenatal care among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in a tertiary care hospital of Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
    (Medip Academy, 2020-06) Garg, Parul; Divya
    Background: The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of antenatal care among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in a tertiary care hospital and also to identify factors that are associated with non-usage of antenatal care.Methods: The study was conducted on 150 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in department of obstetrics and gynecology of K. D. Medical College and associated hospital of Mathura from September 2019 to December 2019. After obtaining consent, randomly selected pregnant women were given a pre-designed, structured questionnaire on socio-demographic variables, knowledge, attitude and practice towards antenatal care.Results: In the present study, out of 150 respondents, 62.7% had knowledge and awareness regarding antenatal care. There was inadequate knowledge about frequency of antenatal visits with 59.3% subjects wanting to deliver in the hospital.Conclusions: To improve effective utilization of ANC services, we need to bring behaviour changes, improve communication and quality of service delivery, along with effective monitoring and evaluation. Awareness should be developed in the community about the importance of registration for ANC, educating women about the detection of complications during pregnancy, importance of TT injection, IFA tablets and extra nutrition.
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    A Rare Case Of Asymptomatic Axial Rotation Of The Gravid Term Uterus By 180 Degrees
    (Atharva Scientific Publications, 2019-09) Dwivedi, Neena Gupta; Divya; Gupta, Roshani Rahul
    Some degree rotation of the gravid uterus in pregnancy is not an abnormal finding.However, extreme uterine torsion of 180 degrees around its cervical junction is a relatively rare event in obstetrics. Most women undergoing atorsion present with symptoms. Here, we report a rare case of asymptomatic uterine torsion detected at laparotomy for an emergency cesarean sectiondue to transverse lie in labor. As derotation of the gravid term uterus was not possible, a transverse incision in the lower posterior uterine segment was given. The clinical challenge of uterine torsion lies in its non-specific clinical course and rarity of this condition makes the preoperative diagnosis difficult.
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    Serum magnesium level at 24 to less than 37 weeks: a prospective COHORT study predicting spontaneous preterm delivery
    (Medip Academy, 2023-11) Astha; Divya
    Background: Preterm labour is a leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Out of various causes, many macronutrients and micronutrients are said to have a role in pathogenesis of preterm labour, one of them is magnesium. Magnesium inhibits myometrial contractions by antagonizing calcium mediated uterine contractions. With advancement of pregnancy serum magnesium levels falls causing hyper excitability of neuromuscular junction bringing in uterine hyperactivity. The study was aimed to measure and compare the level of serum magnesium in preterm labour and normal pregnancy and to find the association of serum magnesium level with preterm labour.Methods: This cohort observational study was done in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow and eligible participants i.e., pregnant women with singleton gestation between 24 and <37 weeks of gestation were enrolled.112 women with preterm labour and 120 with no preterm labour were taken as study and control group respectively, serum magnesium level measured and followed till delivery.Results: The study showed mean serum magnesium level was 1.79�22 mg/dl in study group as compare to 1.98�25 mg/dl in control group and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). The value of Serum Magnesium below 1.885 mg/dl had a sensitivity of 64.8% and specificity of 66.1%.Conclusions: We can conclude that low serum magnesium is associated with preterm labour and serum magnesium estimation in pregnancy may be a valuable marker of predicting preterm labour.
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    A Study on Predictive Value of Thrombocytopaenia in Cases of Malaria
    (Association of Medical Dental and Allied Sciences, 2017-06) Raju, Jaya; Reddy, Ramakesava; Sreekanth; Srija; Praveen; Divya; Feroz
    Malaria is a major health problem in India. In cases of fever with thrombocytopenia, malaria should be on top of the differential diagnosis. This was a study of admitted patients in medical wards of Bhaskara Medical Colleges, Hyderabad who were diagnosed with malaria and they were assessed for thrombocytopenia using automated quantitative D3 analyser. The data were analysed using SPSS version 16.0. Viral haemorrhagic fevers can also be presented as fever with high haematocrit and leucopenia along with thrombocytopenia. In our study, the commonest cause of thrombocytopenia in malaria was vivax malaria.
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    Thyroid disorders in pregnancy: prevalence and its fetomaternal outcome in a tertiary hospital of Delhi, India
    (Medip Academy, 2020-02) Bansal, Neha; Divya
    Background: This study was conducted to determine the feto maternal outcome in pregnant women with thyroid disorders. The prevalence of thyroid disorders in present study was 15.75%.Methods: This was a prospective observational study carried out in all pregnant women irrespective of their parity, who attended ANC clinic in department of obstetrics and gynaecology in a tertiary care hospital over a period of 2 years. After registering, the patients were followed up with routine antenatal visits up to delivery and records were reviewed for development of abortion, PIH, preterm delivery, GDM, anemia, placental abruption, still birth, anomalies, fetal distress, meconium stained liquor, low birth weight and neonatal outcome by neonate Apgar score and TSH value.Results: Mean age group in our study was 27.61±3.14. Family history was present in 8% of study group versus 0% in control group which was statistically significant (p=0.028). Eighteen percent of preeclampsia was diagnosed in study group as compared to 4% in control group which was statistically significant (p-value= 0.005). Fourteen percent patients had preterm labour in study group as compared to 6.7% in control group which was statistically significant (p value= 0.047). Increased neonatal TSH was found in study group (61.3%) as compared to control group (32%), this difference was statistically significant (p-value <0.001). There was increased importance of measuring TSH in first trimester as it was statistically significant in study group (p-value <0.001).Conclusions: All pregnant women should be screened for hypothyroidism as early as possible or before conception to prevent any fetomaternal complications.