Browsing by Author "Das, P"
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Item Alteration in enzymal activity of liver and kidney in experimental irreversible hemorrhagic shock.(1976-02-01) Das, P; Jaiswal, M SItem Bacteriological profile of ventilator-associated pneumonia in a tertiary care hospital(Indian Association of Pathologists and Microbiologists, 2018-09) Patro, S; Sarangi, G; Das, P; Mahapatra, A; Mohapatra, D; Paty, BP; Chayani, NBackground: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most frequent intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired infection. The etiology of VAP and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern varies with different patient populations and types of ICUs. Materials and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was performed over a period of 2 years in a tertiary care hospital to determine the various etiological agents causing VAP and to detect the presence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens in these VAP patients. Combination disk method, Modified Hodge test, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disk synergy test, and AmpC disk test were performed for the detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), carbapenemases, metallo-beta-lactamases (MBL), and AmpC beta-lactamases, respectively. Results: The prevalence of VAP was 35%. Enterobacteriaceae (66.66%) and Staphylococcus aureus (20%) were common in early-onset VAP, while nonfermenters (50%) and Enterobacteriaceae (40.61%) were predominant from late-onset VAP. Nearly 60.87% of the bacterial pathogens were MDR. ESBL was produced by 21.74% of Enterobacteriaceae. AmpC ?-lactamase was positive in 35.29% nonfermenters and 26.08% Enterobacteriaceae. MBL was positive in 17.64% nonfermenters and 17.39% Enterobacteriaceae. Among the S. aureus isolates, 75% were cefoxitin resistant. Prior antibiotic therapy (P = 0.001) and hospitalization of 5 days or more (P = 0.001) were independent risk factors for VAP by MDR pathogens. polymyxin B, tigecycline, and vancomycin were the most sensitive drugs for Gram-negative and positive isolates respectively from VAP. Statistical Analysis: SPSS for Windows Version SPSS 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and Chi-square with Yates correction. Conclusion: Late-onset VAP is increasingly associated with MDR pathogens. Treatment with polymyxin B, tigecycline, and vancomycin should be kept as last-line reserve drugs against most of the MDR pathogens.Item Biofilm as a virulence marker in Candida species in Nosocomial blood stream infection and its correlation with antifungal resistance.(2015-01) Bhatt, M; Sarangi, G; Paty, B P; Mohapatra, D; Chayani, N; Mahapatra, A; Das, P; Sahoo, DNosocomial blood stream infections (BSI) due to fungi especially Candida is increasing steadily. A two year prospective study was conducted in the S.C.B. Medical College with an aim to evaluate the species distribution, antifungal susceptibility and biofi lm formation of Candida spp. isolated from nosocomial BSIs. 34 Candida spp. were isolated from 359 blood cultures. Antifungal susceptibility was performed by microbroth dilution technique and both visual and spectrophotometric method were used for biofi lm detection. C. tropicalis was the common spp. isolated followed by C. parapsilosis and others. Most (92%) of the isolates were susceptible to Amphoterecin-B and highest resistance was observed against Flucytosine (37%) and Fluconazole(35%). Biofi lm production and antifungal resistance was observed more in nonalbicans Candida spp.Item Characterization of entamoeba histolytica antigens in circulating immune complexes in sera of patients with amoebiasis.(2002-09-15) Sengupta, K; Ghosh, P K; Ganguly, S; Das, P; Maitra, T K; Jalan, K NIsolated circulating immune complexes (CICs) from sera of patients with amoebiasis were characterized to determine Entamoeba histolytica antigens that participate in the disease process. In total, 116 serum samples were collected before starting anti-amoebic therapy, and their CICs were isolated by differential polyethylene glycol precipitation. The presence of amoeba-specific antigens in CICs was detected by antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by immunoblot assay. Antigen capture ELISA showed significantly higher optical density (p < 0.001) in all patients with amoebiasis than in the normal healthy controls and patients of non-amoebic hepatic disorder. Immunoblot assay detected amoeba-specific CICs in all 18 patients (100%) with confirmed amoebic liver abscess, 28 (80%) of 35 patients with clinically-suspected amoebic liver abscess, and 18 (78.26%) of 23 patients with amoebic colitis. No patients with non-amoebic hepatic disorders and healthy control subjects had any detectable level of amoebic antigens in CICs. Immunoblot assay revealed E. histolytica antigens of relative molecular masses of 35, 56, 70, and 90 kDa present in CICs of 64 of 76 patients with amoebiasis. The 35-kDa polypeptide was observed in 52 patients (81.25%). The results of the study suggest that the 35-kDa polypeptide antigen can be a diagnostic marker in active amoebiasis.Item Clear cell sarcoma like tumor of gastrointestinal tract: Experience of three cases and review of literature(Indian Association of Pathologists and Microbiologists, 2020-03) Sonai, MK; Rastogi, S; Madhusudhan, KS; Gupta, SD; Das, PClear cell sarcoma-like tumor of the gastrointestinal tract (CCSGT) is a rare, aggressive tumor with many histological mimickers. Herein, we have documented our experience of three cases of CCSGT and reviewed the literature. The index cases were identified in male patients in their twenties, one in jejunum and two in the distal colon. Histomorphological examination revealed the characteristic heterogeneous histomorphology with patchy immunohistochemical positivity with S100 protein and negative melanocytic markers. The fluorescence in-situ hybridization test showed translocation of the EWSR1 (22q12) gene in >80% tumor cells. While one of our patients died after 2 years with lung metastasis, the other two patients are still alive on 1.5 years and 3 months follow up, respectively. CCSGT is a rare malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. Although characteristic morphology, use of a judicial panel of immunohistochemical stains, and translocation study for EWSR1 gene can establish the diagnosis, experience in adjuvant therapy is still limited.Item Clinical and Laboratory Comparison of Different Brands of Amphotericin B Used for the Treatment of Kala-Azar: An Observational Study.(2008-12) Narayan, Shyam; Gupta, A K; Singh, Subhankar K; Lal, C S; Singh, V P; Sinha, P K; Das, P; Thakur, C PThe communication presents clinical response of cases of visceral leishmaniasis to treatment by two different brands of Amphotericin B. FungizoneTM was found to be slightly better than Amphotericin BTM, however, the difference is not statistically significant.Item Cloning of ribosomal RNA genes from an Indian isolate of Giardia lamblia and the use of intergenic nontranscribing spacer regions in the differentiation of Giardia from other enteric pathogens.(1998-12) Sil, A K; Das, P; Bhattacharyya, S; Ghosh, S; Chattopadhyay, D JThe ribosomal RNA genes from an Indian isolate of Giardia lamblia have been cloned and characterized with respect to size, composition and copy number. Southern blotting and rDNA cloning of Giardia lamblia revealed that genes coding for ribosomal RNA (rRNA) are exceptionally small and are encoded within a 5.6 kb genome fragment repeat. The rDNA repeat unit of this isolate was found to be highly G-C rich like other human isolates and the physical map showed several SmaI sites. There are 132 copies of the rDNA repeat unit per cell in a head to tail arrangement. Two fragments corresponding to intergenic (0.2 kb and 0.3 kb) region and one (0.8 kb) containing both an intergenic region and a small part of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SS rRNA) have been identified within the rDNA. These were used in heterogeneity studies of Giardia isolated from two geographic locations as well as in the analysis of cross reactivity with other enteric organisms. In Southern blots, all the three fragments were found to be highly specific for the differential diagnosis of Giardia spp. from the other enteric pathogens. These findings should help in developing a sensitive and more specific method for the diagnosis of giardiasis over currently available techniques.Item Community Medicine Buster(Indian Association of Preventive and Social Medicine, 2019-09) Sarker, G; Das, PIn the 2nd edition of Community Medicine Buster compilation of 17 university questions all over India to cover wide range of questions for undergraduates, Post graduate students and Researchers. Chapter wise long essay questions along with short notes and relevant questions chronological arranged for the reader, they will feel that they are reading a book with all sorts of questions in question answer form. Moreover, it is an examination preparatory book for the 3rd professional part -1 students. This chapter wise different university questions unique in India.Item Comparative evaluation of paired blood culture (aerobic/aerobic) and single blood culture, along with clinical importance in catheter versus peripheral line at a tertiary care hospital.(2012-04) Tarai, B; Das, P; Kumar, D; Budhiraja, SPurpose: Paired blood culture (PBC) is uncommon practice in hospitals in India, leading to delayed and inadequate diagnosis. Also contamination remains a critical determinant in hampering the definitive diagnosis. Objectives: To establish the need of PBC over single blood culture (SBC) along with the degree of contamination, this comparative retrospective study was initiated. Materials and Methods : We processed 2553 PBC and 4350 SBC in BacT/ALERT 3D (bioMerieux) between October 2010 and June 2011. The positive cultures were identified in VITEK 2 Compact (bioMerieux). True positivity and contaminants were also analyzed in 486 samples received from catheter and peripheral line. Results : Out of 2553 PBC samples, positivity was seen in 350 (13.70%). In 4350 SBC samples, positivity was seen in 200 samples (4.59%). In PBC true pathogens were 267 (10.45%) and contaminants were 83 (3.25%), whereas in SBC 153 (3.51%) were true positives and contaminants were 47 (1.08%). Most of the blood cultures (99.27 %) grew within 72 h and 95.8% were isolated within 48 h. In 486 PBCs received from catheter/periphery (one each), catheter positivity was found in 85 (true positives were 48, false positives 37). In peripheral samples true positives were 50 and false positives were 8. Conclusion: Significantly higher positive rates were seen in PBCs compared with SBCs. Automated blood culture and identification methods significantly reduced the time required for processing of samples and also facilitated yield of diverse/rare organisms. Blood culture from catheter line had higher false positives than peripheral blood culture. Thus every positive result from a catheter must be correlated with clinical findings and requires further confirmation.Item Comparative evaluation of somatic & excretory-secretory antigens of Entamoeba histolytica in serodiagnosis of human amoebiasis by ELISA.(1996-07-01) Pal, S; Sengupta, K; Manna, B; Sarkar, S; Bhattacharya, S; Das, PThe excretory-secretory antigens collected from the axenic culture medium and conventional somatic antigen prepared from the whole trophozoites of E. histolytica were compared for their efficacy in serodiagnosis of amoebiasis. A total of 280 sera collected from different clinically proven cases of amoebiasis and healthy subjects were analysed against both the antigens in ELISA. Both antigens showed a 100 per cent correlation in amoebic liver abscess cases, patients infected with enteropathogens other than amoeba and healthy subjects. However, excretory-secretory antigens showed slightly higher detection rate in patients suffering from acute amoebic dysentery and asymptomatic cyst passers groups. These results clearly suggested the use of excretory-secretory antigens by ELISA for serodiagnosis of amoebiasis due to its better or equal sensitivity, specificity and easier preparation compare to conventional antigen. The use of excretory-secretory antigen in serodiagnosis will not only help in performing more tests utilizing the same chemicals, but also save the cost, time and troubles for importing the foreign chemicals required for cultivation of E. histolytica.Item Correlation of Helicobacter pylori virulence genotype & severity of mucosal inflammation in gastric biopsies from two geographically diverse regions in India(Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2022-09) Sharma, N; Das, P; Das, R; Mahant, S; Kalaivani, M; Yadav, R; Rajeshwari, M; Kedia, S; Makharia, GK; Saraya, A; Gupta, SD; Ahuja, V.Background: H. pylori-associated gastritis in patients from the high-altitude area of Ladakh showed severe gastritis, mucosal nodularity, atrophy, and cancer in comparison to those from North India. This study served to analyze if differences in the H. pylori virulence genotypes decide the extent of gastric mucosal inflammation. Methods: Fifty gastric biopsies each from patients with H. pylori-associated gastritis from Ladakh and a tertiary care center in North India were included. The presence of H. pylori strain was confirmed with Warthin starry stain and polymerase chain amplification of the H. pylori-specific 16S rRNA. The cagA, vacA s1, s2, and m1, m2 alleles, and dupA virulence genotypes were studied in all archival samples, followed by their histological correlations. Results: cagA (P 0.009) and vacAs1 m1 (P 0.009) genes were distinctly more in H. pylori strains colonizing the biopsies of North Indian patients. In contrast, the cagA -ve vacAs2 m2 strains were significantly more in H. pylori strain colonizing the biopsies from Ladakhi patients. dupA genotype was almost similarly present in strains from both regions. Among these, only cagA and dupA virulence genes were associated with severe mucosal neutrophilic activity and deep infiltration of H. pylori strains in North Indian patients. Conclusions: Differences in virulence genotypes of H. pylori in gastric biopsies from North Indian and Ladakhi patients were found not significant in deciding the severity of H. pylori-associated gastritis.Item A cross-sectional study on assessment of physical activity and dietary consumption pattern among geriatric population attending geriatric outpatient department of Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata(Mrs Dipika Charan of MedScience (India) Publications, 2023-02) Manna, N; Das, P; Marak, M; Das, S; Das, D.Background: A lot of comorbid conditions and health problems result from unhealthy dietary habit and sedentary lifestyle in all age group, but more among geriatric population. Due to progressive fragility, weakness, and comorbidities, there is gradual decrease in overall physical activity in elderly which again leads to different health problems and this vicious cycle is going on. There was scarcity of evidences related to dietary pattern and physical activity of elderly population particularly in West Bengal. Aim and Objectives: The present study was conducted for estimating the physical activity level of the study participants and to determine its relationship with the sociodemographic profile and dietary consumption pattern. Materials and Methods: Observational descriptive cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted in Geriatric Outpatient Department of Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, from August 1, 2022, to October 31, 2022, among 124 participants aged 60 years and above attended OPD in first 2 months of study period. IPAQ-SF questionnaire was used for assessment of physical activity. Analysis was done in Microsoft Excel and SPSS (version 20) software. Results: Larger proportion (52.4%) participants belonged to HEPA active (Category 3) according to physical activity status. Age of the participant, place of residence and socioeconomic status and consumption of green leafy vegetables, other vegetables, fruits, flesh food and egg, milk and milk products, and sugar and jaggery were significantly associated with physical activity. Conclusion: In the present study, significant proportion (32.3%) was minimally active which should be dealt properly. Physical activity should be promoted to all elder persons as a part of healthy lifestyle.Item A cross-sectional study to determine the cognitive impairment and depression among elderly in a rural area of West Bengal(Mrs Dipika Charan of MedScience (India) Publications, 2023-03) Manna, N; Bhadra, A; Panchanan, P; Das, P; Das, D.Background: The increase in worldwide life expectancy among the elderly is contributing to an increase in cognitive impairment (CI). A more complicated etiology makes CI an essential clinical concern for elderly patients with depression. Ageing populations as a result of demographic change have accelerated the development of certain geriatric conditions, including CI and depression. Aims and Objectives: The objective was to identify the prevalence and contributing factors of CI and depression in the elderly rural community. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, and community-based study was conducted in rural field practice area of Medical College, Kolkata, among 133 geriatric people during time period of March–June, 2022. The prevalence of CI was measured using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scale and depression was assessed using the geriatric depression scale. Data were analyzed in SPSS software version 16. Results: Mean age of the participants was 65.68 (±6.03) years. The prevalence of CI was 86.5%, with a mean MMSE score of 19.27 ± 4.34, and the depression was 77.5% and 7.07 ± 3.39. Conclusion: Almost two-third of the geriatric population is suffering from depression and CI. To handle the issue of CI, depression, and its resulting effects, new and modified geriatric health policies are very much needed.Item Cryptosporidium related diarrhoea.(1996-07-01) Das, PCryptosporidium is an apicomplexan parasite which causes self limited diarrhoea in immuno-competent persons and severe life threatening disease in immuno-compromised individuals, particularly, to patients suffering from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Because of increased incidence of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), the protozoan parasite has found the human host to be ideal for perpetuation and propagation, resulting in a natural amplification of this parasite. Much less is known about Cryptosporidium in India, although, it is clear that this parasite is going to be a major enteric pathogen in coming years, considering the increasing number of HIV cases that are being reported in this country. This presentation reviews the current advances in our knowledge about the clinical significance, epidemiology and treatment of cryptosporidiosis.Item Daptomycin as a promising antimicrobial agent for the treatment of serious infections caused by resistant gram-positive organisms.(2014-07) Tarai, B; Das, P; Kumar, DItem Diurnal man-biting activity of Armigeres subalbatus (Coquillett, 1898) in a village in West Bengal.(1983-12-01) Das, P; Bhattacharya, S; Chakraborty, S; Palit, A; Das, S; Ghosh, K K; Hati, A KItem Dual culture method to determine the relationship of gut bacteria of sandfly (Phlebotomus argentipes) with promastigotes of Leishmania donovani.(2008-06-24) Muniaraj, M; Dinesh, D S; Sinha, P K; Das, P; Bhattacharya, S KA simple dual culture agar plating technique has been developed and evaluated for its efficiency in determining the relationship of gut bacteria of sandfly with Leishmania donovani promastigotes. There are about twenty morphologically distinct bacterial colonies have been isolated from the gut homogenate of Phlebotomus argentipes. In dual culture method, each bacterial isolate was inoculated in one half of the plate and the promastigotes of Leishmania was inculcated in the other half by streaking. After incubation, the type of association was determined based on the presence or absence of promastigotes colonies. The reliability of this method was compared with broth dilution method in 96 well plate.Item Duodenal mucosal immune cells in treatment-naive adult patients with celiac disease having different histological grades and controls(Indian Association of Pathologists and Microbiologists, 2019-09) S.Gahlot, GP; Das, P; Baloda, V; Singh, A; Vishnubhatla, S; Gupta, SD; Makharia, GKBackground: It is hypothesized that the duodenal mucosal damage in patients with celiac disease (CeD) is caused by the mucosa-infiltrating lymphoid cells. This study aimed to analyze the immune effective and regulatory T (Treg) cells in duodenal biopsies from treatment-naive adult patients with CeD having different histological grades and controls. Patients and Methods: Dual-color immunohistochemical staining was done in a total of 234 duodenal biopsies, including 132 controls and 102 adult patients with CeD using CD20, CD3:CD4, CD3:CD8, CD4:FoxP3, CD8:FoxP3, and TCR??:TCR?? antibodies. The density of these lymphoid cells in lamina propria and mucosal epithelium was compared between controls and CeD, with different modified Marsh grades. Results: Densities of CD4+ T cells in lamina propria and CD8+?? intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) were significantly more in biopsies from patients with CeD, than in controls. An increasing linear pattern of IELs, CD3+ T cells, and CD20+ B cells was observed with increasing grades of villous abnormalities. Although CD8+ FoxP3+ Treg cells were significantly more in biopsies from patients with CeD, there was no significant difference in CD4+ FoxP3+ Treg cell infiltrate between both the groups. Conclusion: Our finding in this observational study generates interest to study the local intestinal mucosal immunity in CeD in detail. A study to prove the failure of CD4+ FoxP3+ Treg cell recruitment in CeD and its direct functional impact may yield valuable information regarding loss of mucosal tolerance.Item Dyschondroplasia with haemangiomata (Maffucci's syndrome).(1976-10-01) Das, P; Gupta, S C; Keshwani, N KItem Effect of excess transfusion and some vasoactive drugs on experimental irreversible haemorrhagic shock.(1971-06-01) Das, P; Misra, T