Browsing by Author "Das, P K"

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    An allele specific PCR assay for screening for drug resistance among Wuchereria bancrofti populations in India.
    (2009-08) Hoti, S L; Dhamodharan, R; Subramaniyan, K; Das, P K
    Background & objectives: Albendazole, a commonly used anthelminthic drug that targets the polymerization of α- and β-tubulin dimer is currently co-administered with the antifilarial drug, diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC) in the ongoing Global Programme for Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF). The experience in veterinary field has shown that there can be a rapid development of resistance to this drug, which therefore, needs to be monitored regularly in GPELF. Hence, we investigated the nucleotide polymorphism in the albendazole-binding domain of the isotype 1 β-tubulin gene from several populations of Wuchereria bancrofti and developed an AS-PCR assay useful in screening for sensitive/resistance alleles among parasite populations and also evaluated its utility. Methods: For studying the polymorphism of isotype 1 β-tubulin gene, a 475 bp fragment spanning exon 5 and 6 of the gene was amplified and sequenced from the genomic DNA of W. bancrofti collected from six geographic regions of India. An allele specific (AS) PCR for screening albendazole sensitivity/resistance was developed and a total of 55 mf samples from blood smears on slides collected from Thiruvannamalai, Thanjavur and Puducherry were screened. Selective therapy with DEC was in place in three areas, mass drug administration (MDA) with DEC alone was implemented in four areas, while DEC plus albendazole was administered in one district. Results: The analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the fragment from 20 W. bancrofti populations showed the domain to be highly conserved. An allele-specific PCR assay developed was used to detect sensitive/ resistance alleles among 55 isolates of W. bancrofti and no albendazole resistance alleles were detected among the populations tested. Interpretation & conclusion: The drug-binding domain of isotype 1 β-tubulin gene of W. bancrofti from different geographical locations was highly conserved. The AS-PCR developed showed potential application as a tool for monitoring albendazole sensitivity/resistance alleles among W. bancrofti populations, in areas where combination therapy of DEC-albendazole is being mass administered in the LF elimination programme.
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    Alpha-adrenoceptors in the rabbit intestine and aorta.
    (1981-10-01) Jagadeesh, G; Das, P K
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    Alveolar-capillary block.
    (1966-05-01) Das, P K
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    Anabolic steroids.
    (1968-01-16) Das, P K
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    The Anaesthetic Potency of Intrathecally Administered Levobupivacaine and Racemic Bupivacaine: A Hospital-Based Study
    (Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine & Sciences, 2018-04) Upadhyay, Manoj Kumar; Agarwal, Anurag; Dhama, Vipin; Das, P K; Malviya, Deepak
    Background: Lower limb surgeries are often performed under spinal anesthesia. The conventional anesthetic method for lower limb surgeries is caudal epidural block. The currently available local anesthetic for this purpose is Bupivacaine which has long duration of action of around 6-12 hour. Methods: 60 adult cases ranging in age from 20 to 60 years with ASA Grade I and II requiring elective lower limb surgery under epidural anesthesia were selected for this prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Results: 60 adult cases ranging in age from 20 to 60 years with ASA Grade I and II, requiring elective gynecological surgery under epidural anesthesia were selected for this study. Cases were randomly allocated into two groups containing 20 cases each. Cases in Group B received Bupivacaine 0.25% and those in Group T received Tramadol 100mg. Conclusion: Current study concluded that both intrathecally administered levobupivacaine and racemic bupivacaine are safe and effective local anaesthetics for lower limb surgeries. Overall parameters observed in this study showed no significant difference between the two forms of the same drug. However, intrathecal levobupivacaine produces less toxicity.
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    Anopheline fauna of Koraput district, Orissa state, with particular reference to transmission of malaria.
    (1989-09-01) Gunasekaran, K; Sahu, S S; Parida, S K; Sadanandane, C; Jambulingam, P; Das, P K
    The anopheline fauna was surveyed in Koraput district of Orissa, which is highly malarious. A total of 62,086 anophelines belonging to 22 species and two varieties were collected, including eight species of anophelines which are recognized malarial vectors in India. Anopheles sergenti, A. pulcherrimus, A. jeyporiensis var candidiensis and A. annularis var adiei was recorded for the first time in this area. A total of 24154 mosquitoes were dissected and 18 mosquitoes belonging to four species, A. fluviatilis. A. annularis, A. culicifacies and A. aconitus were found with the gut/gland infection.
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    Anti-inflammatory activity of Semecarpus anacardium Linn. A preliminary study.
    (1969-01-01) Satyavati, G V; Prasad, D N; Das, P K; Singh, H D
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    Antibody induced agglutination of galactocerebroside liposomes.
    (1982-07-01) Sarkar, D P; Das, P K; Das, M K
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    Antihistaminic activity of synthetic quinoline derivatives.
    (1971-04-01) Raina, M K; Das, P K
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    Antimalarial activity of 4,4'-bis-dimethylaminodiphenyl sulfone.
    (1987-10-01) Chandra, S; Patnaik, G K; Saxena, M; Saxena, A K; Das, P K
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    Antispasmodic activity of the tertiary base of Daucus carota, Linn. seeds.
    (1979-07-01) Gambhir, S S; Sen, S P; Sanyal, A K; Das, P K
    A nitrogen containing base responding to Mayer's test and Dragendorff's reagent for tertiary bases has been isolated from the seeds of Daucus carota Linn. The effects of the base as its bromide have been studied on smooth muscles of ileum, uterus, blood vessels and trachea of different species of animals. The tertiary base has been found to have papaverine like nonspecific smooth muscle relaxant and spasmolytic activity, but its activity was found to be about one-tenth of that of papaverine.
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    Beta-adrenoceptors in intestine, atria and trachea of rabbit.
    (1982-02-01) Jagadeesh, G; Das, P K
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    Biochemical studies of some mosquitoes in relation to development of Wuchereria bancrofti.
    (1981-01-01) Balaraman, K; Das, P K; Rajagopalan, P K
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    Bioefficacy of mosquito mat, coil and dispenser formulations containing allethrin group of synthetic pyrethroids against mosquito vectors.
    (1996-06-01) Amalraj, D D; Sivagnaname, N; Boopathidoss, P S; Das, P K
    The bioefficacy of mats, coils and dispensers containing allethrin group of synthetic pyrethroids was studied against laboratory strains of Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi. Except esbiothrin in the mat formulation which was 100 and 178 times more effective against Cx. quinquefasciatus than against Ae. aegypti and An. stephensi with KT50 of 0.005, 0.5 and 0.89 min. respectively, all the three allethrins in mat or coil formulations were equally effective against the three vector mosquitoes. When compared to mat formulations of d-allethrin and bioallethrin, mat formulation of esbiothrin was 156 and 144 times more effective against Cx. quinquefasciatus. It was 162 times more effective against Cx. quinquefasciatus than in the coil formulation. Dispenser containing d-allethrin was the least effective against Cx. quinquefasciatus (KT50: 2.65 min.) and Ae. aegypti (KT50: 4.68 min.) but as effective as coil against An. stephensi. When mat and dispenser heated or coil burnt continuously for 10 hours the knockdown was consistently above 60% in all the three vector species but mortality was not consistently > 60% in Ae. aegypti. Repellent effect of the formulations ranged from 0.0 to 80.3%, 0 to 57.3% and 59.2 to 78.3% against Cx. quinquefasciatus Ae. aegypti and An. stephensi respectively. Repellency was more against An. stephensi than against the other two species. Mats and coils deterred > 50% of the mosquitoes from feeding on the chicken (range: 50 to 99.52%) but in case of dispenser the effect was only 14.72 to 65.01%. The use of these formulations as a control tools in reducing man-vector contact is discussed.
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    Biological control of malaria vectors.
    (1997-08-01) Das, P K; Amalraj, D D
    A comprehensive review is presented of the potentiality of biocontrol agents viz. entomophagus bacteria (Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis and Bacillus sphaericus), fungi, microsporidians, predators and parasites against malaria vectors in the field condition. Unlike insecticides, these control agents are host specific and safer to the environment. However, barring fishes which are being used in certain situations, other biocontrol agents have not yet reached the operational stage. Two spore forming bacteria B. thuringiensis var. israelensis and B. sphaericus have been extensively tested against malaria vectors in the field. Though they are effective in suppressing anopheline larval population, their recycling capacity and availability of toxin hearing spores on the water surface are limited. Therefore, there is a need for developing improved formulations through bio-engineering techniques for enhancing their residual activity and availability of spores for anopheline larvae which feed mostly on the water surface. The biocontrol potentiality of other agents in the field condition is yet to be explored fully. The use of biocontrol agents for malaria control also poses certain operational constraints in view of the vastness of the anopheline breeding habitats and less acceptance for their use in domestic environments. However, there is a scope for using these biocontrol agents in conjunction with other control methods in integrated control programmes.
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    Bone marrow depression due to chloramphenicol.
    (1967-03-01) Das, P K; Chatterjee, S C
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    Brain tumor and Gliadel wafer treatment.
    (2011-01) Panigrahi, M; Das, P K; Parikh, P M
    Glioblastoma is a rapidly progressive and extremely fatal form of brain tumor with poor prognosis. It is the most common type of primary brain tumor. Even with the most aggressive conventional treatment that comprises surgery followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy, most patients die within a year of diagnosis. Developments in molecular and cell biology have led to better understanding of tumor development, leading to novel treatment strategies including biological therapy and immunotherapy to combat the deadly disease. Targeted drug delivery strategies to circumvent the blood-brain barrier have shown efficiency in clinical trials. Gliadel wafer is a new approach to the treatment of glioblastoma, which involves controlled release delivery of carmustine from biodegradable polymer wafers. It has shown promising results and provides a silver lining for glioblastoma patients.
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    Breeding of Aedes aegypti in closed septic tanks.
    (1983-05-01) Babu, C J; Panicker, K N; Das, P K
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    Cannibalism and carnivory in Toxorhynchites splendens (Diptera: Culicidae).
    (1992-09-01) Amalraj, D D; Das, P K
    Laboratory reared larvae of Toxorhynchites splendens, which were previously starved for 24 hours, cannibalized eggs of their own kind or preyed upon the eggs of other species (Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi) present on the surface of water in small containers. Second and third instars consumed eggs faster than first and fourth instars. The first instar consumed larvae of its own kind faster than the other instars, in the absence of other prey. However, when prey larvae were provided, there was a significant fall in the rate of cannibalism.