IMSEAR Repository :: Browsing by Author "Das, Anthony Vipin"

Browsing by Author "Das, Anthony Vipin"

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Clinical profile and demographic distribution of Fuchs’ endothelial dystrophy: An electronic medical record–driven big data analytics from an eye care network in India
(All India Ophthalmological Society, 2022-07) Das, Anthony Vipin; Chaurasia, Sunita
Purpose: To describe the demographics and clinical profile of Fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) in patients presenting to a multi?tiered ophthalmology hospital network in India. Methods: This cross?sectional hospital?based study included 3,082,727 new patients presenting between August 2010 and December 2021. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of FECD in at least one eye were included as cases. The data were collected using an electronic medical record system. Results: Overall, 2570 (0.08%) patients were diagnosed with FECD. The majority of the patients were female (65.53%) and were predominantly adults (99.92%). The most common age group at presentation was during the seventh decade of life with 867 patients (33.74%). The overall prevalence was higher in patients from a higher socioeconomic status (0.1%) presenting from the urban geography (0.09%) and in retired individuals (0.4%). About half of the 5,140 eyes had mild or no visual impairment (< 20/70) in 2643 eyes (51.42%) followed by moderate visual impairment (>20/70 to 20/200) in 708 eyes (13.77%). The average logMAR was 0.61 ± 0.81 at presentation. The most documented corneal signs were guttae (76.63%), corneal scar (23%) and stromal edema (21.73%). The most associated ocular comorbidity was cataract (47.32%) followed by glaucoma (5.39%). More than a tenth of the affected eyes required a surgical intervention of endothelial keratoplasty (15.58%). Conclusion: FECD more commonly affects females presenting during the seventh decade of life. Majority of the eyes had mild or no visual impairment and endothelial keratoplasty is warranted in a tenth of the affected eyes
Clinical profile and demographic distribution of pseudoexfoliation syndrome: An electronic medical record-driven big data analytics from an eye care network in India
(All India Ophthalmological Society, 2023-07) Warjri, Gazella Bruce; Das, Anthony Vipin; Senthil, Sirisha
Purpose: To describe the demographics and clinical profile of pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXF or PES) in patients presenting to a multi?tier ophthalmology hospital network in India. Methods: This cross?sectional hospital?based study included 3,082,727 new patients presenting between August 2010 and December 2021. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of PXF in at least one eye were included as cases. The data were collected using an electronic medical record system. Results: Overall, 23,223 (0.75%) patients were diagnosed with PXF. The majority of the patients were male (67.08%) and had unilateral (60.96%) affliction. The most common age group at presentation was during the seventh decade of life with 9,495 (40.89%) patients. The overall prevalence was higher in patients from a lower socio?economic status (1.48%) presenting from the urban geography (0.84%) and in retired individuals (3.61%). The most common location of the PXF material was the pupillary margin (81.01%) followed by the iris (19.15%). The majority of the eyes had mild or no visual impairment (<20/70) in 12,962 (40.14%) eyes. PXF glaucoma was documented in 7,954 (24.63%) eyes. Krukenberg’s spindle was found in 64 (0.20%) eyes, phacodonesis in 328 (1.02%) eyes, and lens subluxation in 299 (0.93%) eyes. Among the surgical interventions, cataract surgery was performed in 8,363 (25.9%) eyes, trabeculectomy was performed in 966 (2.99%) eyes, and a combined procedure in 822 (2.55%) eyes. Conclusion: PXF more commonly affects males presenting during the seventh decade of life from lower socio?economic status and is predominantly unilateral. A quarter of the affected eyes are associated with glaucoma and the majority of the eyes have mild or no visual impairment.
Clinical profile, demographic distribution, and outcomes of ocular siderosis: Electronic medical record–driven big data analytics from an eye care network in India
(All India Ophthalmological Society, 2023-02) Parameswarappa, Deepika C; Das, Anthony Vipin; Venugopal, Ragukumar; Karad, Madhuri; Tyagi, Mudit
Purpose: To describe the demographics, clinical profile, and outcomes of ocular siderosis in patients presenting to a multi?tier ophthalmology hospital network in India. Methods: This cross?sectional and hospital?based study included 3,082,727 new patients who presented between August 2010 and December 2021. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of ocular siderosis in at least one eye were included. Results: Overall, 58 eyes of 57 patients (0.002%) were diagnosed with ocular siderosis. The majority were men (96.49%) and had unilateral (98.25%) affliction. The most common age group at presentation was during the third decade of life with 24 patients (42.11%). A clear history of ocular trauma was documented in 47 patients (81.03%). Major clinical signs included corneal pigment deposition in nearly half of the eyes (27/58 eyes, 46.55%), corneal scar (20/58 eyes, 34.48%), cataract (22/58 eyes, 37.93%) and retinal detachment (11/58 eyes, 18.96%). The intraocular foreign body (IOFB) was anatomically localized in a majority of the eyes (i.e., 45/58 eyes, 77.59%). The most common location of the IOFB was in the posterior segment (22/58 eyes, 37.93%). The eyes that underwent a vitreoretinal surgery with removal of IOFB had a slightly better BCVA (1.0 ± 1.01) when compared to eyes with non?removal of IOFB (1.58 ± 1.00). Conclusion: Ocular siderosis is a rare sight?threatening entity, with half of the affected eyes exhibiting severe visual impairment. Majority of the eyes in ocular siderosis will have a detectable IOFB. Surgical removal of IOFB may lead to a better visual gain when compared to non?removal.
Clinico-demographic profile and visual outcomes of pseudophakic bullous keratopathy in a multi-tier eyecare network in India
(Wolters Kluwer – Medknow, 2025-03) Das, Anthony Vipin; Kaup, Soujanya; Das, Sujata
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to present the clinico?demographic characteristics of pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK), its visual outcomes, factors associated with the choice of treatment, and poor visual outcomes of PBK. Methods: In this hospital?based retrospective study, electronic medical records data of new patients who presented to a multi?tier ophthalmology hospital network in India (November 2010–June 2022) were extracted. Patients with at least 4 weeks of follow?up were analyzed for visual outcome data. Bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to determine the factors associated with the treatment choice and poor visual outcomes. Results: Of the 3,323,247 electronic records (with an average follow?up of 293 days) examined, 10,522 eyes of 10,158 patients (0.3%) had PBK. The majority were managed non?surgically (n = 7372; 70.1%), with increased odds of poor visual outcome by 3.46 times (AdjOR: 3.04–3.92, P < 0.001). Those belonging to the non?paying category had higher odds of poor visual outcome (AdjOR: 1.48, 95%CI: 1.29–1.69; P < 0.001). Surgical management improved vision by 0.72 logMAR (95%CI: 0.60–0.73; P < 0.001). A total of 41.2% (n = 113/274) of cases that underwent Descemet’s membrane endothelial keratoplasty and 18.4% (n = 285/1551) of Descemet’s stripping endothelial keratoplasty attained last follow?up visual acuity (LVA) of 6/18 or better. Conclusion: About three in every thousand patients had PBK. Surgical interventions improved visual acuity significantly. About four in ten patients who underwent DMEK attained a vision of 6/18 or better at the last follow?up visit. Markers of lower socioeconomic strata were independently associated with poor visual outcomes.
Consanguinity and ocular disorders in India: Electronic medical records driven big data analytics
(All India Ophthalmological Society, 2022-07) Rauniyar, Divya; Das, Anthony Vipin
Purpose: To describe the distribution of ocular disorders in patients with a family history of consanguinity presenting to a multi?tier ophthalmology hospital network in India. Methods: This cross?sectional hospital?based study included 2,805,267 new patients presenting between August 2010 and April 2021. Patients with a family history of consanguinity were included as cases. The sociodemographic and clinical data were collected using an electronic medical record system. Results: Overall, 20,445 (0.73%) new patients were documented to have a family history of consanguinity. The prevalence rates were 4.04% in children (age: <16 years) and 0.21% in adults. The mean age of the patients was 11.87 ± 11.06 years. The majority of the patients were males (56.48%) and students (54.43%) by profession. The majority (93.05%) of the patients were in the 0–30?years age bracket, with over half of them (53.71%) presenting in the first decade of life. A significant number of patients were from higher socioeconomic status (73.48%) and the rural region (47.62%). The most common degree of consanguinity documented was second degree (3.95%). The most common ocular disorders associated with a high proportion of consanguinity were congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED) (100%), corneal macular dystrophy (83.78%), xeroderma pigmentosum (80.95%), and ocular albinism (73.59%). A tenth of the patients (9.8%) reported a similar history of ocular disorders among the family members and more commonly among the siblings (70.4%). Conclusion: Consanguineous marriages are not uncommon in India. They cause ocular disorders that cause visual impairment in a significant majority of those affected in their early decades of life. Genetic counseling plays a role in prevention.
Demographic profile and clinical characteristics of patients presenting with acute ocular burns
(All India Ophthalmological Society, 2023-07) Kate, Anahita; Sharma, Supriya; Yathish, S; Das, Anthony Vipin; Malepati, Nikhila; Donthineni, Pragnya R; Basu, Sayan; D’Souza, Sharon; Shanbhag, Swapna S
Purpose: To study and compare the demographic and clinical profile of acute ocular burns (AOB) in children and adults. Methods: This retrospective case series included 271 children (338 eyes) and 1300 adults (1809 eyes) who presented to two tertiary eye care centers within one month of sustaining AOB. Data regarding demographics, causative agents, severity of injury, visual acuity (VA), and treatment were collected and analyzed. Results: Males were more commonly affected particularly among adults (81% versus 64%, P < 0.00001). Among children, 79% sustained domestic injuries, whereas 59% of adults had work?place injuries (P < 0.0001). Most cases were due to alkali (38%) and acids (22%). Edible lime (chuna, 32%), superglue (14%), and firecrackers (12%) in children, and chuna (7%), insecticides, lye, superglue (6% each), toilet cleaner (4%) and battery acid (3%) in adults, were the main causative agents. The percentage of cases with Dua grade IV?VI was greater in children (16% versus 9%; P = 0.0001). Amniotic membrane grafting and/or tarsorrhaphy were needed in 36% and 14% of affected eyes in children and adults, respectively (P < 0.00001). The median presenting VA was logMAR 0.5 in children and logMAR 0.3 in adults (P = 0.0001), which improved significantly with treatment in both groups (P < 0.0001), but the final VA in eyes with Dua grade IV?VI burns was poorer in children (logMAR 1.3 versus logMAR 0.8, P = 0.04). Conclusion: The findings clearly delineate the at?risk groups, causative agents, clinical severity, and treatment outcomes of AOB. Increased awareness and data?driven targeted preventive strategies are needed to reduce the avoidable ocular morbidity in AOB
Dry eye disease and risk factors for corneal complications in chronic ocular graft-versus-host disease
(All India Ophthalmological Society, 2023-04) Kate, Anahita; Singh, Swati; Das, Anthony Vipin; Basu, Sayan
Purpose: The current study was carried out to evaluate the clinical features and management outcomes of dry eye disease (DED) in chronic ocular GvHD following allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Methods: A retrospective review of consecutive patients diagnosed with chronic ocular GvHD between 2011 and 2020 was performed at a tertiary eye care network. Multi?variate regression analysis was carried out for identifying risk factors associated with progressive disease. Results: A total of 34 patients (68 eyes) with a median age of 33 years [inter?quartile range (IQR) 23–40.5] were studied. The most common indication for HSCT was acute lymphocytic leukemia (26%). Ocular GvHD developed at a median of 2 years (IQR 1–5.5 years) after HSCT. Aqueous tear deficiency was present in 71% of the eyes, of which 84% had a Schirmer value of <5 mm. The median visual acuity at presentation and that after a median follow? up of 6.9 months were comparable at 0.1 log minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) (P = 0.97). Topical immunosuppression was required in 88% of cases, and with this, improvement in corneal (53%, P = 0.003) and conjunctival staining scores (45%, P = 0.43) was noted. A progressive disease was present in 32% with persistent epithelial defects being the most common complication. Grade 2 conjunctival hyperemia [odds ratio (OR): 2.6; P = 0.01] and Schirmer’s value <5 mm (OR: 2.7; P = 0.03) were found to be associated with progressive disease. Conclusion: Aqueous deficient DED is the most common ocular manifestation of chronic ocular GvHD, and the risk of the disease progression is greater in eyes with conjunctival hyperemia and severe aqueous deficiency. Awareness among ophthalmologists of this entity is essential for its timely detection and optimal management.
Hemi-retinal vein occlusion: Characterizing a rare retinal vasculopathy
(Wolters Kluwer – Medknow, 2024-06) Kadam, Yogita; Thaku, Pratima; Das, Anthony Vipin; Narayanan, Raja; Senthil, Sirisha; Takkar, Brijesh
Purpose: To characterize hemi?retinal vein occlusion (HRVO) in patients presenting to a multi?tier ophthalmology hospital network. Methods: This retrospective, hospital?based study analyzed 2,834,616 new patients between August 2010 and June 2021. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of HRVO in at least one eye were included as cases. Data were collected using an electronic medical record system. Data were compared to the findings noted in branch RVO (BRVO) and central RVO (CRVO) patients. Results: HRVO constituted 0.9% (n = 191) of all the retinal vein occlusions (RVOs), with the mean age being 60.55 ± 10.14 years. Most patients were male (125, 65.45%) with unilateral (92.67%) affliction. Majority presented during the sixth (31.41%) or seventh (32.46%) decade of life. Most patients reported mild (37.07%) or moderate (27.32%) visual impairment, with vision < 20/200 being less common in HRVO (25.8%) and BRVO (17.2%) compared to CRVO (44.1%) (P < 0.00001). Glaucoma was diagnosed and treated in 49 (23.90%) eyes, which was much higher than CRVO (11.45%) and BRVO (5.04%) (P < 0.001), though neovascular glaucoma was much less than CRVO (2.9% vs. 9.2%) (P = 0.0037). On follow?up, HRVO eyes (12.2%) had lesser vision loss compared to CRVO eyes (13.7%) (this difference does not look very significant to me), though BRVO had the least (9.1%) vision loss. Conclusion: HRVO is a rare RVO, presenting more in males. It causes less?severe visual impairment compared to CRVO. Large majority of patients with HRVO do not have identifiable systemic risk factors other than age. Preexisting glaucoma was more associated with HRVO compared to other RVOs.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the trends in corneal donor mortality data from Eye Bank records in India
(All India Ophthalmological Society, 2022-09) Das, Anthony Vipin; Kommu, Deepti Raj; Chilukuri, Raviteja; Chilukuri, Harihar; Chaurasia, Sunita
Purpose: To describe the causes and trends of corneal donor mortality from eye bank data in India during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID?19) pandemic. Methods: This retrospective eye bank?based study included 13,529 donors who donated their cornea between January 2018 and December 2021. Donors in whom the cause of mortality was documented were included as cases. The data were collected from the eye bank records. Results: Overall, 13,529 corneal donors were included in the study. Most of the donors were males (69.71%). The mean age of the donors was 51.55 ± 20.54 years, whereas the median age was 51 (inter?quartile range: 35–68) years. The mean age of males (49.3 ± 19.47 years) was lesser than the mean age of females (56.72 ± 21.94 years) at the time of donation. The most common age group at the time of donation was during the sixth decade of life with 2,139 (15.81%) donors. The mean age of the donors decreased by a decade from 54.95 ± 20.51 years in 2018 to 44.35 ± 18.88 years in 2021. The most common cause of donor mortality was cardio?respiratory arrest in 5,190 (38.36%) donors and trauma in 3,469 (25.64%) donors, followed by suicide in 2,790 (20.62%) donors. The trend of cardio?respiratory arrest decreased from 53.01% to 9.5% (p = <0.00001), whereas the trends of trauma increased from 21.93% to 36% (p = <0.00001) and suicide increased from 12.71% to 36.41% (p = <0.00001) between 2018 and 2021. Conclusion: Corneal donors are more commonly males in their sixth decade of life. The most common cause of donor mortality was related to cardio?respiratory arrest with a concerning rising trend in suicide cases over the years seen significantly during the pandemic
LV Prasad Eye Institute EyeSmart electronic medical record-based analytics of big data: LEAD-Uveitis Report 1: Demographics and clinical features of uveitis in a multi-tier hospital based network in Southern India
(All India Ophthalmological Society, 2022-04) Tyagi, Mudit; Das, Anthony Vipin; Kaza, Hrishikesh; Basu, Soumyava; Pappuru, Rajeev R; Pathengay, Avinash; Murthy, Somasheila; Agrawal, Hitesh
Purpose: To describe the demographics and epidemiology of uveitis presenting to a multi?tier ophthalmology hospital network in Southern India. Methods: Cross?sectional hospital?based study of 19,352 patients with uveitis presenting between March 2012 and August 2018. Results: In total, 1,734,272 new patients were seen across the secondary and tertiary centers of our multi?tier ophthalmology hospital network during the study period. Among them, 25,353 eyes of 19,352 patients were diagnosed with uveitis and were included in the study. Uveitis constituted 1.11% of all cases. The majority of patients were male (60.33%) and had unilateral (68.09%) affliction. The most common age group was 21� years with 12,204 (63.06%) patients. The most common type of uveitis was anterior uveitis, which was seen in 7380 (38.14%) patients, followed by posterior uveitis in 5397 (23.89%) patients. Among the infectious causes, tuberculosis was the most common etiology (2551 patients, 13%) followed by toxoplasmosis (1147 patients, 6%). Conclusion: Uveitis constituted 1.11% of all cases presenting to our clinics. It was more common in the age group of 21� and was predominantly unilateral. Anterior uveitis was the most common subtype seen in 38%.
The prediction capability of a cataract surgery risk stratification model based on a large electronic medical record dataset
(All India Ophthalmological Society, 2022-11) Eckert, Kristen A; Carter, Marissa J; Das, Anthony Vipin; Lansingh, Van C
Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a risk stratification system that predicts visual outcomes (uncorrected corrected visual acuity at one week and five weeks postoperative) in patients undergoing cataract surgery. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis in a multitier ophthalmology network. Data from all patients who underwent phacoemulsification or manual small-incision cataract surgery between January 2018 and December 2019 were retrieved from an electronic medical record system. There were 122,911 records; 114,172 (92.9%) had complete data included. Logistic regression analyzed unsatisfactory postoperative outcomes using a main effects model only. The final model was cross-checked using forward stepwise selection. The Hosmer朙emeshow goodness of fit test, the Bayesian information criterion, and Nagelkerke抯 R2 assessed model fit. Dispersion was calculated from deviance and degrees of freedom and C-stat from receiving operating characteristics analysis. Results: The final phacoemulsification model (n = 48,169) had a dispersion of 1.08 with a Hosmer朙emeshow goodness of fit of 0.20, a Nagelkerke R2 of 0.19, and a C-stat of 0.72. The final manual small-incision cataract surgery model (n = 66,003) had a dispersion of 1.05 with a Hosmer朙emeshow goodness of fit of 0.00015, a Nagelkerke R2 of 0.14, and a C-stat of 0.68. Conclusion: The phacoemulsification model had reasonable model fit; the manual small-incision cataract surgery model had poor fit and was likely missing variables. The predictive capability of these models based on a large, real-world cataract surgical dataset was suboptimal to determine which patients could benefit most from sight-restoring surgery. Appropriate patient selection for cataract surgery in developing settings should still rely on clinician thought processes, intuition, and experience, with more complex cases allocated to more experienced surgeons
Presence of pseudoexfoliation-like material in young patients
(Wolters Kluwer – Medknow, 2025-05) Warjri, Gazella Bruce; Das, Anthony Vipin; Goyal, Yashas; Rao, Aparna; Senthil, Sirisha
Purpose: To describe the demographics and clinical profile of pseudoexfoliation?like (PXFL) material in young patients. Methods: In this cross?sectional, hospital?based study, the participants were children aged ?16 years who were observed to have PXFL material in at least one eye. The data of patients presenting between August 2010 and December 2021 were collected using an electronic medical record system and analyzed. Results: Seventy?five patients (87 eyes) aged ?16 years were observed to have PXFL material. Unilateral involvement was seen in 72.4% of the eyes. Moreover, 96.5% of the eyes had undergone an intraocular procedure, with 49.4% having undergone a single intraocular procedure and 50.5% multiple intraocular procedures. Appearance of the PXFL material was noted 260 (4–728) weeks after the primary surgery. Glaucoma was seen in 26.4% of the eyes. The most common location of the PXFL material was the pupillary margin (72.4%) followed by the rest of the iris (27.5%). Conclusion: Appearance of PXFL material in young patients has a close association with an intraocular procedure, with one?fourth of the cases having glaucoma. Stress should be laid on careful anterior segment examination of young patients who have undergone an intraocular procedure. The pathophysiology and prognosis are still unknown.
Retinitis pigmentosa in Usher syndrome in India: Electronic medical records driven big data analytics: Report III
(All India Ophthalmological Society, 2022-07) Parameswarappa, Deepika C; Das, Anthony Vipin; Doctor, Mariya Bashir; Natarajan, Ramya; Agarwal, Komal; Jalali, Subhadra
Purpose: To describe the clinical presentation and demographic distribution of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) in patients with Usher syndrome (USH). Methods: This is a cross?sectional observational hospital?based study including patients presenting between March 2012 and October 2020. In total, 401 patients with a clinical diagnosis of USH and RP in at least one eye were included as cases. The data were retrieved from the electronic medical record database. For better analysis, all 401 patients were reclassified into three subtypes (type 1, type 2, and type 3) based on the USH criteria. Results: In total, there were 401 patients with USH and RP, with a hospital?based prevalence rate of 0.02% or 2/10,000 population. Further, 353/401 patients were subclassified, with 121 patients in type 1, 146 patients in type 2, and 86 patients in the type 3 USH group. The median age at presentation was 27 years (IQR: 17.5–38) years. There were 246 (61.35%) males and 155 (38.65%) females. Males were more commonly affected in all three subtypes. Defective night vision was the predominant presenting feature in all types of USH (type 1: 43 (35.54%), type 2: 68 (46.58%), and type 3: 40 (46.51%) followed by defective peripheral vision. Patients with type 2 USH had more eyes with severe visual impairment. Conclusion: RP in USH is commonly bilateral and predominantly affects males in all subtypes. Patients with USH and RP will have more affection of peripheral vision than central vision. The key message of our study is early visual and hearing rehabilitation in USH patients with prompt referral to otolaryngologists from ophthalmologists and vice versa.
Socio-demographic distribution and clinical profile of exotropia in India: Electronic medical records-driven big data analytics report
(Wolters Kluwer – Medknow, 2025-05) Kulkarni, Sampada; Das, Anthony Vipin; Kekunnaya, Ramesh; Sachdeva, Virender; Warkad, Vivek
Purpose: To describe the demographics and clinical profile of exotropia from patient data obtained from a multi?tiered ophthalmology hospital network in India. Methods: This cross?sectional hospital?based study included the data of 2,664,906 patients presenting to the hospital network from August 1, 2010 to January 31, 2021. Data were collected using an electronic medical record system. Data were collected regarding demographics, age at presentation, vision assessment with complete ophthalmic evaluation, and strabismus assessment. Results: During this period, 31,333 (1.18%) patients were diagnosed with exotropia. There was an insignificant male predominance (54.68%) and a significant association with higher socioeconomic status (82.21%). The mean age of patients was 23 ± 19.66 years. However, most presented with exotropia in the first decade of life (10,904, 34.8%). Majority of the subjects with exotropia were students (16,109, 51.41%). Majority of (13,147, 41.96%) the patients were from rural areas. The most common type of exotropia was constant exotropia (12,106, 38.64%), followed by intermittent exotropia (11,574, 36.94%), secondary exotropia (4533, 14.47%), and congenital exotropia (1752, 5.59%). Associated pattern strabismus was seen in a minority (V?pattern: 457, 1.46%; A?pattern: 128, 0.41%) of patients. Extraocular muscle surgery was performed on 4477 (14.29%) patients. Conclusion: Exotropia was more common in males who presented to our hospital in their first decade of life. As this is the most crucial age for binocular vision and sensory development, early and timely screening by trained pediatric ophthalmologists is a must in schools. This analysis showed that only a tenth of the affected patients underwent surgical correction to treat exotropia.
Solar retinopathy in India: Clinical presentation and demographic distribution in 253 patients (349 eyes)
(All India Ophthalmological Society, 2023-05) Das, Anthony Vipin; Tyagi, Mudit; Kadam, Yogita; Belenje, Akash
Purpose: To describe the demographics, clinical characteristics, and presentation of solar retinopathy in patients who presented to a multi?tier ophthalmology hospital network in India. Methods: This cross?sectional, hospital?based study included 3,082,727 new patients presenting to the hospital between August 2010 and December 2021. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of solar retinopathy in at least one eye were included in the study. All the data was collected using an electronic medical record system. Results: Three hundred and forty?nine eyes of 253 (0.01%) patients were diagnosed with solar retinopathy and included in the study, and 157 patients (62.06%) had a unilateral affliction. Solar retinopathy was noted to be significantly more common in males (73.12%) and adults (98.81%). The most common age group at presentation was during the sixth decade of life with 56 (22.13%) patients. They were more commonly from the rural geography (41.9%). Among the 349 eyes, 275 (78.8%) eyes had mild or no visual impairment (<20/70), which was followed by moderate visual impairment (>20/70–20/200) found in 45 (12.89%) eyes. The most commonly associated ocular comorbidity was cataract in 48 (13.75%) eyes, followed by epiretinal membrane in 38 (10.89%) eyes. The most common retinal damage seen was interdigitation zone (IZ) disruption (38.68%), followed by inner segment–outer segment (IS–OS) disruption (33.52%). Foveal atrophy was seen in 105 (30.09%) eyes. Conclusion: Solar retinopathy is predominantly unilateral and is more common in males. It usually presents during the sixth decade of life and rarely causes significant visual impairment. The most common retinal damage seen was disruption of the outer retinal layers

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