Browsing by Author "Cherian, T"
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Item Acute respiratory infections in developing countries: current status and future directions.(1997-10-06) Cherian, TItem Bronchodilator therapy in bronchiolitis.(1999-05-23) Cherian, TItem Chronic lung disease following Stevens-Johnson syndrome.(1997-09-11) Basker, M; Cherian, T; Raghupathy, PItem Comparison of immunofluorescence & culture for the diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection.(1990-07-01) John, M; Cherian, T; Christuraj, S; John, T JIn 809 infants and children with acute respiratory infection, HEp-2 cells were used for the isolation of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and an indirect immunofluorescence technique (IIF) was used for the detection of RSV antigen in the epithelial cells of nasopharyngeal secretions. While RSV was detected in culture in only 87 subjects, IIF was positive for viral antigen in 158 subjects. In children with bronchiolitis and in those with pneumonia 57 and 19 per cent respectively, had evidence of RSV infection by culture or IIF. The frequency of virus antigen detection by IIF was above 90 per cent irrespective of the duration of symptoms before specimen collection. The frequency of virus isolation in culture was 86 per cent in children with less than 2 days duration of symptoms and 42 to 69 per cent in those with duration of symptoms of 2 days or more. However, this difference was not statistically significant. In conclusion, the IIF test was not only rapid, but also more sensitive for the detection of RSV infection than culture.Item Cutaneous malignant melanoma--clinical epidemiology and survival.(1998-01-28) Nair, M K; Varghese, C; Mahadevan, S; Cherian, T; Joseph, FMelanoma of the skin is rare in the Asian population. However, this malignancy results in a high mortality due to the inadequacies in the referral pattern and management. India is one of the low incidence regions of the world. Cancer registries in India report that the age specific incidence rates for cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) are less than 0.5 per 1,000,000. There are only few reports in the literature on CMM in the Asian population. The Regional Cancer Centre at Trivandrum registers about 6000 new cancer cases per year and CMM forms 0.5% of them. This paper presents the clinical epidemiology and survival of 79 cases of CMM registered in the hospital cancer registry during the period 1985-90. The peak age frequency was in the 7th decade. The male:female ratio was 1.6:1. All cases had undergone a surgical manipulation in a peripheral centre, before being referred to this centre. This has posed limitation in staging and in deciding the extends of surgical excision. The overall 5-year survival rate was 25.2% (95% confidence intervals, or, CI, 14%-38%). CMM in the low incidence regions may have a different aetiology and needs to be addressed in epidemiological studies.Item Decongestant balms and inhalers.(1998-07-27) Cherian, TItem Disseminated melioidosis.(1996-05-01) Cherian, T; John, T J; Ramakrishna, B; Lalitha, M K; Raghupathy, PItem An epidemic of dengue haemorrhagic fever & dengue shock syndrome in & around Vellore.(1994-08-01) Cherian, T; Ponnuraj, E; Kuruvilla, T; Kirubakaran, C; John, T J; Raghupathy, PThis report describes an epidemic of dengue haemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS) in the North Arcot Ambedkar district and the adjoining districts in Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. Nineteen children who fulfilled the clinical criteria for the diagnosis of DHF/DSS were admitted to the Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, during June through November, 1990. The clinical presentation was similar to that described in South-east Asian children and the case fatality rate was 26.3 per cent. Serology was confirmatory or suggestive of recent dengue virus infection in 16 children, uninterpretable in 2 and not consistent with recent dengue virus infection in 1 child. All children over 1 yr of age had very high antibody titres suggesting a secondary response whereas infants had lower titres consistent with primary response. The occurrence of recurrent epidemics in this region in the last few years with associated high case fatality emphasizes the urgent need for public health measures to curtail further epidemics.Item Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a case series.(2000-05-23) Mathew, L G; Cherian, T; Sudarshanam, A; Korah, I; Kumar, N K; Raghupathy, PItem Hepatitis B virus infection and pregnancy.(1999-11-04) Mishra, K; Cherian, TItem Hepatitis B virus infection.(1997-08-01) Cherian, T; John, T JItem Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (Kikuchi's disease) with aseptic meningitis.(1998-08-27) Mathew, L G; Cherian, T; Srivastava, V M; Raghupathy, PItem HIV and infant feeding: is breast the best?(2000-07-25) Cherian, TItem Immune response to measles, mumps & rubella vaccine at 9, 12 & 15 months of age.(1994-10-01) Singh, R; John, T J; Cherian, T; Raghupathy, PSeroconversion rates to measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) in children given MMR vaccine at 9, 12 and 15 months of age were assessed so as to recommend the optimum age for vaccination. A total of 164 infants were recruited, of whom 123 completed the study. Sera were tested pre-immunization and 4 wk after MMR vaccine, for the presence and titres of antibodies by the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). The pre-immunization results showed that levels of maternal antibody detectable by HI had disappeared by 9 months in all infants in the case of measles, but not in the case of mumps or rubella. Evidence for subclinical infection with the three viruses was found in 19 to 31 per cent of infants by 15 months of age. The responses to measles antigen by both HI test and ELISA were better (> 95%) at 12 or 15 months than at 9 months (80%). Vaccine failure was low at 12 or 15 months. The response to mumps antigen by HI antigen was also higher (92%) at 12 months than at 9 months (75%). Vaccine failure was less frequent at 12 months than at 9 months. The ELISA was found to be unreliable for mumps virus antibody testing. Rubella vaccine evoked good seroresponse (> 92%) at 9, 12 and 15 months, both by HI test and ELISA. Thus a better response to the MMR vaccine was obtained at or after 12 months of age than earlier. Hence, a dose of MMR may be given optimally at 12 months for children not previously immunized with measles vaccine. For those already given measles vaccine, the MMR may be given at 12 or 15 months.Item Immunogenicity of indigenous recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in infants following a 0, 1, 2-month vaccination schedule.(2000-01-04) Kumar, T S; Abraham, P; Raghuraman, S; Cherian, TItem Incidence of Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis in India.(2008-07-30) Minz, S; Balraj, V; Lalitha, M K; Murali, N; Cherian, T; Manoharan, G; Kadirvan, S; Joseph, A; Steinhoff, M CBACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Vaccine policy depends on locally relevant disease burden estimates. The incidence of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease is not well characterized in the South Asian region, home to 30 per cent of the world's children. There are limited data from prospective population incidence studies of Hib in Asia, and no data available from India. We therefore carried out this study to assess the burden of Hib meningitis in India. METHODS: A prospective surveillance study was carried out during 1997 and 1999 in hospitals for cases of Hib meningitis from 5 administrative areas of an Indian district (Vellore, Tamil Nadu) with 56,153 children under 5 yr of age, over a 24 month period RESULTS: Ninety seven cases of possible meningitis (> 10 WBC/microl in CSF) were reported, an annual incidence of 86 per 100,000 (95%CI 69 to 109) in 0-4 yr old children, and 357 per 100,000 in 0-11 month infants. Eighteen had proven bacterial meningitis, an annual incidence of 15.9 per 100,000. Eight CSF had Hib by culture or antigen testing, an annual incidence of 7.1 per 100,000 (95%CI 3.1 to 14.0) in children 0-59 months. In infants 0-11 months of age, the incidence of Hib meningitis was 32 per 100,000 (95%CI 16 to 67) and in the 0-23 month group it was 19 (95%CI 8 to 37). INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: Our data are the first minimal estimate of the incidence of Hib meningitis for Indian children. The observed incidence data are similar to European reports before Hib vaccine use, suggest substantial disease before 24 months of age, and provide data useful for policy regarding Hib immunization.Item Increasing cancer incidence in a tertiary care hospital in a developing country, India.(2015-01) Cherian, T; Mahadevan, P; Chandramathi, S; Govindan, J; Mathew, I LOBJECTIVE: Cancer is a major health problem in many countries including India. Since Cancer Registries are incomplete in India, only a few epidemiological studies have been done so far. The objective was to determine the leading causes of cancer in a tertiary care hospital and compare the incidences of different types of cancer with the incidences in India and developed countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An epidemiological study was done to collect data from pathology records of 1003 cancer cases during 6‑month period in the year 2010. The data was collected in a computer and the data was utilized to make tables and histograms. RESULTS: Of the 1003 cases, the leading cancer site was breast, followed by colon and rectum, lymph node and stomach. The leading cancer site for men was colon and rectum and for women was breast. CONCLUSION: Cancer incidence is now low in India, a developing country, compared to developed Western countries. However, some cancers, like breast and colon and rectum cancers are increasing every year. IMPACT: The findings of this study support that cancer incidence is increasing in India and more epidemiological studies are needed.Item An introduction to systematic reviews and the Cochrane collaboration.(1998-09-27) Cherian, TItem Lack of evidence for seroconversion to human immunodeficiency virus in recipients of anti-D immunoglobulin containing HIV antibody.(1990-03-01) Babu, P G; Cherian, T; Jairaj, P K; Jayakumari, H; John, T JTwenty nine Rh negative women who had received injections of anti-D (Rho) immunoglobulin preparations (from an Indian firm) contaminated with antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), were tested for seroconversion to HIV, 14-38 wk after injections. All 29 were negative for HIV antibody, indicating that infectious HIV or immunogenic concentrations of inactivated HIV were not present in the investigated immunoglobulin product.Item Langerhans cell histiocytosis involving the urinary bladder.(2000-08-22) Mathew, L G; Nair, S; Cherian, R A; Nair CN, M; Cherian, T