Browsing by Author "Bhatnagar, S"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 45
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Aggregative Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Shigella are associated with increasing duration of diarrhea.
    (1989-01-01) Bhan, M K; Sazawal, S; Raj, P; Bhandari, N; Kumar, R; Bhardwaj, Y; Shrivastava, R; Bhatnagar, S
    In order to relate etiology of diarrhea to the duration of the episode, a cohort of 452 children up to 36 months of age was visited once weekly at their households for 18 consecutive months to record diarrheal morbidity. Fecal specimens were obtained in 453 diarrheal episodes occurring in 354 children during this period. The common putative agents as single isolations associated with diarrhea were EA-AggEC (17.2%), ETEC (14.1%), EPEC (6.0%) and rotavirus (4.0%). The pathogens with higher median duration of diarrhea were Shigella (13.5; mean +/- SD 13.7 +/- 2.7), Salmonella (8.8: 15.3 +/- 4.5) and EA = AggEC (12.0: 15.1 +/- 1.8). Of 55 episodes with duration of greater than 14 days, the main pathogens isolated were EA-AggEC (32.7%), ETEC (9.0), Salmonella, G. lamblia (5.5% each) and Shigella (3.5%). These data provide a preliminary evidence to suggest that EA = AggEC may well be the main long sought microbial agent responsible for diarrhea of long duration.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Authors’ response
    (2016-06) Nair, V; Madan, H; Sofat, S; Ganguli, P; Jacob, M J; Datta, R; Bharadwaj, P; Sarkar, R S; Pandit, A J; Nityanand, S; Goel, P K; Garg, N; Gambhir, S; George, P V; Chandy, S; Mathews, V; George, O K; Talwar, K K; Bahl, A; Marwah, N; Bhatacharya, A; Bhargava, B; Airan, B; Mohanty, S; Patel, C D; Sharma, A; Bhatnagar, S; Mondal, A; Jose, J; Srivastava, A
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Authors’ responses.
    (2015-06) Khandelwal, D; Gupta, N; Mukherjee, A; Lodha, R; Singh, V; Grewal, H M; Bhatnagar, S; Singh, S; Kabra, S K; Delhi Pediatric TB Study Group
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Bacteriological profile of neonatal septicemia.
    (1987-11-01) Sharma, P P; Halder, D; Dutta, A K; Dutta, R; Bhatnagar, S; Bali, A; Kumari, S
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Bartter's syndrome in newborn treated with indomethacin.
    (1989-01-01) Daga, S R; Patole, S; Deokate, S; Bhatnagar, S
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Ceftibuten.
    (1999-09-01) Bhatnagar, S; Chandra, J
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Comparison between PEG 3350 and PEG 4000 for treatment of functional constipation in children aged 4 to 18 years
    (Medip Academy, 2025-04) Bhatnagar, S; Singh, L; Shamsi, S; Snigdha
    Background: Two molecular weight variants of PEG, viz. PEG 3350 and PEG 4000 are available commercially for treatment of functional constipation in children, however, relative efficacy of these two formulations has not yet been established. Hence, we compared the efficacy of PEG 3350 and PEG 4000 for treatment of functional constipation in children aged 4 to 18 years. Methods: A total of 90 children were enrolled in the study. The patients were randomized either to receive PEG 3350 (Group A) or PEG 4000 (Group B). Stool frequency and other associated outcomes were noted at baseline and at 4-, 12- and 24-weeks follow-up. Results: At baseline there was no significant difference between the two groups for patient and disease characteristics. Mean stool frequency was 2.98±0.50 and 2.96±0.47 respectively in Groups A and B at baseline; 5.04±0.56 and 5.18±0.75 at 4 weeks, 6.53±0.81 and 7.00±0.00 at 12 weeks and 7.00±0.00 and 7.00±0.00 respectively at 8 weeks in the corresponding groups. Statistically, there was no significant difference between the two groups at any time interval. For other outcomes too, there was no significant difference between the two groups at any follow-up interval except for stool consistency which attained significantly higher score in Group B as compared to Group A at week 4 follow-up (p=0.006). Incidence of diarrhea was also comparable between the two groups. Conclusions: Both PEG3350 and PEG4000 were equally safe and effective measures for treatment of functional constipation in children aged 4-18 years.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Comparison of sedation efficacy of intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine versus propofol in terms of opioid consumption in patients requiring postoperative mechanical ventilation after head and neck onco-surgeries � A randomized prospective study
    (Medknow Publications, 2024-03) Patel, A; Garg, R; Bharti, SJ; Kumar, V; Gupta, N; Mishra, S; Bhatnagar, S; Kumar, A
    Background: The conventional drug regimen of sedation for patients requiring mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit (ICU) is propofol or midazolam. Dexmedetomidine is a newer drug for sedation with a better clinical profile. We conducted this study to compare the sedative efficacy of dexmedetomidine versus propofol in patients after head and neck cancer surgeries requiring mechanical ventilation. Methods:After ethics committee approval and written informed consent, 80 patients undergoing head and neck onco?surgery were recruited. The patients were randomly allocated to group I[1 mg/kg of bolus propofol over 15minutes followed by infusion of 1 mg/kg/hour titrated by increasing or decreasing the infusion dose to Ramsay Sedation Score (RSS) 2� or group II (a loading dose of dexmedetomidine 1 mcg/kg over 15 minutes followed by a maintenance dose of 0.4 礸/kg/hour titrated to desired sedation level). The RSS, behavioral pain scale (BPS), heart rate, blood pressure, fentanyl consumption, additional sedative agent, extubation time, length of ICU stays, mechanical ventilation duration, side effects, and patient抯 satisfaction were noted. Results: Total fentanyl required was 0.56 � 0.13 礸/kg/hour in group II and 0.58 � 0.18 礸/kg/hour in group I(P = 0.75). Extubation time, RSS, BPS, patient satisfaction, and ICU duration were similar in both the groups. The incidence of hemodynamic?related adverse effects were 41.67% in group II and 11.11% in group I (P = 0.006). Conclusion: The fentanyl requirement was comparable in both the groups in the postoperative period. Dexmedetomidine was associated with an increased incidence of bradycardia and hypotension as compared to the propofol group. Propofol should be the preferred sedative for postoperative mechanical ventilation after head and neck onco?surgeries.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    A Comprehensive Approach to Manage Eriophyes prosopidis Mite induced Flower Galls in Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce
    (Ms. M. B. Mondal, 2023-11) Bhatnagar, S; Singh, S; Khan, AU; Sharma, N; Kumar, B.
    The Khejri tree (Prosopis cineraria), is a vital resource in the Thar Desert. Sangri, the name of its pods, is the key ingredient in the Rajasthani vegetable dishes Panchkutta and Trikuta. There is severe gall formation and significant pod reduction in P. cineraria caused by the eriophyid mite Eriophyes prosopidis. The gall-infested trees look unwell because they have a lot of disorganized and deformed green galls hanging from them. During the field trials of the present study, we found that the infestation of this mite can be managed by an integrated management approach. The mechanical removal of dried galls fallen on surface and lopping at an interval of one year can reduce the infestation considerably. Treatment with botanicals Putranjiva roxburgii (10%) leaf extract, Balanites aegyptiaca (10%) leaf extract, spray of Metarhizium anisopliae 2.5 x 107 conidia /ml and chemicals Abamectin 1.9% EC @1ml/L and Diafenthiuron 25% WW + Pyriproxyfen 5% WW @ 2ml/L can be utilized for effective management of flower galls of P. cineraria.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Cost of infant feeding in exclusive and partially breastfed infants.
    (1996-08-01) Bhatnagar, S; Jain, N P; Tiwari, V K
    OBJECTIVE: To compare the costs incurred on infant feeding between the mothers who exclusively breastfed their infants and those who introduced supplements up to 6 months of age. DESIGN: Longitudinal follow up. SETTING: Urban slums of south Delhi. METHODS: One hundred normal mother infant pairs fulfilling the prelaid criteria were recruited at the time of birth and followed up for determining the feeding practices. The cost of feeding was estimated at prevalent market prices in terms of food supplement and medical treatment of infant and additional nutritional intake of mothers. The differences in costs in exclusively and partially breastfed groups were analyzed at 3, 4, 5 and 6 months of age. RESULTS: There was a sharp decline of exclusive breastfeeding from birth to six months. The mean cost of infant feeding was Rs. 204/- per month in partially breastfed as compared to Rs. 106/- in exclusively breastfed at 6 months of age. The increased cost was largely attributable to supplementary food and the cost of feeding bottles. (83% of mothers used bottles). CONCLUSIONS: The mean cost of infant feeding is substantially higher in partially breastfed children.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Current antibiotic choice for enteric fever.
    (1997-02-01) Bhatnagar, S; Bhan, M K
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Development of a new long acting contraceptive for women.
    (1973-07-01) Srivastava, U K; Bhatnagar, S; Laumas, K R
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Drug therapy in acute and persistent diarrhea.
    (1991-11-01) Bhan, M K; Bhatnagar, S
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Effect of five-membered heterocycles against Leishmania donovani infection.
    (1992-07-01) Bhatnagar, S; Nigam, V; Guru, P Y; Katiyar, J C; Mukherjee, A; Gupta, R C; Batra, S; Seth, M; Bhaduri, A P
    Impact of change of heteroatom in pentavalent heterocycles, viz., pyrroles, isoxazoles, imidazoles and crotonates on the profile of antileishmanial activity against amastigotes of L. donovani using in vivo test system and macrophage-amastigote culture system has been studied. Sixty-three compounds were tested. Nine imidazoles showed marginal activity in vivo, whereas 3 out of 10 compounds of isoxazolone series and 2 out of 4 substituted aminocrotonates exhibited antileishmanial activity. Of the 30 substituted pyrroles, except 8 all showed antileishmanial activity in vivo on day 7 post treatment.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Epidemiology & management of persistent diarrhoea in children of developing countries.
    (1996-07-01) Bhan, M K; Bhandari, N; Bhatnagar, S; Bahl, R
    Diarrhoea that begins acutely but lasts longer than two weeks is defined to be persistent. Revised estimates in developing countries including India showed that acute diarrhoea accounts for 35 per cent, dysentery 20 per cent and non-dysenteric persistent diarrhoea (PD) for 45 per cent of total diarrhoeal deaths. PD also often changes marginal malnutrition to more severe forms. Factors that increase the risk of acute diarrhoea becoming persistent have been identified in India and other developing countries. These include antecedent malnutrition, micronutrient deficiency particularly for zinc and vitamin A, transient impairment in cell mediated immunity, infection with entero aggregative Escherichia coli and cryptosporidium, sequential infection with different pathogens and lack of exclusive breast feeding during the initial four months of life particularly use of bovine milk. Several issues regarding the management of persistent diarrhoea in hospitalized children in India have been resolved. Diets providing modest amounts of milk mixed with cereals are well tolerated. In those who fail on such diets providing carbohydrate as a mixture of cereals and glucose or sucrose hasten recovery. The role of antimicrobial agents and individual micronutrients in PD is currently being investigated. A management algorithm appropriate for India and other developing countries has been developed and found to substantially reduce case fatality in hospital settings to about 2-3 per cent. Recent epidemiological and clinical research related to persistent diarrhoea is also reviewed.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Evaluation of diversified antigens for detection of Mycobacterium leprae antibodies from leprosy patients and contacts.
    (1994-07-01) Singh, N B; Bhatnagar, S; Choudhary, A; Gupta, H P; Kaul, S M
    A comparative evaluation of diversified antigens in ELISA has been made for detection of M. leprae antibodies in the sera of leprosy patients and their contacts. Out of the four antigens, namely M. leprae sonicate (ML), phenolic glycolipid I (PGL-1), M. habana sonicate (MH) and its arabinomannan (AM), the cross reactive antigens (MH,AM) have comparatively detected more number of leprosy cases. Homologous antigens (ML, PGL-1) have lower detection level. Use of MH and AM for detection of mycobacterial antibodies have been discussed and advocated for epidemiological studies of leprosy/tuberculosis.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Exploration of antileishmanial activity in heterocycles; results of their in vivo & in vitro bioevaluations.
    (1989-11-01) Bhatnagar, S; Guru, P Y; Katiyar, J C; Srivastava, R; Mukherjee, A; Akhtar, M S; Seth, M; Bhaduri, A P
    A total of 51 imidazoles, pyrroles, quinolines and isoxazolines compounds were screened for antileishmanial activity in vivo and in vitro, using Leishmania donovani as the test parasite. The screening revealed hitherto unknown antileishmanial activity in these heterocycles. Three of the compounds screened (one belonging to isoxazoline series and two from pyrrole series) showed significant anti-leishmanial activity, ranging from 86-91 per cent inhibition in hamsters. When tested in vitro, using macrophage amastigote culture system, these compounds showed inhibition of 62-78 per cent at 30 micrograms/ml concentration.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Fanconi's constitutional aplastic anemia.
    (1999-07-31) Bhatnagar, S; Chandra, J; Narayan, S; Jain, V