Browsing by Author "Bharatnur, Sunanda"

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    Association between maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus and their related outcomes
    (Medip Academy, 2023-10) Bharatnur, Sunanda; Acharya, Pooja B.
    Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has a direct correlation with maternal body mass index (BMI). Pre-pregnancy BMI is ideal for studying the outcomes of obesity in pregnancy. Unlike the west, in countries like India, pregnant women approach health facilities during first trimester making it appropriate to consider first trimester BMI, as a parameter to study outcome variables. In this study we correlate BMI and GDM in pregnancy as GDM has significant impact on mother and baby. Aim of study was to study maternal and neonatal outcomes in obese women who have conceived among two groups, GDM and non-GDM.Methods: Observational study conducted at tertiary care teaching hospital over a one-year period (2021-2022). All pregnant women in first trimester with Body Mass Index (BMI) ?30, calculated in first visit, was included in this study for follow-up. According to the results of GDM screening at 24-28?weeks of gestation by DIPSI method, pregnancies were divided into the GDM and non-GDM group. They were observed for risk of GDM. The obstetric and neonatal outcomes were noted and compared between the two groups. Data was analysed using SPSS software.Results: Mean BMI (32.79�47) among GDM group is greater than Non GDM (31.15�22), with p-value 0.00005 is significant. In obstetric outcomes, GDM is associated with increased incidence of preterm deliveries (p-value=0.004), gestational hypertension (p-value=0.002). In case of perinatal outcomes, increase incidence of hyperbilirubinemia (p-value=0.002), hypoglycemia (p-value=0.048) and sepsis (p value=0.046) in neonates born to GDM is seen.Conclusions: BMI calculation in early pregnancy is good indicator to monitor for complications in pregnancy including GDM. Therefore, identification of patients with high BMI and GDM requires regular follow up during pregnancy so that early intervention minimises complications.
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    Awareness of menstrual cup among reproductive age group women
    (Medip Academy, 2023-09) Bharatnur, Sunanda; Aishwarya
    Background: The first type of menstrual cup having a bullet-shape was patented in 1932 by the midwifery group of McGlasson and Perkins. The first medical grade silicone menstrual cup was manufactured in 2001 by Mooncup UK. Menstrual cups are considered as environmentally friendly and inexpensive alternative to expensive disposable pads. The capability to reuse the cups with a service life of 10 years is a significant advantage of menstrual cups. Menstrual cups have been in use since a long time but very limited studies are conducted about their awareness among Indian women. Hence, in this present study, the awareness of menstrual cup among reproductive age group women was evaluated.Methods: Data was collected from the eligible and chosen women in reproductive age through a pre-developed questionnaire and completed in the presence of the interviewer. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted over a period of 1 month in Srinivas Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.Results: In this study, total of 508 participants were included. The maximum number of participants was in the age group of 21 years to 25 years (58.46%). The educational status of the participants was mostly in the category of undergraduate level (69.88%). The marital status of most of the participants was unmarried (89.37%). Most of the participants belong to low-income group (
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    Awareness of menstrual cup among reproductive age group women
    (Medip Academy, 2023-09) Bharatnur, Sunanda; Aishwarya
    Background: The first type of menstrual cup having a bullet-shape was patented in 1932 by the midwifery group of McGlasson and Perkins. The first medical grade silicone menstrual cup was manufactured in 2001 by Mooncup UK. Menstrual cups are considered as environmentally friendly and inexpensive alternative to expensive disposable pads. The capability to reuse the cups with a service life of 10 years is a significant advantage of menstrual cups. Menstrual cups have been in use since a long time but very limited studies are conducted about their awareness among Indian women. Hence, in this present study, the awareness of menstrual cup among reproductive age group women was evaluated.Methods: Data was collected from the eligible and chosen women in reproductive age through a pre-developed questionnaire and completed in the presence of the interviewer. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted over a period of 1 month in Srinivas Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.Results: In this study, total of 508 participants were included. The maximum number of participants was in the age group of 21 years to 25 years (58.46%). The educational status of the participants was mostly in the category of undergraduate level (69.88%). The marital status of most of the participants was unmarried (89.37%). Most of the participants belong to low-income group (
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    Endometrial thickness in perimenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding
    (Medip Academy, 2023-11) Bharatnur, Sunanda; Shetty, Trisha
    Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is the most common presenting menstrual complaint in women of perimenopausal age group. During this period, the endocrinological, biological and clinical features of approaching menopause commence. The incidence of uterine pathology increases in this age group. The objective of current study is to measure the endometrial thickness by transvaginal scan in perimenopausal patients with AUB and comparison of histopathological outcomes.Methods: This is a prospective observational study in the department of obstetrics and gynecology at Srinivas institute of medical sciences and research Centre from August 2022 to August 2023. This study included total of 115 patients with AUB between 40 to 52 years of age.Results: Among 115 patients in the study most of the patients were between 44-47 years of age. Majority of the women were multiparous (97.4 %). Transvaginal ultrasound examination revealed 105 out of 115 patients had endometrial thickness between 12-22.9mm. On HPE 92 out of 115 patients to have simple hyperplasia without atypia. Correlation between TVS and endometrial thickness shows that only 0.86% of patients with endometrial thickness between 12-22.9 has complex hyperplasia with atypia.Conclusions: Transvaginal scan is a simple, convenient and economical way to indirectly visualize the endometrial cavity. It can be used to accurately distinguish between normal and pathological endometrial conditions in patients with AUB in perimenopausal age group.
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    Kidney length, a visceral parameter predicts foetal age between 24 to 40 weeks of gestation
    (Medip Academy, 2019-02) Bharatnur, Sunanda; Dawson, Samantha; Hebbar, Shripad
    Background: Accurate estimation of gestational age is important in providing appropriate antenatal care. Recent evidence suggests that weightage should also be given to kidney length in addition to standard biometric parameters in determining the duration of pregnancy by ultrasound.Methods: In a single centre, prospective cross-sectional study was done in 120 pregnant women. In addition to standard biometric parameters, kidney length was also measured between 24 to 40 weeks at two-week intervals. A total of 240 renal vertical measurements were done and average of right and left renal lengths was taken as a final kidney length. Descriptive analysis was carried out to find the mean and standard deviations for each variable. Regression analysis was carried for each variable either singly or in combinations and Pearson regression coefficients was used to find the association between gestational age and various foetal parameters and to determine which of the regression model gives the best fit for prediction of gestational age.Results: Foetal kidney length progressively increased throughout the gestation (from 23.2 mm at 24 weeks to 40.1 mm at 40 weeks). The regression formula using only kidney length as an independent variable (gestational age=2.195±0.942 X kidney length) had high degree of correlation (R2 0.97, p<0.001, SE of prediction 4.7±3.9), which was superior to other prediction models using standard biometric parameters. In multiple regression models using several conventional parameters, when femur length was added in a stepwise manner, there was significant improvement in forecasting gestational age.Conclusions: Present study showed that foetal kidney length is a reliable indicator of gestational age between 24 to 40 weeks of pregnancy and may be of utility in pregnancies with wrong dates, non-availability of dating scan and women who have conceived during lactational period.