Browsing by Author "Ahmad, Javed"
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Item Bioavailability enhancement studies of amoxicillin with Nigella.(2012-04) Ali, Babar; Amin, Saima; Ahmad, Javed; Ali, Abuzer; Ali, Mohd; Mir, Showkat RBackground & objectives: Nigella sativa Linn. is extensively used in the Indian diasporas as spice, which may interact with co-administered drugs and affect their intestinal availability. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Nigella on bioavailability of amoxicillin in animal model. Methods: Everted rat intestinal sacs were used for in vitro experiment to study the transfer of amoxicillin across the gut. Amoxicillin (6 mg/ml) was co-infused with 3 and 6 mg of methanol and hexane extract of Nigella seeds separately. The amount of amoxicillin that traversed the gut was followed spectrophotometrically at 273 nm. For in vivo studies Wistar albino rats were used. Amoxicillin (25 mg/kg, po) was co-administered with hexane extract of Nigella seeds (25 mg/kg, po). The amount of amoxicillin in rat plasma was determined by UPLC-MS/MS method. Results: The in vitro studies both with methanol and hexane extracts of Nigella increased the permeation of amoxicillin significantly (P<0.001) as compared to control. Permeation was also found to be significantly higher for the hexane extract (P<0.001) in comparison to methanol extract at the same dose levels. In vivo experiments revealed that Cmax of amoxicillin in rat plasma when administered orally alone and in combination with hexane extract increased correspondingly from 4138.251 ± 156.93 to 5995.045 ± 196.28 ng/ml while as AUC0→t increased from 8890.40 ± 143.33 to 13483.46 ± 152.45 ng/ml.h. Interpretation & conclusions: Nigella enhanced amoxicillin availability in both in vivo and in vitro studies. As the increase in bioavailability is attributed, in part, to enhanced diffusivity across intestine, our study indicated that Nigella increased intestinal absorption of amoxicillin.Item Development of Sequence Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR) Marker for the Authentication of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst.(2012-07) Yadav, Aradhana; Ahmad, Javed; Chaudhary, Anis A; Ahmad, AltafAims: To develop Sequence Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR) marker for identification of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. Study design: Molecular biology tools for authentic identification of Bacopa monnieri. Methodology: RAPD-based SCAR marker was developed to identify Bacopa monnieri from its adulterant candidates namely Centella asiatica, Eclipta alba and Malva rotundifolia. 50 random primers were used for initial screening of different accessions of Bacopa monnieri, Eclipta alba and Malva rotundifolia. A putative 589 bp marker specific to Bacopa monnieri was identified using RAPD technique. This RAPD-amplicon was then sequenced and cloned. Based on the information of cloned sequences a pair of SCAR primers was designed. SCAR primers were then used for authentication of DNA samples of Bacopa monnieri and its adulterants. Market samples of Bacopa monnieri and Centella asiatica collected under the name of Brahmi was put to test with these primers. Results: Out of 50 random primers, only 14 primers were able to amplify the above plants. A 589 bp polymorphic band obtained with OPAA-3 primer which was specific to Bacopa monnieri accessions and not found in other adulterant candidates was selected. This band was eluted, cloned and further sequenced. A pair of SCAR primers (Bac F & Bac R) between 406 bp of 589 bp sequence of RAPD amplicon was designed. A single, bright, distinct band was obtained in Bacopa monnieri and not in the adulterants. Further validation was also done in the market samples. Conclusion: In essence, the study was to develop a RAPD-based SCAR marker for authentication of Bacopa monnieri. The SCAR marker was found to be useful for preventing the adulteration of other plants in Brahmi and also for screening of crude drug samples intended for export and domestic uses.Item MicroRNA in carcinogenesis & cancer diagnostics: A new paradigm.(2013-04) Ahmad, Javed; Hasnain, Seyed E; Siddiqui, Maqsood A; Ahamed, Maqusood; Musarrat, Javed; Al-Khedhairy, Abdulaziz AMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small 22-25 nucleotides long non-coding RNAs, that are conserved during evolution, and control gene expression in metazoan animals, plants, viruses, and bacteria primarily at post-transcriptional and transcriptional levels. MiRNAs ultimately regulate target gene expression by degrading the corresponding mRNA and/or inhibiting their translation. Currently, the critical functions of miRNAs have been established in regulating immune system, cell proliferation, differentiation and development, cancer and cell cycle by as yet unknown control mechanism. MiRNAs play an essential role in malignancy, and as tumour suppressors and oncogenes. Thus, discovery of new miRNAs will probably change the landscape of cancer genetics. Significantly different miRNA profiles can be assigned to various types of tumours, which could serve as phenotypic signatures for different cancers for their exploitation in cancer diagnostics, prognostics and therapeutics. If miRNA profiles can accurately predict malignancies, this technology could be exploited as a tool to surmount the diagnostic challenges. This review provides comprehensive and systematic information on miRNA biogenesis and their implications in human health.