Browsing by Author "Agarwal, Abhishek"
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Item The advantage of PCR for MTB in comparison to ADA in diagnosing tubercular pleural effusion(Medip Academy, 2018-01) Agarwal, Abhishek; Hussain, Ahbab; Prasad, Rajendra; Verma, Anand; Banka, Amitabh; Raza, TasleemBackground: Tuberculosis continues to be an important health problem globally. The bacteriological confirmation of diagnosis in extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients is more difficult because most of the cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis are paucibacillary in nature. In this study we have compared the pleural fluid ADA levels with PCR for MTB in pleural fluid to confirm the diagnosis of tuberculosis in the pleural fluid.Methods: The study was done over two years and a total of 106 patients with a clinico-radiological diagnosis of pleural effusion were enrolled for the study. The pleural fluid was aspirated and examined for total cell count, differential cell count, protein, sugar, ADA and PCR for MTB.A CT Thorax was done in all the 106 patients of pleural effusion and underlying consolidation along with pleural effusion was found in 60 patients.Results: The pleural fluid was exudative in nature in all the patients. 90 patients (84.9%) had lymphocyte predominant pleural effusion while 16 patients (15.1%) had neutrophil predominant pleural effusion. The overall sensitivity of ADA in all the cases of pleural effusion was 85.2% while the overall sensitivity of PCR for MTB in all the cases of pleural effusion was 51.1%. However, in the 60 patients of pleural effusion with underlying lung consolidation, the overall sensitivity of ADA was 69.1% while the overall sensitivity of PCR for MTB was 92.8% for diagnosing tubercular pleural effusion.Conclusions: PCR for MTB is a useful test along with ADA for diagnosing tubercular pleural effusion. PCR for MTB is especially useful in the diagnosis of tubercular pleural effusion in patients with underlying lung consolidation.Item Antinociceptive evaluation of anticonvulsant gabapentin with a conventional nonopioid analgesic in phasic and tonic animal model of acute and chronic pain.(2014-07) Abrol, Suruchi; Kansal, Saurabh; Agarwal, Abhishek; Agarwal, Ruchika; Goel, TarunBackground: Some antiepileptic drugs have been shown to be clinically efficacious in treatment of neuropathic pain and are being used by clinician. Methods: This study determined the analgesic effect of gabapentin in rats in biphasic animal pain model of acute and chronic inflammatory pain and compared its potency with a conventional nonopioid analgesic diclofenac. Results: Per oral administration of gabapentin produced no any marked effect on early phase response of formalin test, but significantly suppressed the late phase response, while diclofenac produced significant anti-nociceptive effect in both phases of formalin test. Conclusion: Thus, we have observed that gabapentin produced antinociception in second phase of formalin test, which reflects chronic inflammatory pain.Item Choroid plexus papilloma associated with developmental delay.(2004-08-04) Agarwal, Abhishek; Chopra, Sandeep; Sehgal, A DChoroid plexus papillomas are rare, benign tumors of neuroectodermal origin usually observed in the lateral ventricles of children. The usual presenting signs of choroid plexus papillomas are related to hydrocephalus and increased intracranial pressure. A child presented to us with clinical features of delayed milestones, which was later diagnosed as a case of choroid plexus papilloma with hydrocephalus. He underwent complete excision of the tumour with gradual recovery of milestones.Item Comparison of the efficacy of budesonide by nebulizer, metered dose inhaler and dry powder inhaler in chronic stable bronchial asthma(Medip Academy, 2018-07) Rizvi, Dilshad Ali; Abidi, Afroz; Agarwal, Abhishek; Ahmad, AliBackground: The study has been performed to evaluate the efficacy of budesonide delivery by different form of devices like nebulizer, metered dose inhaler and dry powder inhaler to adult patients of chronic stable bronchial asthma. The changes in pulmonary function test parameters have been consider for evaluation.Methods: This prospective study was undertaken to assess the relative efficiency of budesonide administered from devices like nebulizer, metered dose inhaler and dry powder inhaler in adult patients of chronic stable bronchial asthma. Fifty subjects where administered budesonide (1mg) via nebulizer, budesonide (400 microgram) by metered dose inhaler and dry powder inhaler consecutively each week for four weeks under direct supervision. To analyze the effect of budesonide delivered through different devices pulmonary function test was carried out on the subject before and one hour after administration of the drug on each visit.Results: No significant difference in Peak expiratory flow rate (P=0.77), forced expiratory volume in one second (P=0.851), forced vital capacity (P=0.178) and forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity ratio (P=0.298) was seen after giving budesonide by different devices.Conclusions: Budesonide delivered by different devices (nebulizer, metered dose inhaler, and dry powder inhaler) have similar effect on lung function in patients of chronic stable bronchial asthma. In the daily clinical practice, the correct choice of an inhaler device should be related with the patient's characteristics. They may be used interchangeably depending on availability, cost and compliance of the patients.Item Evaluation and correlation of stress scores with blood pressure, endogenous cortisol levels, and homocysteine levels in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy and comparison with age‑matched controls.(2016-11) Agarwal, Abhishek; Garg, Monika; Dixit, Nikhil; Godara, RohiniContext: Stress had been associated with the development of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). The study was designed to evaluate the effect of stress on other risk factors of CSC such as serum cortisol levels, serum homocysteine levels, and blood pressure (BP) in CSC patients. Aims: To compare stress scores, serum cortisol and serum homocysteine levels, and BP of CSC patients with that of control population and to correlate stress scores of CSC patients with BP, serum cortisol levels, and serum homocysteine levels. Materials and Methods: Stress scores, serum morning and evening cortisol levels, serum homocysteine levels, systolic and diastolic BP of 54 CSC patients were measured and compared with that of 54 age‑ and sex‑related controls using Student’s t‑test. Stress scores of CSC patients were correlated with systolic and diastolic BP, serum morning and evening cortisol levels and serum homocysteine levels and Pearson correlation coefficient (r) were calculated. Results: Stress scores, serum homocysteine levels, serum morning and evening cortisol levels, and systolic and diastolic BP were all elevated in CSC patients as compared with age‑ and sex‑related controls (P < 0.05). Stress scores of CSC patients were found to correlate strongly with serum homocysteine levels, serum morning and evening cortisol levels, and systolic and diastolic BP, with r values 0.82, 0.8, 0.8, 0.8, and 0.81, respectively (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: Stress scores were elevated in CSC patients and were strongly correlated with serum homocysteine and cortisol levels and BP.Item Expressions of Fas/DcR3 and RGD-FasL mediated apoptosis in pituitary adenomas.(2009-01-24) Chen, Lukui; Tian, Xinhua; Li, Wenzhu; Agarwal, Abhishek; Zhuang, GuohongPURPOSE: To detect the expressions of Fas/DcR3 and to investigate the cytotoxic effects of RGD-FasL on pituitary adenoma cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fas/DcR3 mRNAs were detected by Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and their surface expressions were measured by flow cytometry. Cytotoxicities exerted by FasL and newly-constructed RGD-FasL on tumor cells were measured with 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The apoptotic cells were examined by electron microscopy and the induced apoptosis was determined by agarose gel electrophoresis. The cell cycle was assessed by flow cytometry with ANNEXIN V FITC/PI. The expressions of caspases, Bcl-2, RANKL and JNK2 were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS: Fas/DcR3 was expressed in GH3/MMQ/AtT20 cells. The cytotoxic effects of RGD-FasL on tumor cells were seen in a dose-dependent manner. These cells showed the same sensitivity to RGD-FasL as to FasL. RGD-FasL induced apoptosis and G1/G0 arrest. The expressions of caspase-8/9/3, RANKL, JNK2 were increased while that of Bcl-2 was decreased with treatment of RGD-FasL. CONCLUSIONS: Fas can be a novel target for the treatment of pituitary adenomas. RGD-FasL induces apoptosis of pituitary adenoma cells through caspase activation.