Browsing by Author "Agarwal, R."

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    Bipartite Atlas –A Rare Entity, a Study of Its Incidence in North Indians
    (Society for Health Care & Research Development, 2018-01) S, Garg; Agarwal, R.; Goyal, D
    Background:Combined anterior and posterior C1 bifidityi.e BIPARTITE ATLAS or SPLIT ATLAS is a rare entity Our goal in this study was to examine the incidence of this anomaly in North India. review the literature and the clinical implications of this cleft defects.. Methods:It is retrospective study ofNCCT evaluation in 1735 patients who underwent CECT neck[900 patients] NCCTwith spine evaluation[835patients]in Pankaj diagnostic set up between jan 2012 to December 2016, and department of radiodignosis Sarojini Naidu Medical college Agra during the time interval between dec 2016 to july 2017 the images were reviewed retrospectively to identify patients with BIPARTITE ATLAS defects . Posterior arch defects of the atlas were grouped in accordance with the classification of Currarino et al ,anomalies were subsequently grouped. Results: We found only 4(4/1735) patients of bipartite atlas i.e .2% of total . anterior ach defects were midline and have a reported width ranging from 1-5 mm The type A posterior arch defect was found in 3 patients and the type B posterior arch defect was found in one patients. No type C, D, or E defects were observed in these bipartite atlas defect The CT scans of the patients show midline clefts of the anterior and the posterior arches of C1 with similar imaging features:smooth margins lined by cortical bone and no lateral offset. The patients had no neurological symptoms relating to the C1 abnormality, and no follow-up was performed.Conclusion:Bipartite atlas is a rare entity as it’s incidence was found to be just .2% . knowledge is essential as it can predispose to certain neurological compressive disorders.awareness helps in clinicoradiological diagnosis, management in patient of trauma as appearance of cleft simulate Jefferson fracture.
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    Correlation between ischemic heart disease and coronary atherosclerosis: an autopsy based cross-sectional study in a tertiary care hospital
    (Medip Academy, 2023-04) Yadav, M.; Agarwal, R.; Singh, K.; Kaur, S.; Kundu, P. R.
    Background: The most common cause of ischemic heart disease (IHD) is reduced blood flow due to obstructive lesions in the coronary arteries. In adults, IHD associated with coronary atherosclerosis and acquired forms of cardiomyopathy are the most common findings of autopsies. Aim and objectives were to study age and gender related prevalence of IHD in population of Sonepat district of Haryana and its association with coronary atherosclerosis in autopsy cases. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from April 2019-March 2020 for a duration of one year on 140 post-mortem heart specimens received in the department of pathology at Bhagat Phool Singh government medical college for Women, Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat, Haryana. Sections from various parts of heart and from three main coronary arteries were processed and examined. Results: In our study, 22 cases (15.71%) of chronic IHD (CIHD) and 7 cases (5%) of myocardial infarction (MI) was observed. The overall prevalence of IHD was 20.7%. All 7 cases (100%) of MI and 95.46% of CIHD revealed atherosclerosis in their coronary arteries. A highly significant statistical correlation was observed between IHD and atherosclerosis p<0.05 (p=0.001). All the cases of MI and 81.82% of CIHD were observed in more than or equal to 40 years age group. Conclusions: The awareness regarding atherosclerosis and various preventive and screening of cardiovascular risk factors should be initiated in young population as early as second decade.
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    Efficacy and safety of hair serum containing Greyverse, EUK 134 and Amisol trio in premature greying of hair
    (Medip Academy, 2023-09) Chandrashekar, B. S.; Agarwal, R.; Uttamani, R.; Chakraborty, A.
    Greying of hair, also known as achromotrichia or canities, is a part of ageing. Premature canities is a widespread, poorly characterised dermatological condition with little clinical and demographic information. We conducted this study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of hair serum containing Greyverse, EUK 134 and Amisol trio in premature greying of hair. Ten cases of premature canities (onset before 25 years of age) were recruited from the outpatient department at Cutis Academy of cutaneous sciences, Bengaluru. The participants were recruited after written informed consent from patients (>18 years age); whereas in patients <18 years age, it was provided by their parents/guardians. The Revgrey® hair serum formulation was asked to be applied twice daily for three months and its efficacy and safety was analyzed during follow-up at day 30 and 90. In our study, we found that the mean age of onset of greying was 14.9±4.33 years. The frontal region was the earliest affected area. The investigator’s assessment and patient’s self-assessment was recorded after completion of the treatment at 12 weeks. The investigator’s assessment revealed that 4 patients (0.4%) showed slightly increased recovery of hair while 3 patients (0.3%) showed moderately increased recovery of hair. The small sample size of the study was its limiting factor in arriving at a definite conclusion. We concluded that application of Revgrey® hair serum formulation in males and females suffering premature greying of hair is both safe and beneficial.
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    Impact of coronavirus disease pandemic on antimicrobials consumption and antimicrobial resistance during the first and second wave in a tertiary care hospital, in India
    (Medip Academy, 2023-12) Bhardwaj, A.; Agarwal, R.; Mangesh, M.; Bhardwaj, A.
    Background: This study measured the impact of the first and second wave of COVID-19 pandemic (in the year 2020-21) on the antibiotics uses and their effect on gram nehative bacterial species Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter. Methods: The number of patient admission month-wise, antibiotic consumption, blood cultures collected, number of positive BCs, and antibiotic resistance were analysed retrospectively for the years 2020, 2021, and 2019 for comparison, in tertiary care hospital (ca. 840 beds). Results: Half of patients admitted in years 2020 and 2021 in our hospital had COVID-19. A significant increase in total antibiotic consumption during the years 2020 (75.53 DDD per 100 admissions) and 2021 (91.71 DDD per 100 admissions) occurred in comparison to the year 2019 (52.5 DDD per 100 admissions). The rate ratio of BCs per 100 admissions increased by 74% in the year 2020, and 118% in the year 2021 in comparison with the rate ratio to the year 2019. The BSI rate per 100 admissions increased overall by 24% in March 2020 and 115% in April 2020, the rate ratio of BSIs per 100 admissions raised 58.4% for Klebsiella and 239.3% for E. coli, but remain the same for Acinetobacter and Aeruginosa. A sharp increase in the rate of BSIs caused by microorganisms resistant to cephalosporins was also observed in the years 2020 and 2021. Conclusions: present study highlights the impact of the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic on antibiotic consumption and the increasing prevalence hospital-acquired infections and antimicrobial resistance.
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    Use of CDR-sob and ADAS-cog score to check protective role of Non-steroidal AntiInflammatory Drugs in Alzheimer Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    (Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi- 221005, India., 2022-09) Tripathi, S.; Asthana, A.; Agarwal, R.
    Background Alzheimer’s disease is the major neurodegenerative disease, affecting more than two third cases of dementia in the world. NSAIDs are widely used anti-inflammatory analgesic agents representing 7.7% of worldwide prescription of which 90% are in patients over 65 year old. Based on mixed findings by different RCTs, a systematic review and meta-analysis on CDR-sob and ADAS-cog score was conducted to develop the better understanding on the protective role of Non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in AD. Methods Data base search was Pubmed, WebScience and Embase. RCTs investigating the effect of NSAIDs on AD or test scores assessing cognitive function in people without AD at baseline were included. Two indicators ADAS-cog score, and CDR-sob are used. Total 09 studies are included in the present Metaanalysis. Results For ADAS-score pooled the pooled summary effect size was calculated using random effect model was -0.03 with 95% C.I -0.13 to 0.07, which was statistically insignificant (p-value =0.44). For CDRsob score difference, the pooled the pooled summary effect size was calculated using random effect model was -0.09 with 95% C.I -0.29 to 0.11 which was statistically insignificant (p=0.3812).For CDR-sob score, the pooled summary effect size was calculated using random effect model was 0.21 with 95% C.I -0.09 to 0.51, which was statistically insignificant (p-value = 0.1741). Conclusion Present Meta analysis shows that NSAIDs in general are not effective in treatment of AD. They also have no protective effect against development of AD on their sustained use.