Browsing by Author "Abdussalam"
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Item Correlation Between Tsh And Body Mass Index In Male And Female Patients With Subclinical Hypothyroidism(Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, 2019-01) Garg, Om prakash; Abdussalam; Singh, Seema; Verma, R KHypothyroidism is a syndrome resulting from thyroid hormone deficiency or rarely inefficacy. It is a common endocrinological problem affecting especially women and the elderly. Thyroid hormones play an important role in synthesis, metabolism and mobilization of lipids. One of the most important symptoms of hypothyroidism is weight gain or inability to lose weight. The rapid increase in the prevalence of obesity in the past 20 to 30 years emphasizes the important role of lifestyle and environmental factors, because genetic changes could not have occurred so rapidly. Obesity is a complicated process that depends on signals of satiety and hunger, genetics, endocrine abnormalities, and other factors. Our study purposes to investigate the relationship between BMI and thyroid function in patients of subclinical hypothyroidism. Objective of this study is to correlate thyroid stimulating hormones (TSH) and body mass index (BMI) in male and female patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. This cross sectional study included 42 Subclinical hypothyroid patients, both males and females between 20-45 years of age and without a history of alcohol or tobacco consumption, history of any cardiovascular disorders or diabetes mellitus and any drug history like corticosteroids, beta blockers. and TSH test estimated by VITROS 5600 integrated analyzer and correlated with body mass index. The results showed a positive Correlation analysis in subclinical Hypothyroid males between BMI and TSH, (r= 0.47), which was found to be statistically significant (p=0.02*) in case of subclinical Hypothyroid females the results indicated positive correlation between BMI and TSH (r= 0.58) which was found to be statistically significant (p=0.005*). A strong positive correlation between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Thyroid stimulating hormones (TSH).Item A Review On Antioxidants And Oxidative Stress In Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus(Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, 2017-07) Kumar, Vishnu; AbdussalamStrikingly the developments in both therapeutic and nutritional circuits have punctuated with some success and some spectacular failures in treating Type- 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2-DM). It is advocated that antioxidants should be given only if pre-existing deficiency is present. Selection of antioxidant is another important aspect. Type-2 Diabetes mellitus (T2-DM) is measured to be one of the most frequent chronic diseases global. There is a increasing scientific and public awareness in connecting oxidative stress with a variety of pathological conditions including Type-2 Diabetes mellitus (T-2DM), cardio vascular diseases (CVD), coronary artery diseases with Type-2 Diabetes mellitus (CADT2-DM) as well as other human diseases. Pre- existing experimental and clinical studies report that oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis and development of complications in T2-DM. Conversely, the exact mechanism by which oxidative stress could contribute to and accelerate the development of complications in T2-DM is only to some extent known and remains to be clarified. On the one hand, hyperglycemia induces free radicals; on the other hand, it impairs the endogenous antioxidant defense system in patients with diabetes. Endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms include both enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways. Common antioxidants include the vitamins A, C, and E, glutathione (GSH), and the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GRx). This review describes role of oxidative stress in micro and macro vascular complications of T2-DM. Lastly but most importantly the impact of OS is not obligatory but facultative. As such only those diabetic patients will be benefited by antioxidant therapies that have impelling punch of pro-oxidants.Item A Review On Reactive Oxygen And Nitrogen Species(Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, 2018-01) Kumar, Vishnu; AbdussalamGenerally Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) consist of free radicals and hasty species in these two groups and breakdown yield of lipids proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates. Free radicals (FR) contain one or more unpaired electrons and could be positively or negatively charged or neutral in nature. Superoxide anion (O-.2), free hydroxyl radical (OH.-) and nitric oxide (NO·) are important free radicals in human body and produce numerous additional free radicals mostly from unsaturated fatty acids. Physiologically they can be defined as overactive disjointed atoms or molecules which are capable of upsetting and fragmenting other molecules. Free hydroxyl is the mainly reactive neutral free radical with half life of about 10-9 second. It is capable of insulting fragmenting and mutating any cellular molecule with forceful passion. Superoxide anion (O-.2) in human body arises from metabolic reactions, irradiation and leakage from electron transport chain. Superoxide is often referred as primary ROS as most of other ROS and RNS arise from it and are therefore termed as secondary ROS and RNS. These free radicals are produced in cellular membrane mitochondria, nucleus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, endoplasmic reticulum and cytoplasm. Redox-sensitive proteins with important cellular functions are confined to signalling microdomains in cardiovascular cells and are not readily available for quantification. A popular approach is the measurement of stable by-products modified under conditions of oxidative strain that have entered the circulation. However, these may not accurately reflect redox stress at the cell/tissue height. Many of these modifications are “functionally silent”. Functional importance of the oxidative modifications enhances their validity as a proposed biological marker of cardiovascular disease, and is the strength of the redox cysteine modifications such as glutathionylation. We assess selected biomarkers of oxidative stress that show promise in cardiovascular medicine, as well as new methodologies for high-throughput measurement in research and clinical settings. Although associated with disease severity, supplementary studies are necessary to examine the usefulness of the most promise oxidative biomarkers to forecast prognosis or rejoinder to treatment.