Browsing by Author "Abdullah, MY"

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    Assessing the effectiveness of vaccination strategies against respiratory pathogens?
    (Medip Academy, 2025-02) Abdullah, MY; Alanazi, FM; Gandurah, SF; Altufayif, DA; Alghamdi, AM; Halawani, OA; Almudarhem, FF; Al-Otaibe, RI; Allathiqani, OM; Alasmari, AA.
    Vaccination has been an effective method in preventing many childhood-related infections and reducing the risk of infections in adults. Between the mid-1960s and 2015, vaccination has been successful in saving more than 10 million lives. Respiratory pathogens have been a main target for vaccination over decades. Many vaccines were developed against respiratory pathogens such as influenza. virus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Vaccination against respiratory pathogens faces new challenges every year due to different reasons. The following databases were used in systematic research: Medline (PubMed), Web of Science, and Scopus. Summaries of the found studies were exported by EndNote X8, and duplicate studies were removed. Inclusion criteria were any study. Despite the proven effectiveness of various vaccines against respiratory pathogens, several challenges persist in this field. These include the waning of vaccine-induced immunity, prompting the need of developing vaccines that provide long-lasting protection; vaccination harmful side effects; and the emergence of new subtypes are examples of these challenges. In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, clinical trials are underway to develop more effective vaccines against a range of pathogens. However, greater large-scale efforts are needed, particularly in low-income countries, to enhance global public health outcomes.
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    Hypoglycemia awareness and its clinical implications in insulin-treated patients?
    (Medip Academy, 2025-02) Abdullah, MY; Yatimi, AM; Aljamaan, MB; Amoudi, ZT; Alrefai, NM; Bamajboor, AS; Lashet, ZA; Alsulami, AA; Aljohani, AS; Alraddadi, SH.
    Hypoglycemia is a significant complication of diabetes treatment. If left untreated, serious complications may occur. Mild hypoglycemia occurs in approximately 30% to 40% of those with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes. Overall prevalence of severe hypoglycemia in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes is 0.28 episodes per patient per year. Impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH) is a possible complication of recurrent hypoglycemia episodes. Many prior studies have examined the prevalence of IAH in patients with type 1 diabetes, while there is limited data on the prevalence of IAH in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes. The following databases were used in systematic research: Medline (PubMed), Web of Science, and Scopus. Summaries of the found studies were exported by EndNoteX8, and duplicate studies were removed. Various mechanisms have been proposed in recent studies, such as the brain glucose transport hypothesis and the brain glycogen supercompensation hypothesis. It is important to assess the risk factors of IAH to avoid its significant complications. To successfully assess the risk factors, three methods of measuring are being used: Clarke, Gold, and Pedersen Bjergaard methods. The aim of this review is to discuss the prevalence, mechanisms, measurement, and clinical implications of IAH in insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients.
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    A review on strategies for smoking cessation and the management of nicotine dependence
    (Medip Academy, 2024-10) Abdullah, MY; Alsaleh, EH; Alkhulaiwi, NA; Almalki, MH; Zamil, BT; Alenezi, AF; Alferaih, AK; Ahmed, MA; Mehawish, SF; Khalifa, KA.
    This review explores strategies for smoking cessation and the management of nicotine dependence, focusing on behavioural treatments, pharmacotherapies, and the integration of both approaches. Smoking is a major contributor to numerous health conditions, and effective cessation strategies are vital for improving public health outcomes. Current evidence-based treatments include individual, group, and telephone counselling, along with Food and Drug Administration (FDA) - approved pharmacotherapies, which have proven successful across diverse populations, including those with low socioeconomic status or comorbid conditions. Nicotine dependence, recognized as a chronic and relapsing condition, requires systematic treatment approaches in healthcare settings. Behavioural therapies, such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), motivational interviewing, and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), show efficacy in addressing both the physiological and psychological aspects of nicotine addiction. Combining these interventions with pharmacotherapies often yields the highest cessation rates. The review highlights the importance of personalized treatment plans that consider individual motivations, socioeconomic factors, and the chronic nature of nicotine dependence, advocating for comprehensive approaches to smoking cessation.