Emerging Role of Exosomal Secretory Pathway in Human Tumour Virus Pathogenesis.
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Date
2014-11
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Abstract
Viruses are well known for their ability to hijack and manipulate the host cellular machinery
to ensure immune evasion, viral survival and pathogenesis. Most animal viruses exhibit
exclusive tropism and thus, infect only specific target cells. However, reports on the
existence of virions and viral components in non-target cells suggest alternative
mechanisms of viral spread. Studies on microvesicles and exosomes promise to provide
justification for the presence of viruses at unrelated cell types. Exosomes have attracted
the attention of not only cell biologists but also virologists as these vesicles can transport
and deliver bioactive information (RNA, proteins, microRNA etc. including virus specific components from infected cells) to unrelated cell types and have the potential to regulate
target cell function. Recent studies suggest that viruses can manipulate and hijack the
exosome biogenesis and secretory pathway to manipulate the host microenvironment,
evade immune response and increase viral accessibility. Here, we review the existing
literature on viral interference and exploitation of exosome secretory mechanisms and
correlate it with the increased virulence and spread of viruses in the host. Further, we
discuss the prospects of exosomes as emerging biomarkers for virus induced
pathology, potential of exosomes as delivery vehicles and also the new perspective to viral
mediated pathogenesis.
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Keywords
Virus, immune evasion, exosomes, microRNA, biomarker
Citation
Kapoor Neetu R, Kumar Vijay. Emerging Role of Exosomal Secretory Pathway in Human Tumour Virus Pathogenesis. International Journal of Biochemistry Research & Review 2014 Nov-Dec ; 4 (6) : 653-665.