The Southeast Asian Journal of Case Report and Reviews

Permanent URI for this collection

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/149642

Editor in Chief : Dr. B D Parmar,

ISSN: 2319 – 1090 (Online)

Frequency: 6issues a year

Language: English

Periodical of National Institute of Continuing Professional Development

Online Peer-reviewed journal

Web site: https://www.scopemed.org/?jid=83&sec=eboard/

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 30

Manual jet ventilation to rescue a patient with pinhole tracheal stenosis: A case report
(Association of Biomedical Scientists, 2023-06) Pathak, Soumi; Dubey, Mamta; Goel, Nitesh
Background: Airway management of patients with tracheal stenosis is highly challenging and even establishing a surgical airway may be difficult in these patients. Case: A 24 year old female developed pinhole tracheal restenosis after undergoing tracheal web resection and reconstruction. After other modes of ventilation had failed, we used the Manual jet ventilator endotracheal tube assembly as a rescue device and performed intermittent low-frequency jet ventilation until a definitive surgical airway could be established. Conclusion: Central airway obstruction in severe tracheal stenosis can cause life-threatening hypoxia. Jet ventilation through the pin hole opening buys some time for the surgeon to secure the airway.
Liver abscess: A case study
(Association of Biomedical Scientists, 2022-03) Nikitha, G; Nishanth, S; Ruchitha, D.
Liver abscess is a suppurative lesion in the liver formed as a result of invasion and multiplication of microorganisms which gain access by entering directly from an injury through the blood vessels or by the biliary ductal system/ septicemia, direct infection latrogenic & cryptogenic. It can be diagnosed by comparing the lab values with the diseased condition such as hemoglobin (10.9g/dl), neutrophils (83), ESR (120mm), Serum albumin (3.4g/dl), ALP (245U/L), Gamma GT (347U/L), prothrombin time (25.2 seconds), APTT (37.9 seconds). By performing the above tests, we have confirmed that the patient was suffering from liver abscess.
Middle phalanx epidermoid cyst, an unusual site: A case report
(Association of Biomedical Scientists, 2022-03) Makkar, Dheeraj
Background: Epidermoid cysts are cutaneous cysts frequently observed among farmers, factory workers, carpenters, and tailors due to their occupations’ predilection for repetitive minor hand trauma. Case Presentation: A 66-year-old male laborer presented to our hospital with a swelling on the palmar aspect of his right middle finger. The swelling was accompanied by pain and an inability to work over the previous four months. A 2.5 cm × 2.5 cm smooth, tender, immobile, non-compressible hard swelling was detected just above the middle phalanx during the clinical examination on the volar aspect of the right middle finger. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology after excision. The patient’s range of motion improved significantly following surgery, and his pain subsided. Conclusion: We present a novel location for an epidermal inclusion cyst and the importance of histopathologic evaluation in this case. Additionally, we emphasize the significance of extensively checking the cyst’s epithelium to guarantee complete capsule removal and rule out any additional pathology.
Comparative analysis of P-POSSUM score at admission and pre-operatively in predicting postoperative mortality in patients undergoing emergency laparotomy
(Association of Biomedical Scientists, 2022-06) Roy, Vivek Kumar; Roy, Sukalyan Saha; Kumar, Mukesh; Sinha, Saumya; Gopa, Krishna
Introduction: Laprotomy remains one of the commonest emergency surgical procedure performed worldwide. But over the last few years, various perioperative quality improvement initiatives involving early interventions, intensive postoperative care, and indivisualised care approaches have ensured a decrease in the average mortality rate by 3.8%-8.3. An ideal scoring system should accurately predict outcomes, help determine who deserves more aggressive care, guide in deciding the extensiveness of surgery, and can be used broadly access emergency laprotomies for various disease pathologies. The scoring system should also be capable of analyzing risk adjusted morbidity and mortality amongst various healthcare providers. Aim: To access the accuracy of P-POSSUM score on predicting the mortality and morbidity in emergency laparotomy patients and to establish that the preoperative score is more accurate that admission score. Materials and Methods: 150 Cases of emergency laparotomy in General Surgery Department in IGIMS, Patna from September, 2020 to February, 2022 were taken up in this study. Patients below 18 years, routine surgery and 6 patients who could not be followed up for complete 30 days were excluded. Physiological P-POSSUM was calculated at the time of admission and just before operation, post resuscitation. Operative score was same for both Physiological P-POSSUM scores. Results: Mortality predicted at admission had statistically significant difference and p value was<0 xss=removed>.05. Most common complication was wound infection followed by septicaemia. Conclusion: P-POSSUM is a better predictor of mortality and morbidity in emergency laparotomies when scoring is done preoperatively.
The after-effects of COVID-19 on academia and scientific community: Researchers perspective
(Association of Biomedical Scientists, 2022-03) Sultan, Amina; Juneja, Akanksha; Kaur, Gurvinder
The commotion pandemic has caused has affected almost every aspect of the academic community. Distancing and issues related to the risk of spread have caused researchers to stop most of their most non-COVID clinical trials and experiments, causing a reduction in recruitment of research associates and a lag in data entry into clinical trial databases. Fresh graduates and research scholars who have not yet begun their doctoral research or postdoctoral fellowship are among the most who will endure the consequences. Few valuable crowdfunding options have surfaced to help fund effective scientific research that may otherwise not receive financial support. The institutes affected by the COVID-19 pandemic can seek extra financial aid to cover expenditures that arise from projects being delayed or derailed. The research community should raise awareness of the challenges faced by universities and researchers worldwide and clearly explain the need for action to prevent or limit any further unfavorable consequences.
Role of immunohistochemical markers in breast carcinoma and other breast pathologies: A review with a note on recent update
(Association of Biomedical Scientists, 2022-06) Roy, Ritu; Roy, Asitava Deb; Bhattacharyya, Kali Sankar
Breast cancer is the most common cause of malignancy worldwide in women & second most common cause of death among them. 1 Higher number of cases have been observed from more developed regions than in less developed. 2 In India age adjusted incidence rate of breast cancer is 2.8/100000 than United Kingdom (95/100000). 3 Breast specimens for histopathological evaluation are one of the most common surgical pathology specimens encountered by a surgical pathologist. In regular breast pathology, immunohistochemistry is a useful tool for both diagnostic and prognostic purposes. Although, most breast lesions may be diagnosed using routine hematoxylin and eosin sections; but, in a few situations, such as morphologically equivocal instances or metastatic cancers of unknown source, immunohistochemistry can help to make a more accurate diagnosis. This review will focus on diagnostic immunomarkers. However, the main goal of this review is to assess the diagnostic value of the most commonly investigated immunomarkers in the field of breast pathology by a review of the literature utilising the PubMed (US National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland) database of indexed publications from 1976 to 2022.
Homeopathic medicine as a prophylaxis in today’s era
(Association of Biomedical Scientists, 2022-06) Lathiya, Pankaj
t is proven that Homeopathic medicine has dynamic power to boost host’s immunity when we prescribe as a prophylaxis in a pandemic era. The preventive aspect of homoeopathy is well known, and Historically Homoeopathy has repeatedly been used for prevention during the epidemics of cholera, Japanese encephalitis, Leptospirosis, Spanish Flu, yellow fever, scarlet fever, Diphtheria, typhoid etc. The success in those infectious epidemic diseases adds homoeopathy as an adjuvant to the standard of care in management of COVID 19. There are many evidences that suggest homoeopathy can be effective in the fight against the pandemic. The basic core of cure of homoeopathy is that a medicine that produces a set of symptoms when given to a healthy person under controlled settings can be prescribed in a highly diluted form to a disease person with those similar symptoms. This is what is known as Similia Similibus Curentur in Latin phrase that means like cures like.
Understanding speech disorders for clinical practice
(Association of Biomedical Scientists, 2022-06) Ghiya, Mahavir
Speech is the vocal utterance of language and it is considered disordered in three underlying ways: voice, articulation, and fluency, its disorder is to be studied from same pattern. The features that should be considered in determining a voice disorder are: Volume: how loudly or softly we speak, Pitch: how pleasant or unpleasant Quality: the highness or lowness of one’s voice, Rate: the speed at which one speaks. Homeoapthic repertory shows these symptoms, but caution is mechanical problem should not consider as dynamic derangement.
Palatal perforation due to disseminated histoplasmosis as the first presentation of HIV-AIDS
(Association of Biomedical Scientists, 2023-06) Lakshmanan, Archana; M, Radhika; Balan, Jithesh; K.R, Rajesh
Histoplasmosis is a systemic fungal infection caused by H. capsulatum usually in immunocompromised individuals such as those with HIV-AIDS. Though oral manifestations are rare, they could be the only and initial manifestation of HIV-AIDS. We report the case of a 23-year-old female who presented with oral ulcer and palatal perforation and detected to be suffering from disseminated histoplasmosis. She also turned out to be HIV positive. Her CD4+ count was undetectable. She responded well to intravenous liposomal Amphotericin B, oral itraconazole and antiretroviral therapy. To the best of our knowledge, histoplasmosis presenting as palatal perforation as the first manifestation of HIV-AIDS has not been reported from South India previously. A high index of suspicion is needed in such cases of exaggerated oral lesions even in states like Kerala to avoid delay in diagnosis and therapy.
Unusually large number of gall stones removed through laparoscopic cholecystectomy from a single patient- A case report
(Association of Biomedical Scientists, 2023-06) Shah, Bimal; Maheshwari, Aradhita
Gallstone disease is characterized by the formation of calculi in the gall bladder or the biliary tract. It may be asymptomatic or present as biliary colic or with complicated disease. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the mainstay of treatment for symptomatic gall stones. We describe a case of Gallstone disease in a 43-year-old female, where over seven thousand stones were removed through a Laparoscopic procedure. This is an Open Access (OA) journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
A review of the SARS-CoV-2 viral genome mutation and its effects
(Association of Biomedical Scientists, 2023-03) Bhoi, Bibekananda; Bhardwaj, Himanshu; Kumar, Maneesh
The pandemic-starting SARS-CoV-2 novel coronavirus was found in Wuhan, China. WHO declared this pandemic, which began in late 2019, in March 2020. Experts say this was the first SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. It was the first of many. This virus constantly mutates in response to its replication environment, causing waves, the deadliest of which was the delta variant-caused second wave, which killed millions worldwide. This review examines viral genome alterations and their global effects. We used references from previous research articles on this or similar issues to make our review more data-driven. We found that the virus’ mutation has caused major health problems in humans, including deaths. The viruses changed genome, proteins, local food, sanitation, immunity, and milieu may be involved. We also found that while some of the impacted variations are milder and less contagious, some have had record-breaking peaks and significant death rates in a short time. This analysis examines COVID-19’s impact on diabetes, cardiovascular disease, asthma, aging, and community hygiene. SARS-CoV-2 increases stress and blood glucose in diabetics. Clinical investigations have linked COVID-19 to cardiovascular disease, although the mechanism is uncertain. Asthmatics are more vulnerable to respiratory infections. Its effects change as one age. Cleanliness campaigns are needed to put an end to the epidemic.
The first generation and second generation antipsychotic drugs and their pharmacology in treatment of schizophrenia
(Association of Biomedical Scientists, 2022-12) Shaikh, Afroj A; Pawar, Jaydeep B; Anbhule, Sachin J.
In this review report, an attempt made to present an overview of schizophrenia & those drugs which are used in treatment of psychiatric disorders as well as some treatments for psychosis. In 1908, the schizophrenia word was coined by Eugen Bleuler (Swiss psychiatrist). The use antipsychotics as medication began from 1933 in France. Laborit and Huguenard administrated the aliphatic Phenothiazine, Chlorpromazine during surgery due to its potential anesthetic effect, in 1951. Thereafter, Hamon and Delay extended the use of this treatment in psychiatric patients. Due to abnormal brain structure & functioning occurs schizophrenia as well as psychotic disorders. Schizophrenia a condition in people unable to differentiate between real & imaginary world. In this article we all know about Schizophrenia & Antipsychotics drugs. In that include symptoms & their types, cause, risk factor, antipsychotics classification & their pharmacology etc. In that there are three types of symptoms namely positive, Negative, Cognitive. Exact causes of schizophrenia are unknown. In the treatment of Schizophrenia or psychotics disorders the physicians commonly used antipsychotic medicines or drugs to treat their symptoms. Antipsychotic drugs further divided into two major classes namely Typical & Atypical antipsychotics. Chlorpromazine is the first medicine or drug which is used to treat symptoms of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders. Clozapine is most effective or potent antipsychotics drug. Which is belongs to the atypical antipsychotics which are reducing the risk of schizoaffective patients. Physicians recommend a combination of antipsychotics along with psychotherapy. In this article we have covered Brahmyadiyoga is an Ayurvedic remedies.
Impact of the COVID 19 pandemic on the mental health and quality of life among older adults in India
(Association of Biomedical Scientists, 2023-03) Manjaly, Steve; Francis, Anu; Koonan, Siju Jose; Dhruvan, Sangeetha; Thekkethil, Deepthi
Introduction: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic rapidly spread across continents causing widespread mortality. Older adults, especially those with underlying diseases, are more susceptible for COVID-19 infection. Due to this concern, reverse quarantine was adopted as a protective strategy. This can lead to several psychological and physical detrimental effects. Aims: 1). To assess the mental health status (depression and anxiety) among elderly people in the community during the COVID-19 pandemic.2) To assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions and mental health issues on quality of life. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study among older adults (>60 yrs) residing in urban community in Central Kerala, India. Results: Of the 200 patients, more than half had moderate to high levels of anxiety and a poor social support. Depression was seen in only 1/4th of patients and that was significant in older women. Mean knowledge about COVID was below 80%. Social support was inversely associated with anxiety and depression. Anxiety and depression significantly affected QOL scores. Conclusion: This study emphasizes on the need for better mental health programmes tailored for our geriatric population. Joint multidisciplinary action plans with focus on enhancing social support can improve the quality of life of this vulnerable group
Evaluation, preparation, and description of chitosan nanoparticles, as well as improving rivaroxaban bioavailability
(Association of Biomedical Scientists, 2022-12) Jalaluddin, Mohd; Dar, Mohd Shafi; Tahir, Abu; Sahu, Deepali
The aim of the present study is the Evaluation, preparation, and description of chitosan nanoparticles and bioavilibility enhancement of rivaroxaban. Preparation of Rivaroxaban nanoparticles (RB-NPs) were prepared by the ionic gelation method. Different parameters were studied for evaluation, Preparation & description of nanoparticles. The results of the present study showed that the formulation F7 showed the significant results for all the selected parameter as compared to the other formulations. The formulation F1, F5, and F6 showed the highest production yield (52.5, 52.35, and 52.35% respectively) and F7 showed the significant production yield (51.85%), zeta-potential (23.63 mV), entrapment efficiency (99.87), particle size (316.12±2.14 nm) and poly disparity index (0.32). Nanoparticles are solid colloidal drug carriers ranging from 10—1000 nm in diameter and are composed of synthetic, natural or semi-synthetic polymers encapsulating the drug molecule.
Application of remote sensing in civil engineering
(Association of Biomedical Scientists, 2022-12) Kushwaha, Priyansha; Dubey, Shivam
Geographic Information System (GIS) is usually carried out to catch, investigate, control, and store to give any kind of geological information. The blend of planning, information base innovation, and factual examination is all that all GIS implies and that is the purpose for its utilization in structural designing. In the development business, it is utilized in the underlying stage (preliminary stage), during spatial situating that will be settled cautiously with checking GIS innovation generally utilized attributable to its potential for offering extraordinary or new ways for settling the issue identified with ecological which bring about the diminishing expense, quality improvement for projects. GIS programming resembles a multitasker that permits so numerous information plans utilized in development improvement permitting structural architects to give out information to numerous organizations in the necessary arrangement while keeping up with information unwavering quality GIS permits to reuse, oversee, share, examine information easily in this manner overseeing time and assets.
A case of isolated multiple hydatid cysts of spleen
(Association of Biomedical Scientists, 2022-03) kadian, Bhopesh; Singla, Sanjeev; Virmani, Rohit; Dwivedi, Garima; Singh, Raghvendra
Isolated splenic hydatid disease is an extremely rare entity accounting for less than 3% of the total incidence of Echinococcosis. We present a case of 26yr female presenting with pain in the left hypochondrium and low-grade fever. CECT abdomen showed three loculated lesions in spleen features suggestive of hydatid cysts. She underwent splenectomy with a specimen that showed multiple splenic hydatid cysts. This case report highlights the rare presentation of isolated multiple hydatid cysts of the spleen and its successful diagnosis and treatment.
Impact of COVID-19 containment measures on children with cancer in Indonesia
(Association of Biomedical Scientists, 2023-06) Salih, Ibrahim El; Hoogland, Iris; Kaspers, Gertjan; Mostert, Saskia; Widjajanto, Pudjo Hagung; Sutrisni, Sri
Introduction: Containment measures to limit COVID-19 spreading profoundly impact children around the globe, especially in low- and middle-income countries such as Indonesia. The aim of this case series study is to uncover the impact that COVID-19 measures have on Indonesian children with cancer and their families. Materials and Methods: A case series study was conducted in July 2021. Investigators identified three children diagnosed with cancer at an Indonesian referral hospital and studied their medical records. Caretakers were interviewed inside the hospital by an independent interviewer using a semi-structured questionnaire. Results: This study presents three children with cancer and their families. Access to proper healthcare was hindered during the COVID-19 pandemic due to mobility restrictions, medical staff shortage, limited chemotherapy and blood products availability, postponed medical procedures, and delayed or modified treatment administration. Financial hardships resulted because caretakers lost their jobs due to lockdowns and medication costs were no longer fully covered by health-insurance. Children and their relatives suffered from mental health issues. Anxiety, depression, stress, and loneliness were caused by the fear of receiving suboptimal cancer treatment, serious concerns about financial difficulties, and restricted social interactions. All families believed that COVID-19 measures worsened their children’s survival chances. Conclusion: COVID-19 measures adversely impact children with cancer and their families in Indonesia, and most likely in other low- and middle-income countries as well. Disruptions in timely and adequate childhood cancer treatment administration may importantly deteriorate survival chances. Governments and policymakers should take these indirect effects into account to protect vulnerable children and their families.
COVID-19 related myopericarditis in a 29-year-old patient: A case report
(Association of Biomedical Scientists, 2023-03) WP, Goh; JY, Khaw; JW, Tan; WA, Goh; YL, Aw Tan; SW, Tan
Introduction: The manifestations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also known as COVID-19, are mainly characterized by respiratory symptoms. However, cardiac manifestations such as acute myopericarditis have been reported to be associated with COVID-19 infection. Case Description: A 29-year-old female patient presented with a 2-day history of fever, cough, runny nose, and myalgia, and tested COVID-19 positive at Penang General Hospital, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. On day 2 of admission, the patient complained of acute onset central chest pain, radiating to her back, associated with cold sweat, shortness of breath and generalised body ache. On examination, tachycardia and tachypnoea were elicited. The serial electrocardiography (ECG) showed persistent non-specific sinus tachycardia. Troponin T level was elevated at 99 ng/L (normal <15 ng/L) and creatine kinase (CK) was at 10990 U//L (normal: <190 U/L). Her chest radiograph revealed cardiomegaly and otherwise clear lung field. CT pulmonary angiogram demonstrated evidence of bilateral pleural effusion and pericardial effusion and ruled out pulmonary embolism. The diagnosis of myopericarditis was established based on clinical, electrocardiographic, radiological, and biochemical findings. She was treated successfully with IV morphine, oral colchicine, ibuprofen, and oxygen therapy. A follow-up echocardiogram 10 weeks postCOVID demonstrated complete resolution of pericardial effusion, with an election fraction of >70%. Conclusion: COVID-19 patients may develop severe cardiac complications such as myopericarditis. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion of COVID-related myopericarditis in COVID-19 management. Further study should be implemented to investigate the association between COVID-19 and myopericarditis.
Degenerated broad ligament fibroid mimicking ovarian cyst: A case report
(Association of Biomedical Scientists, 2023-03) Reddy, S. Mounika; Shanmugham, Deepa; Gunasingh, Boomika
The commonest diagnosis of a cystic mass in the pelvis is ovarian cyst, here we report a case of cystic degeneration of broad ligament fibroid mimicking as a ovarian cyst. A 45-year-old lady presented with abdominal discomfort. On evaluation, a pelvic mass of 20 weeks size of varying consistency was noted. Ultra sonogram and Magnetic Resonance Imaging gave a differential diagnosis of right sided broad ligament fibroid and ovarian cyst. Anticipating possible ovarian mass owing to its size, laparotomy was performed and noted a large false broad ligament fibroid which has undergone cystic degeneration. Total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oopherectomy was performed, however a differential diagnosis of ovarian mass should always be made before surgery.
Knowledge regarding reverse osmosis (R.O) waste water utilization among general public in urban areas
(Association of Biomedical Scientists, 2023-03) Vyas, Prabhanshu; Solomon, Smriti G.
Introduction: Reverse osmosis (RO) is a water purification process that uses a partial permeable membrane to remove ions, unwanted molecules and larger particles from drinking water. In reverse osmosis, an applied pressure is used to overcome osmotic pressure, a colligative property that is driven by chemical potential differences of the solvent, a thermodynamic parameter. In the process of reverse osmosis the amount of water that is drained is a concern area for the people using the R.O. filtration device in their household because it wasted about 70% of the water to purify just one liter of water. This R.O. waste water can be utilized for various purposes such as washing vehicle like car bike etc, cleaning toilet this study is aimed to assess the knowledge reverse osmosis waste water utilization among general public at Indore. Objectives: 1. To assess the pretest knowledge regarding reverse osmosis (R.O) waste water utilization among general public. 2. To assess the posttest knowledge regarding reverse osmosis waste water utilization among general public. 3. To evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching program on reverse osmosis (R.O) waste water utilization among general public. Hypothesis: H1- there will be significant difference between pretest and posttest knowledge who received structured teaching program regarding the utilization of waste R.O water. Materials and Methods: Quantitative, pre-experimental, one group pretest posttest design was adopted for the study. Total of 60 general public selected by using simple randomized sampling technique was used. Description of Tools: Structured knowledge questionnaire. Result: Data was analyzes using descriptive and inferential statistics. Major Finding: In the pre-test majority of the sample (44 out of 60, 73.3%) had inadequate knowledge and in the post-test, majority (54 out of 60, 90%) had adequate knowledge regarding reverse osmosis. A paired‘t’ test was done and it showed a‘t’ value of 22.34 at 0.05 level of significance, this indicates the effectiveness of structured teaching programme in enhancing the knowledge of the general public. There was no association found between the mean pre-test knowledge of the general public. There was no association found between the mean pre-test knowledge scorer with the selected socio-demographic variable such as age (?2 = 8.643), gender (?2 = 4.455), education qualification (?2 = 4.706), Occupation (?2 = 2.531), number of family member (?2 = 5.653) and previous knowledge about reverse osmosis filter water (?2 =0.393). Conclusion: There is a significant difference between the mean pre-test and post-test knowledge score among general public regarding reverse osmosis waste water utilization.

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