The Southeast Asian Journal of Case Report and Reviews

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https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/149642

Editor in Chief : Dr. B D Parmar,

ISSN: 2319 – 1090 (Online)

Frequency: 6issues a year

Language: English

Periodical of National Institute of Continuing Professional Development

Online Peer-reviewed journal

Web site: https://www.scopemed.org/?jid=83&sec=eboard/

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 30

Liver abscess: A case study
(Association of Biomedical Scientists, 2022-03) Nikitha, G; Nishanth, S; Ruchitha, D.
Liver abscess is a suppurative lesion in the liver formed as a result of invasion and multiplication of microorganisms which gain access by entering directly from an injury through the blood vessels or by the biliary ductal system/ septicemia, direct infection latrogenic & cryptogenic. It can be diagnosed by comparing the lab values with the diseased condition such as hemoglobin (10.9g/dl), neutrophils (83), ESR (120mm), Serum albumin (3.4g/dl), ALP (245U/L), Gamma GT (347U/L), prothrombin time (25.2 seconds), APTT (37.9 seconds). By performing the above tests, we have confirmed that the patient was suffering from liver abscess.
Middle phalanx epidermoid cyst, an unusual site: A case report
(Association of Biomedical Scientists, 2022-03) Makkar, Dheeraj
Background: Epidermoid cysts are cutaneous cysts frequently observed among farmers, factory workers, carpenters, and tailors due to their occupations’ predilection for repetitive minor hand trauma. Case Presentation: A 66-year-old male laborer presented to our hospital with a swelling on the palmar aspect of his right middle finger. The swelling was accompanied by pain and an inability to work over the previous four months. A 2.5 cm × 2.5 cm smooth, tender, immobile, non-compressible hard swelling was detected just above the middle phalanx during the clinical examination on the volar aspect of the right middle finger. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology after excision. The patient’s range of motion improved significantly following surgery, and his pain subsided. Conclusion: We present a novel location for an epidermal inclusion cyst and the importance of histopathologic evaluation in this case. Additionally, we emphasize the significance of extensively checking the cyst’s epithelium to guarantee complete capsule removal and rule out any additional pathology.
A case of isolated multiple hydatid cysts of spleen
(Association of Biomedical Scientists, 2022-03) kadian, Bhopesh; Singla, Sanjeev; Virmani, Rohit; Dwivedi, Garima; Singh, Raghvendra
Isolated splenic hydatid disease is an extremely rare entity accounting for less than 3% of the total incidence of Echinococcosis. We present a case of 26yr female presenting with pain in the left hypochondrium and low-grade fever. CECT abdomen showed three loculated lesions in spleen features suggestive of hydatid cysts. She underwent splenectomy with a specimen that showed multiple splenic hydatid cysts. This case report highlights the rare presentation of isolated multiple hydatid cysts of the spleen and its successful diagnosis and treatment.
The after-effects of COVID-19 on academia and scientific community: Researchers perspective
(Association of Biomedical Scientists, 2022-03) Sultan, Amina; Juneja, Akanksha; Kaur, Gurvinder
The commotion pandemic has caused has affected almost every aspect of the academic community. Distancing and issues related to the risk of spread have caused researchers to stop most of their most non-COVID clinical trials and experiments, causing a reduction in recruitment of research associates and a lag in data entry into clinical trial databases. Fresh graduates and research scholars who have not yet begun their doctoral research or postdoctoral fellowship are among the most who will endure the consequences. Few valuable crowdfunding options have surfaced to help fund effective scientific research that may otherwise not receive financial support. The institutes affected by the COVID-19 pandemic can seek extra financial aid to cover expenditures that arise from projects being delayed or derailed. The research community should raise awareness of the challenges faced by universities and researchers worldwide and clearly explain the need for action to prevent or limit any further unfavorable consequences.
Comparative study of wound healing following purse-string closure versus conventional linear closure for stoma reversal
(Association of Biomedical Scientists, 2022-03) Roy, Vivek Kumar; Jaiswal, Pradeep; Kumar, Mukesh; Roy, Sukalyan Saha; Sinha, Saumya; Kumari, Anjili; Gopal, Krishna
Background: Stoma closure is associated with several complications, wound infection being the most common. This study is done to establish that purse string suture closure method for stoma closure is superior to the conventional linear mattress closure and is associated with better wound healing cosmesis. Materials and Methods: This Prospective randomized controlled study enrolled 80 patients who underwent stoma closure from April 2021 to March 2022 in department of General Surgery in IGIMS, Patna. Patients were divided in two groups inclusive of ileostomy and colostomy based on type of closure technique. Conventional linear closure method was applied to Group A and purse-string technique applied to Group B patients. All Patients were followed regularly upto three months after operation. Rate of infection, pain as assessed by VAS score and satisfaction as assessed by POSAS Score were done. Results: Purse string Closure had better outcome in terms of wound infection rate and Cosmetic results over a 3 months follow up. Ten patients in Group A and 2 from Group B out of 40 patients had wound infection. Patients with purse-string suture had statistically significant greater satisfaction over 3 months. Medium operative time of Group A was 100 minutes and that of Group B was 98 minutes. There were no significant difference in regards duration of hospital stay was more in Linear Group than Purse String (Group B). Conclusion: Purse-string closure was associated with better cosmesis and lower infection rate in comparison to Linear conventional closure.
Comparative analysis of P-POSSUM score at admission and pre-operatively in predicting postoperative mortality in patients undergoing emergency laparotomy
(Association of Biomedical Scientists, 2022-06) Roy, Vivek Kumar; Roy, Sukalyan Saha; Kumar, Mukesh; Sinha, Saumya; Gopa, Krishna
Introduction: Laprotomy remains one of the commonest emergency surgical procedure performed worldwide. But over the last few years, various perioperative quality improvement initiatives involving early interventions, intensive postoperative care, and indivisualised care approaches have ensured a decrease in the average mortality rate by 3.8%-8.3. An ideal scoring system should accurately predict outcomes, help determine who deserves more aggressive care, guide in deciding the extensiveness of surgery, and can be used broadly access emergency laprotomies for various disease pathologies. The scoring system should also be capable of analyzing risk adjusted morbidity and mortality amongst various healthcare providers. Aim: To access the accuracy of P-POSSUM score on predicting the mortality and morbidity in emergency laparotomy patients and to establish that the preoperative score is more accurate that admission score. Materials and Methods: 150 Cases of emergency laparotomy in General Surgery Department in IGIMS, Patna from September, 2020 to February, 2022 were taken up in this study. Patients below 18 years, routine surgery and 6 patients who could not be followed up for complete 30 days were excluded. Physiological P-POSSUM was calculated at the time of admission and just before operation, post resuscitation. Operative score was same for both Physiological P-POSSUM scores. Results: Mortality predicted at admission had statistically significant difference and p value was<0 xss=removed>.05. Most common complication was wound infection followed by septicaemia. Conclusion: P-POSSUM is a better predictor of mortality and morbidity in emergency laparotomies when scoring is done preoperatively.
Role of immunohistochemical markers in breast carcinoma and other breast pathologies: A review with a note on recent update
(Association of Biomedical Scientists, 2022-06) Roy, Ritu; Roy, Asitava Deb; Bhattacharyya, Kali Sankar
Breast cancer is the most common cause of malignancy worldwide in women & second most common cause of death among them. 1 Higher number of cases have been observed from more developed regions than in less developed. 2 In India age adjusted incidence rate of breast cancer is 2.8/100000 than United Kingdom (95/100000). 3 Breast specimens for histopathological evaluation are one of the most common surgical pathology specimens encountered by a surgical pathologist. In regular breast pathology, immunohistochemistry is a useful tool for both diagnostic and prognostic purposes. Although, most breast lesions may be diagnosed using routine hematoxylin and eosin sections; but, in a few situations, such as morphologically equivocal instances or metastatic cancers of unknown source, immunohistochemistry can help to make a more accurate diagnosis. This review will focus on diagnostic immunomarkers. However, the main goal of this review is to assess the diagnostic value of the most commonly investigated immunomarkers in the field of breast pathology by a review of the literature utilising the PubMed (US National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland) database of indexed publications from 1976 to 2022.
Homeopathic medicine as a prophylaxis in today’s era
(Association of Biomedical Scientists, 2022-06) Lathiya, Pankaj
t is proven that Homeopathic medicine has dynamic power to boost host’s immunity when we prescribe as a prophylaxis in a pandemic era. The preventive aspect of homoeopathy is well known, and Historically Homoeopathy has repeatedly been used for prevention during the epidemics of cholera, Japanese encephalitis, Leptospirosis, Spanish Flu, yellow fever, scarlet fever, Diphtheria, typhoid etc. The success in those infectious epidemic diseases adds homoeopathy as an adjuvant to the standard of care in management of COVID 19. There are many evidences that suggest homoeopathy can be effective in the fight against the pandemic. The basic core of cure of homoeopathy is that a medicine that produces a set of symptoms when given to a healthy person under controlled settings can be prescribed in a highly diluted form to a disease person with those similar symptoms. This is what is known as Similia Similibus Curentur in Latin phrase that means like cures like.
Understanding speech disorders for clinical practice
(Association of Biomedical Scientists, 2022-06) Ghiya, Mahavir
Speech is the vocal utterance of language and it is considered disordered in three underlying ways: voice, articulation, and fluency, its disorder is to be studied from same pattern. The features that should be considered in determining a voice disorder are: Volume: how loudly or softly we speak, Pitch: how pleasant or unpleasant Quality: the highness or lowness of one’s voice, Rate: the speed at which one speaks. Homeoapthic repertory shows these symptoms, but caution is mechanical problem should not consider as dynamic derangement.
Submandibular region Schwannoma: A case report
(Association of Biomedical Scientists, 2022-06) Sheikh, Rayees Ahmad
Approximately 25-40% of the total schwannomas, are head and neck Schwannomas, they may originate from nerve sheath of the peripheral, cranial or autonomic nerves. We report a case of Schwannoma of right side Submandibular region in a 25 year old female with no significant dental, personal or medical history. Schwannomas are slowly progressive benign lesions, the patient presents with a mass or swelling that is growing in size slowly. The lesions are usually painless non-tender, smooth swelling beneath the mucosa with no changes in the overlying skin. An Ultrasound revealed well circumscribed hypoechoic solid lesion with internal vascularity. The lesion on T1 weighted MRI images exhibits homogenous isointensity and on T2 weighted MRI images exhibits heterogenous hyperintensity, on contrast enhanced T1 MRI images it exhibits salt and pepper type of enhancement. The diagnosis of Schwannoma is confirmed histopathologically by showing the presence of Antoni type A cells and Antoni type B cells, nuclear palisading, whirling of cells and Verocay bodies. This tumor may have originated from an autonomic nerve of the submandibular gland.
Knowledge regarding breast self examination among adolescent girls
(Association of Biomedical Scientists, 2022-09) Thakur, Manjula; Thakur, Reena; Chicholkar, Jitendra
Introduction: A breast exam is a self-inspection of the breasts. During a breast exam, eyes used to see and hands to observe the appearance and feel the breast. Breast exams allow becoming more familiar with girls breasts. Materials and Methods: This study made use of an evaluative approach with one group pretest and post test design. The sample for the study sample comprised of 60 adolescent girls. A disproportionate purposive sampling technique was used to select 60 adolescent girls. The tool and STP were validated by 7 experts. Pre testing and reliability of the tool was established prior to pilot study. Pilot study was conducted among ten adolescent girls. this gave basis for the invigilator to conduct the actual study .the actual study was conducted among 60 adolescent girls .following the pretest, STP Was administered and post test was conducted seven days after the administration of STP. The obtained data was analyzed in terms of the objectives and hypothesis using descriptive and inferential statistics. Interpretation: The finding of the study showed that STP is an effective teaching strategy to increase knowledge of adolescent girls. Results: The finding of the study proved that adolescent girls lacked knowledge about breast self examination. The STP given by the investigator helped the adolescent girls to improve their knowledge and the finding showed that it is statistically significant at 0.05 level of significance.
Here\'s what really matters in vitiligo; Vitamin D3 and lifestyle
(Association of Biomedical Scientists, 2022-09) Singla, S; Makkar, Dheeraj
Epidermal melanocyte deficit is the basis of Vitiligo. It is a prolonged condition that may be inherited or acquired. Vitiligo affects 1-2 percent of the global population of all races. Several processes have been hypothesized for the breakdown of melanocytes in Vitiligo. These include genetic, autoimmune, oxidative stress, inflammatory mediator production, and melanocyte detachment processes. Vitamin D suppresses UVB-induced apoptosis in keratinocytes and melanocytes by reducing IL-6, IL-8, TNF-a, and TNF-c production. It reduces the autoimmune linked to Vitiligo. We conducted a case-control study in which we compared the level of Vitamin D in patients with Vitiligo and healthy cases. We confirmed our diagnosis with biopsy and utilized the Elisa method to assess the level of Vitamin D. The concentrations of Vitamin D in individuals with Vitiligo were much lower than in controls; however, we did not find a significant effect of vitamin D deficiency on the progression of Vitiligo lesions. Therefore we conclude that Vitamin D is involved in the genesis of Vitiligo, and replenishing the levels may help the patient recover faster.
Diving ranula- A case report and review
(Association of Biomedical Scientists, 2022-09) Kashyap, Alisha; Bahl, Rashi; Bahal, Megha
Pathologies developing on the floor of the mouth create difficulty for the patient and pose a challenge to oral physicians both clinically and surgically as this area manifests numerous vital structures. While diagnosing, an accurate differential diagnosis should be established to rule out other lesions that usually occur on the floor of the mouth such as ranula, lipoma, salivary gland tumours, dermoid cyst, and vascular lesions. Cystic lesions developing from the salivary glands are commonly known as "mucoceles", these lesions develop mostly in relation to the minor salivary glands and rarely, in relation to the major salivary glands. Mucoceles basically are of two types: Mucous retention cyst and Mucous extravasation cyst. A Ranula is a form of mucous extravasation cyst which commonly occurs on the floor of the mouth. Deep seated lesions when herniate through mylohyoid muscle give rise to a clinical variant; plunging or cervical Ranula. Various treatment modalities for ranula has been suggested that include excision of lesion with or without excision of ipsilateral sublingual salivary gland, marsupialization, aspiration of cystic fluid, sclerotherapy, incision and drainage and many more. Those various treatments have shown diverse results. Here we present a case report and review of Sublingual Ranula in a 47-year-old female patient, treated with the excision of the Ranula. A follow-up of 3 months revealed no recurrence.
Thrombectomy using aspiration catheter- An effective first line approach for resistant thrombi in patient of acute myocardial infarction
(Association of Biomedical Scientists, 2022-09) Tamakuwala, Krunal Krishnakant; Bhavsar, Masum; Nanda, Vivek
Acute myocardial infarction is caused by the rupture or erosion of an atherosclerotic plaque, initiating intraluminal thrombosis resulting in partial or complete occlusion of a coronary artery. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the preferred treatment and is effective in opening the infarct-related artery. These results can be further improved with thrombus aspiration which reduces stent thrombosis and improves myocardial blush. In acute presentation, there is a high load of thrombus in the infarctrelated artery and stent placement in such a case increases the chances of the thrombus shifting both proximally and distally in the microvasculature. In such patient, deferred stenting along with the attempt of thrombus aspiration has the potential for complete thrombus removal with improvement in TIMI flow which eliminates the need of stenting. Here, we present an interesting case report pertaining to the feasibility of multiple thrombus aspiration attempts (>25) as first approach in young patient (Male/32 years/no comorbidities) with late presentation of STEMI and a large resistant thrombus load on an angiogram. We also re-assessed the need of stenting after 5 days of thrombus aspiration attempt along with continued anticoagulation from the first contact with patient.
Effect of video- assisted teaching on knowledge regarding early detection and prevention of cervical cancer among women
(Association of Biomedical Scientists, 2022-09) Kumar, Anu V
Introduction: Cancer is the second most common disease in India responsible for maximum mortality with about 0.3 million deaths per year. This is owing to the poor availability of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Almost 9 out of 10 deaths occur from cervical cancer in less developed countries. Cancer of the cervix is largely preventable. The risk can be minimized by promotion of sexual risk reduction behavior and genital hygiene. Further prevention can be achieved by screening, using Visual Inspection with Acidic Acid (VIA) or Pap smear test, which can detect precancerous lesions early so as to prevent progress towards invasive cancer by timely treatment. Materials and Methods: A pre-experimental, One-group pre-test post-test design was undertaken for the study. 300 women were selected as the sample, Non- probability convenient sampling technique was utilized to select the sample from the population. After assessing knowledge video assisted teaching was implemented. After intervention on 7th day the post-test knowledge was assessed. Chi-square was used to measure the association of background variables of patients. ‘t’ test was used to assess the effectiveness of structured interventional programme of the patients. In the comparison between mean pretest and posttest knowledge score it is clear that during the pretest the knowledge score was poor (40%), fair ( 10%), good ( 40%) and excellent ( 10%), and after the administration of video assisted teaching, posttest was done and there was an improvement in the knowledge score of the female by poor (0%), fair (16.7%), good (23.3%) and excellent was( 60%), so there was a great difference in the knowledge score between the pre-test and posttest. Result: The mean pretest knowledge score was 13.67 ± 7.66, while the posttest knowledge score was 23.80 ± 5.53 and the computed t value was found to be 19.105, The difference was found to be statistically significant. There will be significant association between the pretest knowledge score and selected demographic variables at the level of P? 0.05. is accepted as there is significant association between pretest knowledge score and selected demographic variables like religion, marital status, Age of women at marriage, no. of times they have conceived, methods of contraception’s, educational status, occupation, kinds of addiction, recurrent infections, history of cancer in family, previous information regarding cancer, history of pap test. Conclusion: The study recommended the utilization of video assisted teaching programme by community health nurses, nurse researchers, nurse administrators, nurse educators and health care professionals to improve knowledge of early detection of cervical cancer.
The first generation and second generation antipsychotic drugs and their pharmacology in treatment of schizophrenia
(Association of Biomedical Scientists, 2022-12) Shaikh, Afroj A; Pawar, Jaydeep B; Anbhule, Sachin J.
In this review report, an attempt made to present an overview of schizophrenia & those drugs which are used in treatment of psychiatric disorders as well as some treatments for psychosis. In 1908, the schizophrenia word was coined by Eugen Bleuler (Swiss psychiatrist). The use antipsychotics as medication began from 1933 in France. Laborit and Huguenard administrated the aliphatic Phenothiazine, Chlorpromazine during surgery due to its potential anesthetic effect, in 1951. Thereafter, Hamon and Delay extended the use of this treatment in psychiatric patients. Due to abnormal brain structure & functioning occurs schizophrenia as well as psychotic disorders. Schizophrenia a condition in people unable to differentiate between real & imaginary world. In this article we all know about Schizophrenia & Antipsychotics drugs. In that include symptoms & their types, cause, risk factor, antipsychotics classification & their pharmacology etc. In that there are three types of symptoms namely positive, Negative, Cognitive. Exact causes of schizophrenia are unknown. In the treatment of Schizophrenia or psychotics disorders the physicians commonly used antipsychotic medicines or drugs to treat their symptoms. Antipsychotic drugs further divided into two major classes namely Typical & Atypical antipsychotics. Chlorpromazine is the first medicine or drug which is used to treat symptoms of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders. Clozapine is most effective or potent antipsychotics drug. Which is belongs to the atypical antipsychotics which are reducing the risk of schizoaffective patients. Physicians recommend a combination of antipsychotics along with psychotherapy. In this article we have covered Brahmyadiyoga is an Ayurvedic remedies.
Evaluation, preparation, and description of chitosan nanoparticles, as well as improving rivaroxaban bioavailability
(Association of Biomedical Scientists, 2022-12) Jalaluddin, Mohd; Dar, Mohd Shafi; Tahir, Abu; Sahu, Deepali
The aim of the present study is the Evaluation, preparation, and description of chitosan nanoparticles and bioavilibility enhancement of rivaroxaban. Preparation of Rivaroxaban nanoparticles (RB-NPs) were prepared by the ionic gelation method. Different parameters were studied for evaluation, Preparation & description of nanoparticles. The results of the present study showed that the formulation F7 showed the significant results for all the selected parameter as compared to the other formulations. The formulation F1, F5, and F6 showed the highest production yield (52.5, 52.35, and 52.35% respectively) and F7 showed the significant production yield (51.85%), zeta-potential (23.63 mV), entrapment efficiency (99.87), particle size (316.12±2.14 nm) and poly disparity index (0.32). Nanoparticles are solid colloidal drug carriers ranging from 10—1000 nm in diameter and are composed of synthetic, natural or semi-synthetic polymers encapsulating the drug molecule.
Application of remote sensing in civil engineering
(Association of Biomedical Scientists, 2022-12) Kushwaha, Priyansha; Dubey, Shivam
Geographic Information System (GIS) is usually carried out to catch, investigate, control, and store to give any kind of geological information. The blend of planning, information base innovation, and factual examination is all that all GIS implies and that is the purpose for its utilization in structural designing. In the development business, it is utilized in the underlying stage (preliminary stage), during spatial situating that will be settled cautiously with checking GIS innovation generally utilized attributable to its potential for offering extraordinary or new ways for settling the issue identified with ecological which bring about the diminishing expense, quality improvement for projects. GIS programming resembles a multitasker that permits so numerous information plans utilized in development improvement permitting structural architects to give out information to numerous organizations in the necessary arrangement while keeping up with information unwavering quality GIS permits to reuse, oversee, share, examine information easily in this manner overseeing time and assets.
Case report -Cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy
(Association of Biomedical Scientists, 2022-12) Gaur, Yashodhara; Jain, Renu; Gurjar, Seema
Cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy is one of the rarest of all ectopic pregnancy increase in number of cesarean section leads to increase in number of cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy. Early diagnosis and prompt management help in reducing mortality and morbidity occuring due to scar ectopic pregnancy. We are reporting a rare case of cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy G5P3L3D1 with period of gestation 7 weeks 3 days with previous all 4 deliveries by cesarean section. Cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy are life threatening as they pose a great risk of maternal hemorrhage as the patient vital are the stable patient managed medically with injection Methotrexate
A case of sudden death due to pulmonary embolism of bone marrow origin, masked as acute drug toxicity: A rare case in a bewildering clinical scenario
(Association of Biomedical Scientists, 2022-12) Bandyopadhyay, Chandan; Nandi, Ayandip; Mukherjee, Archita
Introduction: Sudden death is unexpected death within 24 hours from the onset of symptoms with or without known preexisting conditions. Respiratory pathologies are the second most common cause of such deaths. Brief History of Case: 39 years old male patient with a history of mental illness for the last 10 years and on regular treatment with antipsychotic medications, suffered sudden deterioration of higher functions and was admitted to the Medical College, and Hospital, Kolkata with a provisional diagnosis of drug toxicity. He succumbed to his condition within 24 hours of admission and the dead body was referred to Kolkata Police Morgue for a medicolegal autopsy. Gross autopsy findings: Shows multi-system involvement in the form of Pulmonary Oedema, consolidation, broncho-pneumonic changes and subpleural petechiae, Cardiomegaly due to biventricular hypertrophy, Cerebral Oedema, Enlarged kidneys with loss of cortico-medullary differentiation and streaky cortico-medullary haemorrhages. Stomach findings were unremarkable. Salient findings in ancillary investigations: 1) Toxicological Examination of blood, bile, vitreous and routine viscera was negative for any poison or pharmacological agents. 2) Histopathological examination with routine H&E staining showed Pulmonary oedema with lymphocytic infiltration and the presence of fat and hematopoietic precursor cells in pulmonary vessels, Interstitial Oedema and focal glomerulosclerosis and Periportal inflammation in the liver.

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