Thai Cancer Journal
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Item Cervical Cancer Survival at the National Cancer Institute, Thailand(Thai Cancer Journal, 2011-02-03) Sukumarn Sanersak Swangvaree; Nithinai Tangprasert; Araya Adulbhan; Sujira Foongfaung; Siriporn Talacheep; Orawan Muangsamran; Daoroong Thepsuwan; Chariya Sanguansai; Kanokwan Tabtimsri; Pentipya Chaowalit; Porntip Boonpen; Paranee Ratanaphasura; Watchraporn Boonrung; Lumyong Krairittichai; Ousa NaksuwanThis retrospective descriptive study assessed cervical-cancer patient survival at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) of Thailand. All patients with cervical cancer, admitted to the NCI during the period 1987-2005, were included in the study. A total of 318 patients who met the study criteria were selected. The mean age of the patients was 52.24 years. Most of the cervical cancers were FIGO stage IIB. Our findings revealed that the 5-year overall survival rate for patients who received treatment at the NCI was 64.9%. The 5-year survival rates were 88.6% for stage I, 63.7% for stage II, 41.2% for stage III, and 33.3% for stage IV. In conclusion, we found that the survival rates of cervical-cancer patients who received treatment at the NCI were comparable to, or better than, those in other Asian countries. (Thai Cancer J 2010;30:87-93)Item กรดเอลลาจิกและฤทธิ์ต้านมะเร็ง(Thai Cancer Journal, 2011-02-03) วรางคณา จุ้งลกAbstract not availableItem Determination of HER-2/neu Gene Amplification in Breast Cancer Using Real-Time Quantitative PCR and Comparison with Immunohistochemical and Chromogenic in-situ Hybridization Results(Thai Cancer Journal, 2011-02-03) Preecha Ruangvejvorachai; Sunanta Chariyalertsak; Wichai Purisa; Songkhun VinyuvatHER-2/neu status is used as a marker for Herceptin\® therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) in determining the HER-2/neu amplification status of breast cancer, by comparing qPCR, CISH, and chromogenic in-situ hybridization (CISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) results from the same samples. Thirty breast carcinomas were examined using the three methods. Twenty-two tumors were 2+ or 3+ positive with IHC, while eight samples were either completely negative or 1+. Fifteen positive and twelve negative cases were detected by both CISH and qPCR, which led to similar results. Comparison of CISH and qPCR together with IHC showed that qPCR was more sensitive in detecting HER-2/neu gene amplification in tumors scored as 2+ with IHC. In conclusion, qPCR may serve as useful alternative to CISH for detecting HER-2/neu gene amplification in breast-cancer patients. (Thai Cancer J 2010;30:104-111)Item Item Environmental risk factors for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a case-control study in Chonburi, Thailand(Thai Cancer Journal, 2011-02-11) Kittisak Thepsuwan; Chokaew Tovanabutra; Thapana Tangshewinsirikul; Watcharee Jaroenphol; Orawan Laoaree; Chulalak Khanboon; Khuanjai Tanjalaen; Siwaporn Nontadee; Juthatip Punworn; Suleeporn SangkrajangNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has a unique and complex etiology that is incompletely understood. The incidence of NPC varies widely by geographic location and ethnic background. To understand the role of environmental exposures in the risk of NPC, a case-control study was conducted among 115 newly diagnosed cases of NPC and 85 controls matched by sex, age, and geographic residence. Data were collected by interview for demographic variables, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, eating habits, history of disease, family history of cancer, and lifetime history of every job held for one year or longer. The results suggested a strong influence of EBV infection on NPC risk (OR=35, 95%CI= 11.44-110.42). Cigarette smoking was also associated with 2.24-fold increased risk of NPC (OR= 2.24, 95% CI=1.09-4.58). Increased risk was indicated with a history of chronic ear or nose disease (OR= 5.1, 95% CI =1.31-20.00). Furthermore, lower education levels were positively associated with NPC (OR= 2.23, 95% CI= 1.09-4.57). There was no association between NPC and salted-fish intake (OR= 1.38, 95% CI= 0.84-2.25) or alcohol consumption (OR= 0.88, 95% CI= 0.58-1.33). In summary, our results suggested that many risk factors\—including EBV infection, smoking, and chronic ear or nose disease, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of NPC. (Thai Cancer J 2010;30:135-144)Item การตรวจคัดกรองมะเร็งเต้านมระยะเริ่มแรกเชิงรุกในกลุ่มเสี่ยง(Thai Cancer Journal, 2010-04-07) . .Item Comparison of Amount of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity Between Green Tea Beverage and Tea Freshly Prepared from Green Tea Leaf(Thai Cancer Journal, 2011-02-11) Pornsri Patimanukasea; Yuttana Punya-NgarmFree radical damage may lead to cancer. Green tea contains antioxidant phenolic compounds that interact and stabilize free radicals. Green tea is widely consumed around the world. Conventionally, tea has been prepared by brewing dried tea leaves with hot water. Due to their worldwide acceptance, ready-to-drink green-tea beverages with different concentrations of tea have been manufactured for consumer convenience. This study aimed to compare amount of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity between green tea beverages and tea freshly prepared from dried green-tea leaf. Green-tea beverages without artificial flavoring (n=16) and dried green-tea leaf (n=5), available in Bangkok, were collected. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power methods. The differences in the amounts of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity, between green tea beverages and tea freshly prepared from dried green-tea leaf, were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U Test using a 95% confidence limit. The correlation between the amount of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of green-tea beverages, and tea freshly prepared from dried green tea leaf, were determined by Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient. It was found that the amount of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of tea freshly prepared from dried green tea leaf were significantly higher than the green tea beverages (p\<0.05). A positive correlation between the amount of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were found in both green tea beverages (r=0.845) and tea freshly prepared from dried green-tea leaf (r=0.975). (Thai Cancer J 2010;30:127-134)Item นาโนเทคโนโลยีกับการรักษาโรคมะเร็ง(Thai Cancer Journal, 2011-02-11) บรรณาธิการ EditorAbstract not availableItem Polymorphism of Glutathione S-Transferase Omega 2 and Patient Outcome in Breast Cancer(Thai Cancer Journal, 2011-02-11) Sunanta Chariyalertsak; Wichai Purisa; Pensri SaeleeA new class of glutathione S-transferase enzymes, named omega, (GSTO) has recently been identified and shown to be expressed in various human tissues. Though GSTO1 and GSTO2 polymorphisms have been reported and found to be associated with the risk of certain cancers, their correlation with cancer-patient outcomes has been demonstrated in a very small number of studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential relationship between GSTO2 polymorphism and clinical outcome parameters and the disease-free survival of breast-cancer patients. DNA was extracted from the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded breast-cancer tissues of 83 patients; gene polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). No significant association was found between GSTO2 polymorphism and clinical outcome parameters or five-year disease-free patient survival. It was concluded that GSTO2 polymorphism does not influence the clinical outcome or survival of breast cancer patients. (Thai Cancer J 30;4:153-159)Item Detection of Serum CSLEX Levels in Breast Cancer Patients(Thai Cancer Journal, 2011-02-11) Danai Tiwawech; Wanchalerm Nunvititpong; Adisak Sornprom; Arkom Chaiwerawattana; Chanin ApiwanichBreast cancer (BRC) is an important malignant disease. Its incidence is highest among the female cancers in Thailand, with a trend to increase annually. The discovery of new tumor markers is urgently needed, to enable BRC to be detected in its early stages, to improve prognosis, to monitor treatment, and to detect recurrence, and thereby control this serious neoplasm. It has been reported that CSLEX (sialyl LewisX), a cancer-associated carbohydrate antigen on cancer-cell membrane, can be detected in the serum of cancer patients at higher levels than healthy controls; it can be used for monitoring the treatment of patients with cancers of the lung, stomach, colon, and breast. The aims of this study were to investigate differences in the serum CSLEX levels of BRC patients and healthy controls, and the correlation of serum CSLEX levels with stages and histological types. The level of serum CSLEX was measured in 200 breast-cancer patients and 200 healthy controls by enzyme immunoassay technique. The average level of serum CSLEX in the breast-cancer group was 12.14 + 15.70 U/ml (mean + SD) which was significantly higher than the healthy control group (3.56 + 2.41 U/ml) (p\<0.001). In the healthy control group, the cutoff value was 8.38 U/ml (mean + 2SD). The sensitivity and specificity of serum CSLEX for the detection of BRC were 69.0% and 98.0%, respectively. The serum CSLEX levels increased among the advanced-stage BRC patients. However, no correlation was found between serum CSLEX level and histological type. The findings of this study suggest that the detection of serum CSLEX level may be a useful tool for the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancers among Thai women. (Thai Cancer J 2010;30:145-152)Item Detection of GSTM1 and GSTT1 Polymorphisms in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients by Multiplex PCR Assay(Thai Cancer Journal, 2011-02-03) Danai Tiwawech; Somjin Chindavijak; Yaninee Jarratwisarutporn; Takafumi IshidaNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common cancer and a serious public-health problem in Thailand. Glutathione S-transferase Mu1 and Theta1 gene (GSTM1 and GSTT1) are involved in the prevention of cancer, by encoding GSTM1 and GSTT1 enzymes to detoxify various electrophiles derived from environmental carcinogens. GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms are reportedly associated with several malignancies and can be used as a genetic risk marker for cancer. Nevertheless, GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphism detection using the conventional polymerase chain reaction (C-PCR) assay is complicated and time-consuming, and thus unsuitable for mass screening. A faster multiplex PCR (M-PCR) assay has been developed to help overcome these problems. The present study aimed to establish the M-PCR assay for GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphism detection in NPC patients, and confirm the results of the new assay with the C-PCR assay. Eighty DNA samples, extracted from the peripheral blood leukocytes of Thai NPC patients, were examined for GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphism [GSTM1 normal genotype (GSTM1+), GSTM1 null genotype (GSTM1-), GSTT1 normal genotype (GSTT1+), and GSTT1 null genotype (GSTT1-)] by M-PCR and C-PCR assays. The GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphism-detection results in all NPC cases by M-PCR assay agreed with the C-PCR assay ( = 1.0). In addition, the M-PCR assay was a simple, faster, and less costly method for GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphism detection than the C-PCR assay. The present study suggests that GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphism detection by M-PCR assay is a reliable and suitable tool for screening high-risk NPC groups. (Thai Cancer J 2010;30:94-103)Item Male Breast cancer(Thai Cancer Journal, 2011-02-11) Thep ChalermchaiMale breast cancer is an uncommon disease. A painless lump in the breast is the most common presentation. Over 40% of male breast cancers present late, with stage III or IV, i.e., advanced, disease. Most male breast cancers tend to be diagnosed at an older age than female breast cancers. The main etiologies included hormonal imbalance, genetic factors, occupation, and prior radiation exposure. Surgery with mastectomy and axillary clearance or sentinel node biopsy is the mainstay of treatment. Less radical procedures than mastectomy, such as wide excision or lumpectomy, represent alternatives but have normally been reported as suboptimal approaches with greater risk of relapse. For histologic subtypes, both invasive and in-situ forms of ductal carcinoma have commonly been diagnosed. Over 90% of these tumors are hormonal-receptor-positive; therefore, hormonal inhibition with tamoxifen is the standard adjuvant therapy. Some individuals would also benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. The indications for radiotherapy and chemotherapy for males are similar to females with breast cancer. For metastatic disease, hormonal therapy is the main treatment, but chemotherapy can also provide palliation. Little is known about this specific disease; however, more knowledge is being gained and an improved understanding of male breast cancer is increasingly required, to improve clinical knowledge and support further treatment. (Thai Cancer J 30;4:160-169)Item Strengthening Hope and Self-esteem for the Cancer Patients with Depression : the study Ubon Ratchathani Cancer Center(Thai Cancer Journal, 2010-04-07) Chaliya Wamaloon; Jirungkoon Nattharungsri; Patchanee Thepe-apiruk; Sililak NgeoywijitThe purpose was to study the effect of hope and self-esteem strengthening program on the cancer patients with depression. Twenty-two cancer patients who received radiation therapy at the Ubon Ratchathani Cancer center between May 2007 to June 2007 were enrolled in this study. Thirteen patients were assigned to be the experimental group and the other nine were the control group, all of whom, received conventional nursing care. A hope and self-esteem strengthening program was used in this study. The hope, self-esteem inventory and depression scale were employed to evaluate, and the reliability was performed by using Cronbach’s coefficient, at 0.89, 0.91 and 0.86 respectively.The findings revealed that, after joining the program, there was a significant increase in hope and self-esteem (P \< 0.01) and a significant decrease in depression among the experimental group whereas no significant difference was found in the control group. Moreover, self-esteem in the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P \< 0.05), but no significance of the hope and depression was observed among the study group.Item Thai Cancer J Vol.30, No.1-4, 2010(Thai Cancer Journal, 2011-02-11) Author\&Title Index INDEXAbstract not availableItem Histopathologic Correlation of ASC-US and ASC-H(Thai Cancer Journal, 2010-04-06) Jidapa ThammasiriThis descriptive study was designed to study the histopathologic correlation of atypical squamous cell in cervical smear at the National Cancer Institute from October 1,2005 to September 30,2007. Sixty-three cases of ASC-US were performed colposcopic biopsy and/or LEEP. The histologic diagnosis revealed low grade lesion or LSIL in 11 cases (17.4%), high grade lesion (HSIL or worse) 16 cases (25.4%), atypical squamous metaplasia 1 case (1.6%), and inflammation 35 cases (55.6%). In the category of ASC-H, 105 cases were performed colposcopy, which the histologic diagnosis revealed low grade lesion or CIN 1 in 21 cases (20 %), high grade lesion (CIN 2 or worse) 45 cases (42.9%), atypical squamous metaplasia 7 cases (6.7 %), and inflammation 32 cases (30.5 %). Cases classified as ASC-H are associated with a significant risk of high grade lesion than ASC-US category. However, this study assumed that patients with atypical squamous cell either ASC-US or ASC-H according to the 2001 Bethesda System classification should receive the proper management since they have an increase risk of underlying cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and rarely carcinoma.Item Study of Behaviors and Attitudes related to Eating Raw Freshwater Fish and Cholangiocarcinoma(Thai Cancer Journal, 2011-01-24) Vanida Chokvanichpong; Aumpai Sarakhan; Suleeporn SangrajrangCholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is one of the most common cancers in northeastern Thailand, especially Udon Thani Province. The major cause of CCA has been associated with infestation by the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini (OV). In northeast Thailand, the tradition of eating raw freshwater fish daily exposes the local population repeatedly to liver-fluke infection. Although the government campaign warns "Do not eat raw fish", the incidence rate is still high in Thailand. The objective of this study was to evaluate behaviors and attitudes in the Udon Thani population related to eating raw freshwater fish. A total of 968 subjects (age range: 15-80 years; mean age: 46 years) were recruited, comprising 659 subjects from Nonghan District and 309 from Khukaw District. A trained interviewer interviewed each participant, and stool samples were collected for laboratory examination. The results indicated that 59.0% of the subjects knew that eating raw freshwater fish was a cause of opisthorchiasis, but a significant proportion did not realize this behavior could result in cholangiocarcinoma (19.9%). Most of the subjects thought that eating raw freshwater fish occasionally (29.8%), or eating a small amount (22.9%), were not risk factors for OV infection. The results showed that the subjects had misunderstandings about opisthorchiasis and cholangiocarcinoma. Therefore, encouraging people to avoid eating raw fish should be undertaken more rigorously, such as by promoting knowledge of the negative effects of eating raw freshwater fish, and supporting local communities to find ways to change eating behaviors. (Thai Cancer J 2009;29:162-175.)Item การจัดทำทะเบียนมะเร็งประชากรในประเทศไทย(Thai Cancer Journal, 2010-04-07) . .Item วัคซีนต้าน Human Papillomaviruses (HPV) กับมะเร็งปากมดลูก(Thai Cancer Journal, 2011-01-24) บรรณาธิการ EditorAbstract not availableItem Plant-Derived Phenolic Antioxidants and Cancer Prevention(Thai Cancer Journal, 2010-04-07) Yuttana SudjaroenOxidative stress imposed by reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology associated with cancer and atherosclerosis. The ROS-induced development of cancer involves malignant transformation due to altered gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms as well as DNA mutations. The phenolic antioxidants play an important role in the chemoprevention of diseases especially cancer by reduced excess ROS. This article reviews the classification of major phenolic compound such as, phenolic acids and flavonoids, and the role of phenolic compound in cancer prevention. Future studies are not only elucidated mechanism related to direct antioxidant of phenolic compounds, but also to their ability to bind cellular receptors and transporters and influence gene expression, cell signaling, and cell adhesion.Item วิตามินดีกับความเสี่ยงต่อการเกิดมะเร็งเต้านม(Thai Cancer Journal, 2011-01-25) อรวรรณ พู่พิสุทธิ์; ศุลีพร แสงกระจ่างAbstract not available