National Journal of Medical and Allied Sciences

Permanent URI for this collection

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/150212

Editor: Dr. Syed Esam Mahmood

ISSN Online: 2319 – 6335

Frequency: Semi-annually

Language: English

Open Access Peer-reviewed journal

Web site: https://njmsonline.org/

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 29

Primary plasma cell leukemia- A case report.
(2016) Omhare, Anita; Gautam, Rajesh; Singh, Sanjeev Kumar; Rastogi, Pratisha
Plasma cell leukemia is a rare variant of multiple myeloma and this term is applied when the absolute plasma cell count is greater than 2x10⁹ /L or the relative plasma cell number is greater than 20% of the peripheral white blood cells. PCL may be primary or secondary. A 55 year old male presented to our outpatient department with complaints of lower back pain for four months, low grade fever off and on for two months, generalised weakness and loss of appetite for 20 days without prior history of multiple myeloma. His peripheral blood smear showed 26% plasmacytoid cells and bone marrow revealed predominantly plasma cell population (80%) with binucleate and trinucleate forms. Chemotherapy was started but unfortunately patient had expired. This case is presented due to its rare occurrence, presence of organomegaly and poor outcome.
Oral approaches for benign lesions- a novel approach.
(2016) Ashraf, Mohd.; Khan, Mohd. Atif; Jabr, Ibrahim Al
Introduction -Cosmetically acceptable surgical results are the demand of this modern era. Aesthetic facial look has lots of impact on financial, social and personnel life. Material and Methods- A total of twenty cases were studied in the Department of ENT at Hind Institute of Medical Sciences (HIMS), Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh. FNAC, USG and CECT were done and only benign lesions were selected which could be approached intraorally. Results-There were 20 patients aged between fifteen years to sixty years. There were ten cases of submandibular swellings, four cases of sebaceous cyst, three cases of lipoma and two cases of parapharyngeal space swelling and one case of plunging ranula. The mean operation time of the IOA group was significantly longer than that of the TCA group, but decreased gradually with surgical experience. The mean hospital stay of the IOA group was significantly shorter than that of the TCA group. Conclusions-The innovative surgical approaches were studied and meticulous, cosmetically acceptable results which were highly appreciated by the patients and their attendants were achieved. The stay in the hospital and complication rates were also quite low in intraoral approach than conventional external approach. Hence, intraoral approaches should be used for benign lesions which are amenable to surgery.
Dysembryonic neuro-epithelial tumors.
(2016) Mittal, Saurav; Chaudhari, Nilesh; Patel, Krutik; Shaikh, Azhar; Prasla, Shopnil
Introduction: Dysembryonic Neuro-Epithelial Tumors are mixed neuro-epithelial tumors affecting most commonly the temporal lobe. They usually result in epilepsy which is intractable in nature. Children and young adults are much more prone to exhibit these Dysembryonic Neuro-Epithelial Tumors. Case presentation: Here, we present a case series of two male patients who presented to the department of radiodiagnosis at Dr. Vasant Rao Pawar Medical College and Research Centre for MRI evaluation with complaints of epilepsy. Conclusion: Dysembryonic Neuro-Epithelial Tumors are a mixed neuronal glial neoplasm, mainly affecting the temporal lobe and is a very common cause of epilepsy. They are usually benign tumors with no or mild contrast enhancement.
Infectious keratitis – a review.
(2016) Safarulla, M A; Hussain, Shaji; Rajesh, P; Swadique, Muhemmed
Infectious keratitis is an important problem in the Indian context, and epidemiological studies suggest a higher prevalence of disease as compared to the developed world. Various aspects of the problem, including the host defence, ocular and systemic risk factors and microbial mechanisms that enhance pathogenesis have been discussed. The clinical and microbiological approach to the infected eye and patient and the relevant tests have been outlined. The major classes of medications that are used the methods of delivery are specified. Finally, the approach to patients with non-responsive keratitis that requires surgical manoeuvres is also highlighted. Clinical experience is important in distinguishing an infective from an inflammatory corneal pathology. The role of an experienced microbiologist is inevitable, for good clinical outcome. Therapeutic keratoplasty has to be done at the right time for better clinical outcomes.
Intermediate uveitis – a review.
(2016) Safarulla, M A; Rajesh, P; Kumar, Arun; Swadique, Muhemmed
Intermediate Uveitis (IU) is an inflammatory disease, primarily involving the vitreous and peripheral retina. It accounts for around 8% of cases of uveitis and affects primarily children and young adults. The etiology is unknown but, found as an isolated and idiopathic condition or in association with systemic disorders such as multiple sclerosis and sarcoidosis and infectious diseases. Symptoms include painless blurring of vision, floaters and deterioration of vision. Clinical features seen are anterior segment affection with keratic precipitates and anterior chamber cells, vitritis, vasculitis in the peripheral retina, vitreal snow banks and cystoid macular edema (CME). CME was the major threat for deterioration of vision; other complications include vitreous haemorrhage, periphlebitis, cataract and glaucoma. Treatment of intermediate uveitis is based on periocular and oral corticosteroids. Cryotherapy or laser photocoagulations of the peripheral retina are options in patients when there is an insufficient response to periocular or systemic corticosteroids. Immunomodulatory therapy is used when other therapies fail. Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) is indicated in patients with chronic significant inflammation, non-responsive cystoid macular edema, non-clearing vitreous haemorrhage, tractional retinal detachment and epiretinal membranes. IU is an intraocular inflammation involving the anterior vitreous, peripheral retina and pars plana. It usually affects patients from 5 to 30 years old, without gender or racial preferences. The etiology is unknown but there are several associated diseases. The long-term prognosis of intermediate uveitis is usually good, particularly with strict control of inflammation and with proper management of complications.
Conjuctivochalasis - a review.
(2016) Safarulla, MA; Hussain, Shaji; Rajesh, P; Swadique, Muhemmed
Conjunctivochalasis is an ocular condition that is usually missed, unless specifically looked for. It is defined as a redundant loose non edematous inferior bulbar conjunctiva. Though generally asymptomatic, It may also present as dryness and foreign body sensation. Various grading systems like Mirmura ((based on Lid-parallel conjunctival folds), Mellers (based on lid-parallel conjunctival folds, punctual occlusion and conjunctival fold changes during down gaze and digital pressure) and Zhang’s based on conjunctival folds, dryness, foreign body sensations, epiphora symptoms, punctual occlusion, tear meniscus height, tear film break-up time (BUT), and conjunctival fold changes during down gaze) system has been outlined. Various etiological aspects like dissolution of the Tenon’s Capsule and role of expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) has been dealt in detail. Different surgical approaches like pastepinch- cut conjunctivoplasty and their steps are specified. Conjunctivochalasis has to be understood in a wider depth and more research work is required to understand CCh in better detail so that preventive steps can be implemented with regard to secondary causes.
Dry eye - a review.
(2016) Rajesh, P; Hussain, Shaji; Safarulla, M A; Swadique, Muhemmed
Of the myriad reasons for visits to an ophthalmologist, one of the most common maladies afflicting patients is Dry Eye Disease (DED), which can cause mild discomfort in the early stages and endstage ocular surface damage in its more severe forms. Dry eye is a problem of utmost importance, more in the developed rather than developing nations. Various aspects of the manifestation, including the tear osmolarity, ocular surface homeostasis and the role of ocular surface epithelial stem cells in maintaining the ocular surface homeostasis have been discussed. The objective tests to assess and grade dry eye have been noted. A systematic approach to the affected eye and the patient has also been outlined. The major categories of medications used along with the methods of delivery are specified in this review. A systematic approach in understanding the type and grade of Dry Eye Disease is mandatory for good clinical response. Along with clinical management the doctor should also stress on environmental changes that exaggerates dryness.
Pattern of hematological disorders diagnosed through bone marrow examination.
(2016) Gautam, Rajesh; Ikram, Arshad; Nath, Dwijendra; Omhare, Anita
Introduction: Blood disorders are very common among different age groups. They usually range from anemias to advanced hematological malignancies. Material and Methods: The present observational study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, M.L.B. Medical College, Jhansi to find out the incidence of different hematological disorders. marrow examination was done. SPSS software was used for data analysis. Results: Hematological disorders were more common among males (63.55%) and among those aged Bone between 21-30 yrs (27.1%). Anemia was the most common diagnosis in 49 cases (41.52%) followed by leukemia in 16 cases (13.56%). Thirteen cases (11.02%) were diagnosed as malarial parasite positive in bone marrow examination. Conclusion: Bone marrow examination is a useful test in reaching the final diagnosis.
Laparoscopic appendectomy versus open appendectomy: A randomized prospective comparative study.
(2016) Rawat, Abhishek; Nigam, Dharmendra Kumar
Introduction: Laparoscopic Appendectomy confers advantages to the patient in terms of fewer wound infections, less pain, faster recovery and earlier return to work. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare advantages and disadvantages between laparoscopic Appendectomy and open Appendectomy in general surgical practices. Materials and methods: A two year randomized, prospective comparative study of Laparoscopic Appendectomy versus Open Appendectomy was done in the Department of Surgery, M.G.M medical college & L.S.K. hospital, Kishanganj, Bihar. SPSS software was used for data analysis. Chisquare test was applied. Results: Wound infections in LA group was 9% and OA group was 20%. Intra- abdominal abscess in LA group was 9% and OA group 1.8%. Adhesive ileus in LA group was 4.5% and OA group was 1.7%. Caecal leak was seen only in LA group. Pneumonia was not reported in both the groups. Operation time in LA group was 60 mins and OA group was 30mins. Duration of Hospital stay in LA group was 3 days and OA group was 5 days. Mean duration of return to normal activity in LA group was 5.4 days and OA group was 7.1 days. Mean duration of return to heavy work was 12.2 days in LA group and OA group was 16.8 days. Conclusion: Laparoscopic Appendectomy was found to be both feasible and safe in comparison with open Appendectomy.
Comparision between rae, flexometallic and PVC macintosh endotracheal tubes used in cleft palate surgery.
(2016) Agrawal, Apurva; Sharma, Manoj Kumar; Agrawal, Shailey; Arora, Veena; Somvanshi, Rituj
Introduction: Cleft lip/palate are the most common craniofacial anomalies in children, with an incidence of CLP worldwide is 1 in 700 live births. The risk factors are considered as Family history etc. Anaesthesia during cleft lip and palate surgery carries a high risk and difficult airway management in children. Because of other associated congenital anomalies, the anaesthetic management becomes more complicated. Flexometallic endotracheal tubes, PVC macintosh tube, RAE tube are have their own risks and benefits when compared with each other. This study was undertaken to compare ease of intubation ,ease of ventilation ,intra operative maintenance of respiratory parameters ,intra-operative airway complication, post extubation complication by using 3 different types of tubes (1) RAE (Ring Adair Elwyn) tube (2) flexometallic tube (3) PVC ( Polyvinyl Chloride) macintosh tube in pediatric cleft palate surgeries. Material & Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 90 ASA I and ASA II pediatric patients of age group 9 month to 5 years undergoing cleft palate surgeries. Patients were randomly allocated in three groups of 30 each. Group 1: intubated with R A E endotracheal tube, Group 2:intubated with flexometallictube and Group 3: intubated with P V C macintosh endotracheal tube. The power of study on choosing such sample size was found to be at 90% level. Time taken for intubation, No. of attempt taken for intubation, Monitoring of capnography, SPO2, pulse rate and mean airway pressure every 15 minutes during the surgical procedures, Endobronchial intubation, Inadvertent extubation, Ease of passing of suction catheter after application of dingman retractor and Post extubation cough and croup was observed. Results: The significant differences were observed in stylet used, ease of passing suction catheter and post extubation cough and heart rate after retractor among the groups (p<0.05). All other differences were found to be insignificant. Conclusion: RAE tube provides a good approach for airway management in routine cleft lip surgeries. It possesses advantage over flexometallic tube and PVC tube. As it is a preformed tube passing suction catheter is technically difficult.
Comparison and evaluation of various bedside tests to predict difficult endotracheal intubation.
(2016) Mall, Krishna Pratap; Rai, Sujit; Sharma, Rashmi; Gangwar, Richa
Introduction: As difficult laryngoscopy is a multifactorial problem, therefore any preoperative assessment of difficult tracheal intubation should have high sensitivity and specificity and result in minimal false positive and false negative values. This study was conducted in an attempt to devise a method of predicting difficult intubation and to assess the reliability of six simple bedside tests to predict difficult intubation. Material and Methods: This double blind prospective study involved 100 adult patients posted for elective surgery under general anesthesia. The airways were assessed for modified Mallampati test, Thyromental Distance, Sternomental Distance, Inter incisor gap; Atlanto-Occipital joint extension and Upper Lip bite Test. The laryngoscopic view and difficulty of intubation were noted. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated. Results: No method either individual or in combination with others had 100% sensitivity. The Modified Mallampati test had 76% sensitivity. Upper Lip bite Test had 98.66% specificity. The combination of Modified Mallampati test and Inter incisor gap had 52% sensitivity and 86.66% specificity. Conclusion: The “composite intubation difficulty score” is an easy and reliable method of predicting difficult intubation.
Utilization of maternal and neonatal care services in rural Lucknow: a community bases cross sectional study.
(2016) Yadav, Arun Kumar; Gupta, Pratibha; Shrivastava, Mrinal Ranjan; Prakash, Daya; Yadav, Krishna Kumar; Srivastav, Sushil
Introduction: In India, report says that we failed to achieve the Millennium Development Goals. The maternal mortality rate and infant mortality rate in developing regions are approximately 15 times higher than developed countries. Hence safe delivery and essential newborn care, besides neonatal care in domestic setting and timely referral for cases unmanageable are important areas to be addressed. This study was aimed to assess the current pattern of utilization of maternal and neonatal care services in rural areas of Lucknow. Material and Method: This community based cross sectional study was conducted in between August 2014 to July 2015. Study site was rural area of Lucknow. The study unit was a recently delivered woman, defined as a woman who gave live birth in last one year. A multi stage random sampling technique was used. We uses SPSS version 17 for our statistical analysis. Results: We interviewed 368 RDWs and found that 10.6 % of RDWs did not visit even once to health care facility and almost 62% of registered RDWs were registered early. About 70% RDWs completed at least three ANC visits, 67.7% received complete course of tetanus toxoid and 79.1% received at least one hundred of iron and folic acid (IFA) tablets. Approximately 90% deliveries were conducted by qualified physicians in government institution. There was a clear reduction in facilitating services by health care workers before and after delivery. We found that age less than 30 years, higher socioeconomic strata, educational level higher than matriculation of RDWs were likely to complete their ANC cares and these associations were statistically significant. Conclusion: We are still far away from health for all. To achieve SDG, a multi prong approach is need of hour.
Study of orthopedic morbidities among outdoor patients in a medical college in District Ambedkarnagar, India.
(2016) Ahmad, Ayaz; Ahmed, Javed; Mahmood, Syed Esam
Introduction: Congenital bone diseases, nutritional disorders like rickets, infective or metabolic conditions and trauma of bones and joints are most common orthopedic problems encountered among outdoor patients. This study was conducted to find out the prevalence of different orthopedic morbidities amongst outdoor patients of the Department of Orthopedics, Government Medical College, and District Ambedkarnagar. Material and Methods: These six months, observational, outdoor department study was carried out in Department of Orthopedics, Government Medical College, Ambedkarnagar, India. A total of 1000 individuals gave their consent and participated in the study. A structured, pretested schedule was used to collect the data on the demographic characteristics (age, gender, religion) and orthopedic problems. The data was analyzed using SPSS software. Results: A higher proportion of the outdoor patients was aged between 16-60 years (82.6%) and was females (50.1%). A higher percentage of orthopedic problems encountered were regional conditions of limbs (23.7%), followed by traumatic (23.0%) and degenerative (22.7%).Traumatic causes and neuromuscular disorders were more common among the males while degenerative, regional and rheumatic conditions were more common among the females. Conclusion: Larger nationwide community based studies are required to know the extent of the orthopedic problems and formulate better health policies.
A study on substance abuse among male undergraduate students of medical college, Kanpur.
(2016) Nigam, Seema; Debbarma, Shibajee; Barman, Santosh Kumar; Midha, Tanu
Introduction: According to the 2009 Global Health Risks report, substance abuse is one of the top 20 factors for death and disability worldwide. Globally, there is an increasing trend for people to use multiple substances, either together or at different times, which is likely to further increase the risks. This study was undertaken to know out the prevalence of substance abuse among male undergraduate students and to find out any influencing factor. Material & Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted among male undergraduate students of G.S.V.M Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh in 2015. Data was recorded in a pre-designed and pretested questionnaire and analyzed using standard statistical tools Results: Nearly 40.5% of students accepted substance abuse. Peer pressure (41.97%) and anxiety or stress (37.03%) were the commonest reasons for initiation. Substance abuse by parents was found to be significantly associated with substance abuse by students (P<.001). Conclusion: Substance abuse is prevalent among male medical undergraduates. Peer pressure followed by anxiety or stress were the commonest reasons for initiation. Substance abuse by parents increases the likelihood of substance abuse by students.
Clinical study to evaluate the influence of incision site (superior vs superotemporal) on postoperative astigmatism in manual small incision cataract surgery.
(2016) Patel, Amit Kumar; Yadav, Pramod Kr.; Goel, Shweta; Singh, Arvind; Ghosh, A; Tandon, M P
Introduction: Small incision cataract surgeries may be performed using various surgical incisions, namely, superior, supero-temporal and temporal. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. Supero-temporal incision is considered the best as it produces least induced astigmatism. The purpose of this study was to compare the postoperative induced astigmatism in superior and superotemporal incision group in small incision cataract surgery. Material &Method- This study was conducted on cataract surgery patients admitted in M.R.A Medical College, Ambedkarnagar. Fifty patients were selected for study, out of which 30 received superior and 20 received superotemporal incision. Preoperative keratometric and post operative 6 weeks keratometric readings were analysed. Results-Superior incision is better for with the rule astigmatism and worst for against the rule astigmatism, while superotemporal incision is equally good for both with the rule and against the rule astigmatism. Conclusion-Superotemporal incision is better than superior as it produces least astigmatism with good visual acquity.
Ultrasound findings in abdominal tuberculosis: usual and unusual appearances.
(2016) Shivde, Rajendra; Patel, Krutik; Mittal, Saurav; Prasla, Shopnil
Introduction: Tuberculosis is a major health problem in developing countries. Abdominal tuberculosis is not an uncommon manifestation of extra pulmonary tuberculosis. Recognition of its usual and unusual findings is important for diagnosis of the disease. Material and Methods: This retrospective study involved 150 abdominal tuberculosis patients over a period of 5 years in rural & urban population of Nashik district in Maharashtra. Abdominal ultrasound using Siemens (Accuson X500) and Philips HD 11 with convex & linear probes was done to find out the intestinal and extraintestinal disease involvement and appearances. Results: Abdominal tuberculosis was found to be more common in rural population and had a slight female predominance. In extraintestinal involvement; ascites was found in 44% cases, peritoneal thickening was found in 15 % cases, tubercles were found in 5% cases and thick swollen mesentery in 7% cases. Lymphadenopathy was seen in 47% cases. In intestinal involvement, isolated bowel wall thickening (30%), bowel ulceration (3%), bowel lump with pseudo kidney appearance (11%), matting and clumping of bowel loops (16.5%) and complex bowel mass (8.5%) were seen. Some of the unusual patterns like “club sandwich appearance” (11%) and “multilayered sandwich appearance”(2%) were also seen. Conclusion: Because of nonspecific symptoms abdominal Tuberculosis is mostly under diagnosed or misdiagnosed for chronic acidity, gastritis /colitis or chronic appendicitis. Knowledge of both usual and unusual findings is essential to diagnose abdominal tuberculosis. Hence abdominal ultrasound should be used as a primary cost effective screening modality for diagnosis which helps in management of abdominal tuberculosis.
A study on newborn care practices among the mothers residing in slums of Kanpur Nagar.
(2016) Nigam, Seema; Bajpai, Ankita; Midha, Tanu; Awasthi, Pankaj
Introduction: Despite efforts by government and other agencies, neonatal mortality is still high in our country. Among all other reasons, lack of proper newborn care practices is one of the major contributors for such high rates of mortality. This study was undertaken to assess newborn care practices among mothers residing in slum areas. Material & Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out among 360 mothers of infants in slums of Kanpur. A pre designed and pre tested questionnaire was used. Percentages, chi-square & Fischer’s exact test was used to analyse data using SPSS. Results: Nearly 23.05% deliveries were conducted at home, mostly by untrained dais. Bathing the baby after birth was practiced in 44.45% of home deliveries. In case of home deliveries, eyes were cleaned in 69.95% cases , weight was taken in 29.02% newborns and cord was cut with unsterile blade in 19.2% cases. Turmeric powder with oil or ghee was applied on cord in 94% of home deliveries and in 17.3% of hospital deliveries after the child was brought home. A significant difference was seen in cord care practices in home and hospital deliveries. Early initiation of breast feeding and colostrum was given by 35.5% and prelacteal feed was given by 63.9%. Conclusion: Awareness regarding newborn care practices was good among mothers who delivered their babies in institutions, as depicted by various healthy practices followed by them which were significantly associated with institutional deliveries.
Prevalence of fungal infections among diabetic foot ulcer patients in a rural area in south India.
(2016) Selvaraj, Jayaraman; Jeevaraman, S; Shankar, R
Introduction: Infections among the diabetic patients play a vital role in the morbidity and to an extent mortality of the diabetic patients. Among the bacteriology of diabetic foot ulcers which had been documented by various researchers mixed aerobic - anaerobic microbes seems to be more common. Fungal infections among immunocompromised patient’s particularly diabetic patients are one of the major health concern in the world today. Very few studies in India was previously done on assessing the magnitude of fungal infections in diabetic foot ulcers particularly among the rural patients. This study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of infections among the diabetic patients with foot ulcers and see for the presence of fungal infections and to describe the spectrum of those fungal infections. Material and Methods: A prospective study was carried out on diabetic patients with foot ulcer during the period of 1 year from June 2014 – May 2015 at Thanjavur medical college. A total of 100 cases with diabetic foot ulcers were included for the study. The power of the study was kept as 89.7%, which was calculated by using the formula of Z power = test statistics/ S.E – 1.96. Where the test statistics was taken as 0.2and the SE was taken as square root of 0.5/n and where n= 100. Specimens (pus, wound, exudates or tissue biopsy) for microbiological studies were obtained from the ulcer region. All the 100 specimens were immediately transported to the microlab for further processing, culture and isolation. Identification of the microorganisms were done according to the standard microbiological procedures. Results: Among the study subjects males constitutes to 83% and females 17%. The mean random blood sugar among the subjects was 316.35±54 mgs/dl. The average duration of the foot ulcer among the study subjects was 13±7.58 months. Of the various microorganisms which was found in the foot ulcer bacterial agents were present in almost 100% of the patients. The fungal growth was seen in 29% of the patients with foot ulcers. The most common fungus identified were Aspergillus flavus (17%), Aspergillus fumigates (5%), Candida albicans (6%) and Mucor (1%). Conclusions: The present study insists on the evaluation of fungal pathogen for long standing diabetic foot ulcers even after effective treatment with antibacterial agents.
Study of menstrual problems among the adolescence girls of rural area of Aligarh.
(2016) Eram, Uzma; Nawab, Tabassum; Khalique, Najam; Ahmed, Anees; Shah, Salman
Introduction: Menstrual practices are still bounded by social restrictions and taboos. This may result in ignorance of hygienic practices during menstruation. So there should be proper knowledge given to the girls since childhood. The present study was conducted in rural areas of Aligarh. It was conducted in 70 adolescent girls before taking verbal consent from them. The aim of the study was to find menstrual pattern among the rural adolescent girls, the various menstrual problems among them and the effect of this problem on their daily routine. Material and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among girls of age group 13 to 19 years attending the rural health training centre of Department of Community Medicine, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh. Seventy girls who had given verbal consent were interviewed. Data was collected by personal interview and semi structure questionnaires. Data was analyzed using SPSS software. 35.7% were in 13-15 years age group, 21.4% were in 15- 17 years age group and 42.9% were in 17-19 years age group. Regarding problems related to menstrual cycle, dysmenorrhea (71.4%) was the commonest problem. Other then this, girls had pre-menstrual syndrome (57.14%), backache (50%), fatigue (42.8%), breast heaviness ( 28.5%), joint pain (21.4%), increased weight (28.5%), headache( 28.5%) and abdominal bloating (50%). The menstrual problems affected their daily routine. Around 71.4% of the subject were forced to have prolonged bed rest, 64.28% had missed social activities. 50% of them had disturbed sleep, 35.7% had decreased appetite, 42.8% had missed classes, 50% who were employed had to abstain from their work. Conclusion: Menstruation problems usually cause interruption of daily routine of adolescent girls. School health programme should include provision for screening of adolescent girl for menstruation related problem and providing them with relevant information. Clearing up the misconception relating to menstruation and offering possible treatment options should be done. This may help in improving school and academic performance of students.
Sociodemographic and clinical variables in suicidal and non-suicidal bipolar patients.
(2016) Rajashekharaiah, Manjunath; Ghanate, Alok N; Verma, Pravin; Ram, Daya
Introduction: Most patients with bipolar disorder also exhibit suicidal behaviour. Early onset of illness and male preponderance have been noted in Indian population. There was no recent literature with regard to socio-demographic and clinical variables among suicidal behaviour in Indian population except a few earlier ones. This study was undertaken to find out the relationship of socio-demographic and clinical variables with suicidal behaviour in patients with bipolar disorder. Method: 60 bipolar disorder patients in remission coming to the Central Institute of Psychiatry diagnosed as per DSM IV-TR (American Psychiatric Association, 2000) criteria, 30 with suicidal ideation and 30 without suicidal ideation were taken in the study. Their sociodemographic and clinical data were collected. Results: The mean age of onset of the illness in the suicidal group (19.10±5.27 years) was significantly less than the mean age of onset of the illness in the non-suicidal group (23.33±7.56 years). Females were found to have higher BSI scores (mean = 8.20±8.88) than males (mean = 3.40±2.01). Most of the patients had a history of prior hospitalization and most of them had a manic episode as the most recent episode. Females were found to have higher BSI scores (mean = 8.20±8.88) than males (mean = 3.40±2.01). Positive history of prior hospitalization (mean=4.29±4.30) was associated with lower BSI scores as compared to higher scores of that without a positive history (mean=11.33±12.74). Conclusions: Suicidal patients had earlier age of onset of illness than non suicidal patients. Females were found to have higher suicidal ideation than males. Hospitalization can reduce the suicidal ideation in patients.

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