Journal of Medical Sciences and Health

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https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/158209

Editor: Dr. Vijay Shankar S
ISSN: 2394-9481 (Print); 2394-949X(Online)

Frequency: Triannually

Language: English

Open Access Peer-reviewed journal

Web site: https://jmsh.ac.in/

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 33

Adenomyosis and Subcutaneous Fatty Tissue Thickness Relationship
(Adichunchunagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, 2019-01) Kadıyoran, Cengiz
The etiology of adenomyosis is not well understood, but adenomyosis is a common disease. In our study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between
Assessment of Knowledge of 2nd Year Medical Students Regarding Promotional Drug Literature using the World Health Organization Criteria
(Adichunchunagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, 2019-05) Deolekar, Pradnya; Yadav, Pramila; Deolekar, Sandesh; Deolekar, Prathmesh S
Autonomic Function Tests in Asthmatics of Age 25-46 Years in Central India
(Adichunchunagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, 2019-05) Bharshankar, Jyotsana; Mandape, Archana
Introduction: Increased parasympathetic drive in asthmatics is observed by many researchers. However, some have found increased sympathetic activity and others found it decreased.Materials and Methods: A case–control study was planned including 30 asthmatic patients and 30 age-matched non-asthmatics as controls. Spirometry and autonomic functions were tested, and results of the mean difference were compared using the Student t-test.Results: Out of 30 asthmatics, 76% were in mild-to-moderate grade of asthma on the basis of their forced expiratory volume in the first second % values. Rise in diastolic blood pressure with cold pressor test was significantly less in asthmatics than controls (5.66 ± 3.415 and 11.73 ± 4.49 mmHg; P < 0.001). The mean Valsalva ratio in asthmatics was significantly less than in controls (1.158 ± 0.116 and 1.418 ± 0.645; P < 0.05). Galvanic skin resistance in asthmatics was significantly more than in controls (589.8 ± 268.12 and 328.75 ± 165.07; P < 0.001).Conclusions: Thus, from our study, there was increased parasympathetic and decreased sympathetic drive in patients with bronchial asthma as compared to controls
Caregiver Burden and self-efficacy: A Hospital- based Comparison between General and Special Ward Patients
(Adichunchunagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, 2019-01) Chandran, Suhas; Kishor, M; Mathur, Supriya; Madhusudhan, B N; Kavya, N; Rao, T S Sathyanarayana
India has one of the largest health-care systems in the world, and caregivers play an important role in assisting the patients in seeking services, supporting the patient during treatment and also in recovery, as there is a culturally determined emphasis on kinship
A Case Report of Additional Slip of Pectoralis Major – Pectorotubero Fascialis Muscle
(Adichunchunagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, 2020-01) Afroze, M Khizer Hussain; Sangeeta, M; Tiwari, Suman
Variations in the pectoralis major (PM) muscles have been reported by various authors in the literature. We report a case of accessory slip of PM with variation in insertion which has not been reported in the literature to the best of our knowledge. This accessory slip was partially muscular getting inserted into medial lip of intertubercular sulcus (ITS) and partially aponeurotic getting inserted into lateral lip ITS, thus forming “H”-shaped pattern. Knowledge of such anatomical variation will create awareness among surgeons performing surgical reconstruction using PM muscle.
Central Corneal Thickness as Measured by Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in Glaucomatous and Non-Glaucomatous Eyes
(Adichunchunagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, 2019-09) Sumana J Kamath; Nayak, Madhurima K
Objective: Accurate measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) is an integral part of glaucoma diagnosis and management. IOP measurement is influenced by central corneal thickness (CCT). Aims: This study aims to compare the CCT as measured by spectral-domain (SD) optical coherence tomography (OCT) in glaucomatous and non-glaucomatous eyes and to compare the CCT in various types of glaucoma.Settings and Design: It was a prospective case–control study conducted at a tertiary hospital in Mangaluru.Materials and Methods: Patients diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), normal-tension glaucoma (NTG), and ocular hypertension (OHT) were taken as cases. They underwent CCT measurement using SD-OCT anterior segment cube program after a complete ophthalmic evaluation.Statistical Analysis: Data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows, version 8.0 using Kruskal–Wallis test, Mann–Whitney U-test, and Chi-square test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Forty cases (80 eyes) were included in the study, of which 26 had POAG, 12 had NTG, and 2 had OHT. Controls were 80 patients with healthy corneas. The mean CCT in POAG group was 518.69 μm, in NTG was 503.33 μm, and in OHT group 542.5 μm. The mean CCT among controls was 523.97 μm. The differences in CCT in all the four groups were statistically insignificant. The IOP was corrected for CCT and the difference between the two was statistically significant.Conclusions: CCT is higher in OHT and lower in NTG. Our study did not find any statistically significant difference between the three types of open-angle glaucoma
Chediak–Higashi syndrome – A Rare Case Report
(Adichunchunagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, 2020-01) Sriram, Rashmi; Gowda, H Harshavardhan; Okade, Rajendra; Shale, Mouryabha; Varma, Kranthi
A 4-year-old female child born out of a consanguineous marriage, full-term normal vaginal delivery, presented with multiple hypopigmented macules giving mottled pigmentation over the face and neck. There was a history of swelling and pain in the right ear and recurrent skin infections. On examination, she had a silvery gray hair, mottled pigmentation over the face and neck, perichondritis of right ear, impetiginous lesions over the lower limbs, hepatomegaly. Ophthalmological examination revealed partial oculocutaneous albinism and nystagmus. Routine blood investigations were within normal limits. Peripheral smear examination revealed prominent granules within the leukocytes. Hair shaft examination revealed regularly arranged small clumps of melanin. It was diagnosed as a case of Chediak–Higashi syndrome. This case is presented for its rarity.
A Clinical Study on Meibomian Gland Dysfunction and Dry Eye in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
(Adichunchunagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, 2019-09) Manjula, T R; Gahana, K; Harsha, R
Objective: The objective of the study was to find the occurrence of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and dry eye disorder in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and to assess the profile of MGD in type 2 DM patients.Materials and Methods: An observational case-control study was conducted on 100 type 2 diabetes patients and 100 controls who are attending ophthalmology outpatient department with distinct complaints, for example, correction of refractive error. Age and gender matching was done. Tear film evaluation was done for both the groups, lid margin abnormalities were noted under slit lamp biomicroscope, fluorescein staining of ocular surface performed, and pre-corneal tear film was observed for debris. Schirmer’s test as well as tear breakup time test was performed.Results: Of 100 diabetic patients, dry eye disorder was found in 56 (56%) cases, among which 24 patients had MGD. Twenty-four of 56 that is 42% of dry eye is credited to MGD. Of 100 non-diabetics, 15% had dry eye disorder, among which 6 cases had MGD.Conclusions: Diabetes can cause changes in ocular surface with respect to both qualitative and quantitative parameters. Diabetic patients are more susceptible for dry eye disorders when compared to normal subjects. In diabetics, the frequency of MGD is considerably more when compared to nondiabetic group. As the duration of DM increases prevalence and severity of MGD also increases proportionately.
Coenzyme Q 10 Abrogates Flutamide-induced Hepatotoxicity in Albino Rats
(Adichunchunagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, 2019-05) Adikwu, Elias; Ebinyo, Nelson Clemente; Aagbadabina, Harold
Aim: The efficacy and therapeutic benefit of flutamide (FLU) can be clinically limited by the occurrence of hepatotoxicity which may progress to liver failure. This study, therefore, evaluated the protective effect of coenzyme Q 10 (COQ 10) against FLU-induced liver toxicity in albino rats.Objectives: The objectives of this study were to explore and grade the severity of IA in relation to academic performance among medical undergraduates.Materials and Methods: Forty-five adult albino rats of average weight 200–250 g were randomized into groups and treated intraperitoneally with COQ 10; 50 mg/kg + FLU 200 mg/kg, COQ 10; 100 mg/kg + FLU 200 mg/kg and COQ 10; and 200 mg/kg + FLU 200 daily for 7 days. On the 8th day, rats were sacrificed, serum was extracted from blood and liver was excised and evaluated for aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total bilirubin (TB), and conjugated bilirubin (CB). Liver was evaluated for oxidative stress markers and pathologic changes.Results: Serum and liver AST, ALT, ALP, AST, GGT, LDH, TB, and CB levels were significantly (P < 0.001) increased in FLU-treated rats when compared to placebo control. Liver superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase were decreased, whereas malondialdehyde levels were increased significantly (P < 0.001) in FLU-treated rats when compared to placebo control. The liver of FLU-treated rats showed hepatocyte necrosis. However, FLU-induced liver toxicity was significantly abrogated in a dose-dependent manner in COQ 10; 50 mg/kg (P < 0.05), COQ 10; 100 mg/kg (P < 0.01); and COQ 10; 200 mg/kg (P < 0.001) pre-treated rats when compared to FLU-treated rats.Conclusions: This study showed that COQ 10 abrogates FLU-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats in a dose- dependent manner. It may have clinical application in hepatotoxicity associated with FLU.
Computed Topographic-Guided Core Needle Biopsy of Lung Masses: Our Experience at a Diagnostic Center in Western India
(Adichunchunagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, 2020-01) Dey, Aniruna; Sharma, Anuj
Introduction: Lung carcinomas are one of the most common malignancies and major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. India also shares a great burden of this disease. Computed topography (CT)-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology of lung masses is a widely used and simple diagnostic tool which is being replaced increasingly by CT-guided core biopsies. This study shows our experience at a diagnostic center.Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study conducted over a period of 1 year from April 2018 to April 2019 and consisted of 107 cases. After taking detailed history, CT-guided core biopsies were obtained using coaxial needles of 17–19 gauge and biopsy needles of 18–20 gauge. The tissues were then examined histopathologically and the results were noted.Results: Out of the 107 patients, 81.3% were male and 18.7% were female. The age range of patients was from 33 to 92 years, with mean age being 63.7 years. Majority of the lesions were located in the right lung (57.9%). The most common histopathological diagnosis was squamous cell carcinoma 74.7%, followed by small cell carcinoma (12.1%) and adenocarcinoma (9.3%), Hodgkin lymphoma (1.8%), malignant mesothelioma (0.9%), and angiosarcoma (0.9%).Conclusions: This study shows our experience regarding lung malignancies in a diagnostic center in Western India. The epidemiology of lung malignancies seen across the Indian subcontinent reflects in our study. CT-guided core needle biopsies though less invasive may cause complications in some patients. Hence, utmost care should be taken during the procedure to ensure patient safety.
A Cross-sectional Study Assessing Prescriptions of a Tertiary Care Teaching Institute of Central India using the WHO Core Drug Indicators
(Adichunchunagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, 2019-01) Raghute, Latesh B; Jaiswal, Kavita M; Dudhgoankar, Sujata; Turkar, Amit; Jawade, Ashutosh; Vaishnao, Lohit S
The WHO has developed medication use indicators, including prescription indicators with an aim to evaluate the services provided to the population in regard to medications. With the help of these indicators, there will be constant watch on drug prescribing pattern in health care to avoid irrational prescribing.
A Cross-sectional Study of Dietary Intake and Body Mass Index in Alcohol Dependence Individuals
(Adichunchunagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, 2019-09) Kamath, K Sarthak; Pandit, Lakshmi V
Introduction: At present, 2.3 billion people are consuming alcohol worldwide. It is one of the most widely used substances, second only to tobacco. About 20–30% of all hospital admissions in India are due to alcohol-related problems. One gram of alcohol gives 7 kcal of energy. Energy consumed by alcohol comprises as much as 10% of average daily dietary intake. Most of the recent studies show that heavy drinking is associated with decreased body mass index (BMI). This study was planned as Indian literature in this area is sparse.Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the association of alcohol dependence with dietary intake and BMI.Materials and Methods: Sixty male patients admitted in the Department of Psychiatry, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore, with a diagnosis of alcohol dependence syndrome (ICD-10) were included in the study. Twenty-four-hour diet chart was collected and BMI calculated. Statistical analysis was done using non-parametric tests.Results: The mean age of the patient population was 41.53 years. Majority of them had completed primary education (47%), mostly engaged in skilled work (48%), and were self-employed (48%). Dietary proteins, fats, and total energy were deficient in 50, 42, and 57 patients, respectively. The majority of patients had normal BMI (42%), while some were underweight (28%), overweight (18%), pre-obese (7%), and obese (5%). Results show that despite the majority of patients having a deficient macronutrient intake, BMI was normal.Conclusions: It is possible that a normal BMI was maintained in the study population despite being malnourished due to calorific contribution by alcohol.
A Cross-sectional Study of Relationship between Internet Addiction and Performance in Internal Assessment in 2nd Year Medical Undergraduates of a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital at B G Nagara
(Adichunchunagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, 2019-01) Padmanabha, T S; Kshamaa, H G; Raghavendra, S K
In the current competitive world, life without an internet is unimaginable. Internet can be utilized generously for overall progress toward accomplishing good aspects. However, it is misused or abused, especially among adolescent and young adults,
Detection of Azole Drug Resistance of the Aspergillus Species Cyp51a Gene by PCR
(Adichunchunagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, 2019-01) Raksha; Singh, Gurjeet; Urhekar, A D
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a hypersensitivity pulmonary disease occurring in individuals with asthma or cystic fibrosis. In these patients, it is characterized by transient pulmonary infiltrates, reversible airway obstruction, eosinophilia
Effects of Juglone on Antioxidant Status in Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines
(Adichunchunagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, 2019-01) Korucu, Emine Nedime; Erkoc-Kaya, Dudu; Menevse, Esma; Arikoglu, Hilal
Naphthoquinones have protective effects through different mechanism against to human malignancies including pancreatic cancer. One of these mechanisms is to avoid reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Changes in enzymatic (superoxide
Estimation of Stature from Ring Finger Length in Haryanavi Population: An Anthropometric Study
(Adichunchunagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, 2020-01) Sharma, Ruchir; Dhattarwal, S K
Introduction: Stature helps to determine a person’s identity. In dead and mutilated bodies, height can be estimated from body parameters using a regression equation or multiplication factor.Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted to find the multiplication factor between percutaneous ring finger length (RFL) and stature in the Haryana region, for which 145 medical students (80 males and 65 females) of Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, were measured. The correlation coefficient between height and RFL was found to be positive.Results: Stature can be accurately estimated from RFL using simple regression equation or multiplication factor. The regression equation determined for male was Height = 1.798 × RFL + 158.6 and for female was Height = 0.919 × RFL + 152.3.Conclusions: Our study has a great importance to estimate stature from RFL among Haryana region from the anatomical and medicolegal point of view.
Hepatic Amyloidosis – A Clinicoradiological Dido
(Adichunchunagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, 2019-09) Randale, Archana A; Parate, Sanjay N; Meshram, Saroj A; Tathe, Shilpa P; Bhatkule, Milind A
Amyloidosis is a wide spectrum of disease characterized by extracellular deposition of misfolded protein which has common morphological, structural, and staining properties but differs in their protein composition. Hepatic amyloidosis can present as clinicoradiological dido and requires liver biopsy and ancillary histopathological techniques not only to attest the diagnosis but also for typing of amyloidosis. Here, we report a case of hepatic amyloidosis with preserved liver function test despite having massive hepatomegaly.
Histopathological Patterns of Gastric Mucosal Biopsies in Dyspepsia – A Study of 550 Cases
(Adichunchunagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, 2019-09) Suman, K; Rao, Namrata
Objective: Dyspepsia is a common condition which is seen in the medical outpatient department. Helicobacter pylori is the causal agent in most of the cases of gastritis and peptic ulceration. This is a retrospective study aimed to study the histological patterns in gastric biopsy from patients with complaints of dyspepsia.Methods: In this study, a total of 550 biopsy samples from patients with a clinical history of dyspepsia which were received at the department of histopathology were analyzed. The biopsy samples were procured in Bouin’s fixative and were paraffin embedded. Sections were taken and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. May-Grunwald-Giemsa stain was used to visualize H. pylori. Alcian blue stain was used to identify intestinal metaplasia.Results: It was observed that 194 (35.2%) cases showed features of chronic gastritis without H. pylori infection. H. pylori was noted in a total of 296 cases (53.8%) among which 256 cases (46.5%) showed features of chronic gastritis, 28 cases (5.09%) showed active gastritis, and 12 cases (2.2%) showed features of chronic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia.Conclusions: Chronic gastritis is a common condition worldwide. Chronic infection with H. pylori accounts for the majority of cases of chronic gastritis.
Intravascular Large B-cell Lymphoma – Morphological Diagnosis in the Molecular Era
(Adichunchunagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, 2019-05) Singh, Varun Kumar; Shanthakumari, B R; Belurkar, Sushma
Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare variant of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, characterized by its unique morphology. Modern-day diagnostic methods like flow cytometry have limitations in accurate diagnosis of the disease making morphology the mainstay for its diagnosis and adequate management. Here, we present a case of IVLBCL with emphasis on diagnostic aids and adjuncts. A 63-year-old female presented with fever of unknown origin, seizers, hepatosplenomegaly, and peripheral cytopenias. Bone marrow aspirate shows a small number of atypical lymphoid cells. Flow cytometry done on the aspirate yielded 7% abnormal lymphoid cells; however, further, subclassification of this non-Hodgkin lymphoma was not aided by it. Bone marrow biopsy revealed the intrasinusoidal localization of the tumor cells, which were positive for CD20, BCL2, and Mum1 and along with flow cytometric expression of CD5 and lambda restriction of tumor cells; a diagnosis of IVLBCL was made. IVLBCL is a rare entity with protean clinical presentation which frequently leads to a delay in diagnosis. Modern diagnostic modalities like flow cytometry help in picking up even a small number of tumor cells; however, it is limited by failure to subcategorize the entity making morphology and immunohistochemistry as the backbone of its diagnostic workup.
Knowledge, attitude, and practices toward antibiotic usage and antibiotic resistance among medical students and interns: A cross-sectional study
(Adichunchunagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, 2020-01) Asharani, N; Dhanalakshmi, TA; Shyamanth, M
Aims and Objectives: Adequate knowledge, attitude, and practices toward antibiotic usage and resistance among health caregiver are the need of the hour to lower the burden of antibiotic resistance. The present study was designed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices toward antibiotic usage and resistance among medical students and interns.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital involving 5th, 7th, and 9th term medical students and interns. A pre-tested questionnaire with 22 knowledge and 13 attitude items was assessed by 3-point Likert scale and 9 practice items by yes/no. For knowledge items, each correct response represented with 1 mark. Grading of the knowledge was done as poor (≤50%), adequate (51–75%), and good (≥75%).Statistical Analysis: Frequency and proportions were usedResults:The response rate was 98.39% (367/373). Majority of the participants had adequate (46.6%) to good (45.5%) knowledge. Majority perceived that educating patients (94.8%) and taking responsibility of judicious use of antibiotics by everyone (92.6%) will reduce the burden of antibiotic resistance. However, 58% of the students were of the opinion that skipping one or two doses will not lead to antibiotic resistance and 68.4% of the participants felt that irrational use of antibiotic practices done at local level will not matter for the development of resistance globally. More than 90% of the students executed good practice toward antibiotic usage.Discussion and Conclusion: In spite of adequate to good knowledge, there were attitudinal lacunae toward antibiotic usage and resistance. Interestingly, regardless of casual attitudes, the self-reported practices of the participants were found to be substantially good. There is a need for strategizing educational programs for students and interns not only to enhance the knowledge but also to reshape the behavior of the students.

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