Journal of Mental Health of Thailand - วารสารสุขภาพจิต แห่งประเทศไทย
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Item Buddhist psychotherapy : the aspect of mindfulness psychotherapy(Journal of Mental Health of Thailand - วารสารสุขภาพจิต แห่งประเทศไทย, 2010-02-12) Pholphat LosatiankijObjective: To review the method of practicing mindfulness, its mechanisms of action in psychodynamic aspect and its application in psychotherapy. Materials and methods: Databases (eg: databases from Department of Mental health of Thailand, Journal of Psychiatric Association of Thailand, Journal of Mental Health of Thailand, Tipitaka Online, PUBMED and Buddhist text books) were searched for literature on impact of mindfulness interventions and applications. Results: The practicing of Buddhist mindfulness has been more accepted and widespread to the western culture. The western psychotherapists have applied this technique into their psychotherapeutic interventions both in group and individual psychotherapies which provide good outcome in many psychiatric problems such as anxiety disorder, panic disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, personality disorders and also give good benefit for prevention of stress and depressive symptoms in patients with cancer. This technique could also promote good mental health and spiritual well being. Conclusion: The application of this technique is helpful for psychiatric patients especially in anxiety and depressive disorders. However, further studies should be conducted in order to apply in other aspects of mental health conditions.Item Effectiveness of parent training program for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(Journal of Mental Health of Thailand - วารสารสุขภาพจิต แห่งประเทศไทย, 2010-02-12) Porntip Wachiradilok; Manutsawee Mueangkhwa; Thanachoti ThiamsaengObjective: This experimental study examined the effectiveness of parent training program for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), based on a cognitive behavioral concept. Materials and methods: The sample consisted of 90 caregivers of ADHD children attending treatment at out-patient service of Child and Adolescent Mental Health Rajanagarinda Institution. A randomized controlled trial was performed on the caregivers together with pre-test and post-test. The subjects were randomly and equally assigned into 3 groups: group a for 6 week sessions parent training program, group b for attending psycho-education, and group c for routine care. The instrument was a set of questionnaire including: knowledge, attitude, skills for behavioral management in ADHD, and symptoms of ADHA. Data were collected at one month prior to the beginning of the program, immediately after the intervention, and at 3-month follow-up. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. Results: The pattern of treatment in each group effects knowledge, attitude, skills and symptom of ADHD children. The subjects in parent training program were able to help reducing ADHD core symptoms of their children at 3-month follow-up significantly, and achieved higher score in terms of knowledge, attitudes, and skills for behavioral management in ADHD than those of the psycho-education group and routine care group at 3-month follow-up, according to the post-test. However, difference in knowledge between the parent training program and the psycho-education were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The parent training program for ADHD children based on a cognitive behavioral concept can help them to acknowledge, alert their awareness, program recognition, and improving behavioral management of ADHD’s caregivers. Moreover, following-up to review skills, monitoring the progress, and encouraging motivation should be done regularly.Item Mental health problems among students in the area with continuous insurgency in the deep South of Thailand(Journal of Mental Health of Thailand - วารสารสุขภาพจิต แห่งประเทศไทย, 2010-02-12) Benjaporn Panyayong; Sulinda JuntalasenaObjective: The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of symptoms of PTSD, other behavioral and emotional problems among Thai students in the areas with continuous insurgency and to identify factors associated with mental health problems in this group. Materials and methods: The mental health assessments were conducted among students aged 11 to 18 who were studying in 3 provinces in the deep South of Thailand. A sampling of schools was drawn from each provinces and 2,884 students were enrolled in this study. The CRIES 8 and SDQ were used to identified symptoms of PTSD and other behavioral and emotional problems. Results: Prevalence of PTSD among these children was 21.9%, behavioral and emotional problems by SDQ was 37.2%. By multiple logistic regression analysis, factors such as saw someone died, having felt extreme fear and helpless were not significantly associated with symptoms of PTSD. Risk factors such as female, divorce, family member died, saw events, saw someone died, having felt extreme fear and helpless were not related with behavioral and emotional problems significantly. Conclusion: Prevalence of mental health among students in the area with continuous insurgency in the deep South of Thailand was moderate to high level. This result indicated that the children need preventive interventions to improve the mental health.Item Effectiveness of individual counseling program based on motivation interviewing and cognitive behavioral technique for treatment compliance in schizophrenia(Journal of Mental Health of Thailand - วารสารสุขภาพจิต แห่งประเทศไทย, 2010-02-12) Porntip Wachiradilok; Somporn RungreangkulkijObjective: This study aimed to examine the effect of individual counseling program based on motivation interviewing and cognitive behavioral technique for treatment compliance in schizophrenic patients attending at Udonthani hospital.Materials and methods: A research design was a quasi experimental study with pretest-posttest control group. The sample study consisted of one hundred schizophrenic patients who had caregivers and were noncompliant with medications. The subjects were randomly recruited from a hospital register. The subjects were assigned to either control group or intervention group by matching length of illness and level impact from side-effect. Fifty patients who were in the experimental group received 5 sessions individual counseling program based on the concepts of motivation interviewing and cognitive behavioral technique. The control group received routine care. Study measurements included 1) Compliance Behaviors Assessment Scale, 2) Psychiatric Symptoms Assessment 3) Knowledge on Self-management and 4) Family’s Emotional Expressions. Data were collected at one month before intervention, immediately upon therapy completion, 3 and 6 months follow-up. Data were analyzed using repeated measurement ANOVA with Bonferroni correction.Results: Patients in the intervention group had a significant improvement in compliance behaviors and knowledge more than those in the control group at the posttest, 3 and 6 months follow-up.Conclusion: The motivation interviewing and cognitive behavioral technique individual counseling program can improved treatment compliance, knowledge and understanding about the illness. It also helps to increase their awareness and recognition of a problem, thus decreasing the risk of relapse. However, booster dose of the intervention is recommend in order to prevent prolong relapse.Item Hospital order for mentally disordered offenders(Journal of Mental Health of Thailand - วารสารสุขภาพจิต แห่งประเทศไทย, 2010-02-12) Duangta GraipaspongObjective: The purposes of this study were to determine criminal behaviors patterns, clinical diagnosis and to compare clinical features of a new after discharged care program to that of the regular program for the mentally disordered offenders under a hospital order. Materials and methods: The sample was consisted of 35 mentally disordered offenders sent by the court under a hospital order refer to the section 48 of Criminal Code. They were discharged during 1st October 2001 to 30th September 2007. Data were collected from medical records of Galya Rajanagarindra Institute. Quantitative data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and chi-square test. Results: Most of the samples, convicted to life and body-harm offenses which were taken places at houses and in the communities. The used weapons were knives. Their motivated to crime were psychosis symptoms with no planning. Most of the victims were acquaintances who had no active participation. Three quarters were diagnosed of schizophrenia. After these patients were discharged to the community, more than half were readmitted but only one was recidivist. Most could access to mental health services regularly. There was not statistical different between clinical features of the new after discharged care program and that of the regular one. Conclusion: The new after discharged care program showed that more than half of cases were readmitted but only one case for recidivist. Most patients could access to mental health services regularly. The new program did not differ from the previous one, therefore, the new program need to be revised.Item The development psychiatric network hospital(Journal of Mental Health of Thailand - วารสารสุขภาพจิต แห่งประเทศไทย, 2010-02-12) Watchanee Huttapanom; Nattakorn Jampathong; Praiwan Rormsai; Emhathai SrichanlaObjective: This study was to examine 4 aspects outcomes of using applied balanced scorecard concept.Materials and methods: The subjects of evaluation include network personnel, relative and the patients, family members being home health care. Psychiatric patients’ biography is also studied. The instruments to collect data include a questionnaire inquiring about satisfaction of the network personnel and clients to psychiatric clinics services, the home health care report. Descriptive statistics and content analysis are applied.Result: 14 community hospitals participated in the project. It was found that, for external perspective, the community hospitals network was most satisfied at 83.9% on the issue of “the project is useful psychiatric service in the community hospitals. As a whole, the clients were most satisfied to be treated psychiatric diseases at the community hospitals at 86.3%. More people being treated at the community hospital increased at 79.9%. For internal perspective, learning to successful project because Provincial of Khon Kaen Public Health Office is responsible to pay money for medicine ordered from community hospitals and concrete operational process was successful and comprehensive care connection. For innovation perspective, the network personnel increase capability of psychiatric patients care. For finance perspective, the project help decrease the expenditure of the patients and time spent traveling to get treatment.Conclusion: The project is useful for the clients and the system service of network hospital. Therefore, operational expansion should be considered.Item Diabetes mellitus and hypertension in psychiatric patients(Journal of Mental Health of Thailand - วารสารสุขภาพจิต แห่งประเทศไทย, 2010-02-12) Orawan Silpakit; Emwadee Kiatsiri; Sukon ChomchuenObjective: To survey diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HT) in in-patient of Srithanya Hospital and related health indices. Materials and methods: A cross sectional study was done during 26 November to 4 December 2007. Only patients who had diagnosis of DM or HT or both were measured weight and height. Clinical data such as drugs, history of illness were collected from medical records. Family history were interviewed from their relatives if need. BMI, waist ti hip ratio (WHR), and diabetes risk score were calculated. Results: There were 1,331 in-patients age above 15 years. 53 cases had DM and or HT. Among these, 9 had only DM, 28 HT and 16 both conditions. BMI was normal at 52.8%; WHR was abnormal at 62.3%. Family history of DM/HT was positive at 54.7%. Conclusion: The prevalence of DM and HT were 1.9 and 3.3 respectively and there was more prevalent in elderly. WHR was found abnormal than BMI. Appropriate diabetes risk screening should be developed.Item Mindfulness meditation and mental well-being indicators(Journal of Mental Health of Thailand - วารสารสุขภาพจิต แห่งประเทศไทย, 2010-02-12) Chatachawan Silpakit; Orawan SilpakitObjective: To evaluate effect of mindfulness meditation practicing in daily life and to develop mental well-being indicators. Materials and methods: The quasi-experimental study in 30 volunteers personnel entering the mindfulness meditation based on Mahasatipattanasutta course during 21-23 May 2007. Subjects completed the mental well-being questionnaire developed by researchers before and 4 weeks after the course. Means, frequency and the differences of scores were calculated. Results: There were 25 completed copies for analysis. Data showed that the number of female was 17, average age; 45.71 (SD = 10.43) years and average education year; 12 (SD = 3.85). Most were married. Most had never practiced meditation (21 cases). The mental well-being questionnaire divided into 2 parts i.e, mental quality such as peaceful in mind, cheerful etc. and mental capacity for example tolerance in working, expectation to other people. Each part had 8 items and had an acceptable internal consistency. The differences of mean score of the mental well-being questionnaire i.e, total and each part were statistical significant. Conclusion: Mindfulness meditation practicing in daily life enhanced mental well-being and personnel moral and the questionnaire could evaluate the effect of the meditation based on Mahasatipattanasutta.Item Influence of forensic psychiatric reports to criminal procedure(Journal of Mental Health of Thailand - วารสารสุขภาพจิต แห่งประเทศไทย, 2010-02-12) Wanatda Thomkapanich; Duangta GraipaspongObjective: To study influence of forensic psychiatric diagnosis in case of criminal responsibility, treatment necessary and violence to court orders. Materials and Methods: Samples were 301 inpatients of Galya Rajanagarindra Institute who were criminal offenders during year 200-2007. Data were collected from medical records and reports of the judgments and prosecution. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistic. Results: The study found that most of samples were single, males who aged between 21-40 years old. They were unemployed and graduated primary school. Most of them were sent by courts. Murderers were found the most. Regarding to psychiatric diagnosis, most of them were psychosis and their motivation to crime were delusion and hallucination. Moreover, psychiatrists diagnosed that 125 sample (41.5%) were not criminally responsible, 143 samples (47.5%) needed treatment and 42 samples (14.0%) were stated as violence. In those cases, 5 and 22 cases (1.7 and 7.3%) were dropped the charge by police and district attorneys, respectively. Regarding to criminal responsibility according to the section 65 of Criminal Code, courts agreed with psychiatrist’s diagnosis for 49.3%. In case of treatment order according to the section 48 and 56 of Criminal Code, courts disagreed with psychiatrist’s diagnosis for 64.1% totally. Conclusion: The study showed that forensic psychiatric diagnosis, in cases of criminal responsibility, treatment necessary and violence, moderately influenced to court orders. Thus, this leads to question to develop forensic psychiatric work in the future.Item Stress of industrial employees(Journal of Mental Health of Thailand - วารสารสุขภาพจิต แห่งประเทศไทย, 2010-02-12) Orawan Silpakit; Emwadee KiatsiriObjective: To survey stress related problems of industrial employees and analyze the appropriate cut off scores of Srithanya stress scale (ST-5). Materials and methods: Purposive samples were invited to complete the questionnaires consisted of personal data, ST-5, Hospital Anxiety Depression scale (HAD) and self perception of stress such as work, health status, etc. Data were collected from September to October 2008. Results: Eligible questionnaires for analysis were 366 copies. An average age was 27.5 yrs. Most were female (65.5%), had academic level at secondary school (38.8%) and were daily-payment employees (69.4%). They felt moderately to severe stress from work at 27.1% and assessed the item named feel bored of ST-5 at level frequently to always at 27.3%. The ST-5 was acceptable correlated to HAD-anxiety part (HAD-anx). The cut off scores of ST-5 were 4, 5-7 and ≥ 8. The scores determined cases with stress problems at 36.4% and questionable cases with stress disease at 15.3. Conclusion: These employees had questionable cases with stress problems at 36.4% and questionable cases with stress disease at 15.3% by the ST-5 at 5-7, ≥8 respectively. The ST-5 was acceptable correlated to HAD-anx.Item How to write a scientific article(Journal of Mental Health of Thailand - วารสารสุขภาพจิต แห่งประเทศไทย, 2010-02-12) Julaluk KomoltriAbstract not available.Item Buddhist-oriented individual counseling for depressed chronic illness patients(Journal of Mental Health of Thailand - วารสารสุขภาพจิต แห่งประเทศไทย, 2010-02-12) Ritthirong Hanrinth; Somporn RungreangkulkijObjective: To examine the outcomes of Buddhist-oriented individual counseling for depressed chronic illness patients.Materials and methods: Single group pre- and post-test design was used with a convenience sampling. The 17 depressed chronic illness patients were voluntary participated. The Buddhist-oriented individual counseling program based on the Four Noble Truths. This counseling program lasted 90-120 minutes including 6 steps: 1) establishing morally faith (kalayana), 2) knowing suffering and nature of suffering (dukkha), 3) knowing roots of suffering (samudaya), 4) cessation (nirodha), 5) the eightfold path, and 6) judiciousness (yoniso). The Thai Depression Inventory was used to evaluate the level of depression, prior to and 2 week after the counseling. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test. Qualitative data were analyzed by using content analysis at the 2 week follow up.Results: The result revealed that the score of the depression was significantly decrease after receiving the Buddhist-oriented individual counseling. The subjects were able to utilize the four Buddhist’s noble truths to solve their sufferings. They were able to understand the world and themselves according to the way things were. They were aware of their feelings and able to manage them appropriately by practicing mindfulness meditation.Conclusion: The Buddhist-oriented counseling was effective in depressive reduction in the patients with chronic illness.Item Psychosocial status of members in “To be number one”(Journal of Mental Health of Thailand - วารสารสุขภาพจิต แห่งประเทศไทย, 2010-02-12) Boonchai Nawamongkolwattana; Tatiya TumsenObjectives: To determine the activity outcomes of adolescents attending at Friend’s corners in Bangkok in terms of appropriated behavior, life satisfaction and self esteem. Materials and methods: Designed study as 3 groups case control, the samples were participants as cases, judge correction members as and non-participated youths as control. Sample size was 504 for each group. Three measurements were administered: self esteem scale of Rosenberg, appropriated behavior assessment and life satisfaction scale. Data were statistically analyzed with means, Chi squares and odds ratio. Results: Total questionnaires received were 1,481 copies. Age was between 9-32 years old. The number in each group of participated, judge correction youths and non-participated was 585, 595 and 300, of whom were girls 56%, 54.6% and 33.3% consecutively. Appropriated behavior, life satisfaction and self esteem scores in the participated group were higher than the judge correction group but still equal or lower than the non-participated youth. Conclusions: Friend’s corner activity were found beneficially for participants of whose outcomes were appropriated behavior, life satisfaction and self esteem.Item Resilience to overcome crisis in Thailand(Journal of Mental Health of Thailand - วารสารสุขภาพจิต แห่งประเทศไทย, 2010-02-12) Yongyud WongpiromsarnItem In-patient of Department of Mental Health classified by diagnosis and gender(Journal of Mental Health of Thailand - วารสารสุขภาพจิต แห่งประเทศไทย, 2010-02-12) Charin LimsontikulAbstract not available.Item The enrichment of positive thinking in adolescents(Journal of Mental Health of Thailand - วารสารสุขภาพจิต แห่งประเทศไทย, 2010-02-12) Chavisa Khengsamut; Sudsabuy Chulakadabba; Chirdsak KowasintObjective: Study the effect of positive thinking enrichment program in adolescents, with a quasi-experimental design, as well as control group a pre-test post-test design.Materials and methods: Subjects were 24 high school students between 13 and 14 years old, studying at Streesamutprakan school. There were separated into an experimental and control group with 12 subjects each. The experiment group attended to the positive thinking enrichment program that consisted of activities such as games, role plays, and discussions. The research instruments were the positive thinking test that consist of answer choice, 11 items. Data analysis, compare the different of positive thinking score of subject in experimental and control groups using the t-test and ANCOVA.Results: Students who participated in the program had significance higher positive thinking scores than the control.Conclusion: The positive thinking enrichment program dose increase subjects’ positive thinking when they attended activity in 5 weeks.Item Quality culture survey in mental hospital(Journal of Mental Health of Thailand - วารสารสุขภาพจิต แห่งประเทศไทย, 2010-02-12) Orawan Silpakit; Sukon Chomchuen; Chatchawan SilpakitObjective: To survey the quality culture of Srithanya Hospital prior to the hospital re-accreditation on 29th may 2009. Materials and methods: Subjects were divided into 2 groups. The first group was personnel from all units. They were specific selected by role as a head or a sub-head or an ordinary staff. The second group was members of the leading team. Personnel completed 2 questionnaires, i.e., a safety climate and a quality culture of the organization. The leading team completed only the quality culture of the organization questionnaire. The survey was done during 9-16 April 2009. Descriptive statistics was analysis. The frequency of quality culture of the organization perception between 2 groups was analyzed. The mean scores of safety climate and quality culture of the organization of personnel’s perception according to their role were compared by ANOVA. Results: The highest score of the safety climate of personnel’s perception was on the item of ‘patient’s safety is constantly reinforced as the priority in the unit” (89%). The agreement of quality culture of the organization of both groups were on items of leadership (\> 80%) and on items of sustainable process of quality culture of people and all level of leaders (about 40%). The enthusiasm and system integration items were different between groups ranged from 60-80%. Conclusion: The strength of organization culture of Srithanya Hospital was on the leadership and the opportunity for improvement focused on the system integration, effective ways of communication between teams and all level of leaders should be trained to initiate or create quality by themselves. Personnel were highly aware of the policy of patient’s safety. The guidelines should be revised and consistent monitoring in order to improve the safety culture.Item Drug utilization evaluation of extended-release methylphenidate(Journal of Mental Health of Thailand - วารสารสุขภาพจิต แห่งประเทศไทย, 2010-02-12) Pramote SripochaiObjective: To evaluate utilization of extended-release methylphenidate regarding indication and dosage. Materials and methods: Subjects were patients received extended-release methylphenidate at Suansaranrom hospital during February 1st to August 31st 2007. Author had developed the guideline for ExM drug utilization evaluation (DUE) protocol i.e. the appropriate criteria for DUE, intervention to physicians and health care teams to work along process, DUE and adverse drug reaction (ADR) monitoring. Clinical data and indications, dosages were collected. DUE, ADR were monitored according to the guideline. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results: There were forty-one cases. Most were boys at an average age of 9.65 ± 2.81 years. The purpose of treatment was for the attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (95.1%). Adverse drug reactions were found in twenty-seven patients. There were anorexia (44.4%), insomnia (22.3%) and weight loss (7.4%) respectively. ExM was used for appropriate indications and dosages along the guideline. No serious adverse drug reaction was reported. Conclusion: DUE of ExM showed that the utilization and indication was appropriate and the guideline was easy to follow and ADR was completely reported. This guideline will lead to an optimal drug use and may increase medication adherence of patients.Item Self-esteem and defense mechanisms in abused adolescent girls(Journal of Mental Health of Thailand - วารสารสุขภาพจิต แห่งประเทศไทย, 2010-02-12) Rachanee ChalongkuakulObjective: This study examined self-esteem, defense styles and compared between higher and lower self-esteem groups in abused adolescent girls. Materials and methods: Subjects were 147 girls, institute ordered by Child Protection Act in two governmental shelters, age 12 to 18 with a history of child abused answered self -reported questionnaires assessing education, family atmosphere, relationship to parent, self esteem (FSC Thai version) and defense mechanism organization (DSQ Thai version). Results: Mean age of the group was 15.4 (SD = 1.5) and 56.5 % were studying in secondary school. The family atmosphere and relationship with mother significantly correlated to self-esteem among abused adolescent girls. Adolescents who reporting higher self-esteem used more sublimation, while those with lower self-esteem showed more immature defense styles, and used more projection, acting out and displacement than the other group. Conclusion: There was significant correlation between family atmosphere, relationship with mother, defense styles, and self-esteem in abused adolescent girls. The results may lead to further research and treatment programs for enhancing self esteem and resiliency in abused children.Item Structured group psychotherapy program for bipolar disorder(Journal of Mental Health of Thailand - วารสารสุขภาพจิต แห่งประเทศไทย, 2010-02-12) Santichai ChamchitchunObjective: This research aimed to develop the structured group psychotherapy program for patients with bipolar disorder. Materials and methods: This research and development comprised the program of structured group psychotherapy which were developed following to the innovative knowledge and technology research development standard. There were 26 volunteer patients entered to the study. The 12 sessions of structured group psychotherapy was held weekly, 1 hour each session for the experimented group. The control group was treated as usual monthly for 3 months. Both groups were followed 12 months. The characteristic of experimented group was compared with control group by chi-square and t-test. Relapse and admission were analysed after the follow-up period. Results: The structured group psychotherapy program decreased numbers of relapse and admission in experimented group more than in control group. The relative risk of structured group psychotherapy on relapse and admission were 0.4 and 0.5 respectively. Conclusion: The structured group psychotherapy program was a protective factor for relapse and admission in bipolar patients.