C.S, Vinod KumarPatil, SatishPrasad, B.S.A, Arun KumarKalappanavar, N.K.K.G, Raghu KumarV.L, JayasimhaK.G, Basavarajappa2020-04-102020-04-102018-01C.S Vinod Kumar, Patil Satish, Prasad B.S., A Arun Kumar, Kalappanavar N.K., K.G Raghu Kumar, V.L Jayasimha, K.G Basavarajappa. Biofilm production and multidrug resistant bacterial isolates in ventilator associated pneumonia. Indian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2018 JAN; 70(1): 23-270019-53591998-3654http://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/196512Context: Ventilator-associated pneumonia is the second most common complication among all types of nosocomial infections. Mechanical ventilation predisposes to formation of a biofilm which worsens the prognosis because of increased multidrug resistant isolates implicated in formation of biofilm. Aim of the Study: The study was conducted to find out the relationship between duration of mechanical ventilation, biofilm formation, and antibiotic resistance among VAPpathogens. Study Design and Methods: A descriptive analytical study of 150 clinically suspected VAPpatients was done. Patients were divided into Group I and II based on intubation duration for 1–5 days and more than 6 days, respectively. Endotracheal aspirate was collected from clinically diagnosed cases and processed as per standard microbiological techniques. Bacterial counts ? 106 CFU/ mLfor quantitative cultures were considered significant. Biofilm production was detected by tissue culture plate method. Multivariate analysis was done to find out the association of the various factors. Results: Klebsiella pneumoniae was the predominant bacteria isolated followed by Acinetobacterbaumannii. Among Gram negative bacteria 66.8% were ?-lactamase producers. In biofilm production by tissue culture method, Group I patients, 72.4% of the isolates showed either strong / moderate biofilm formation and in Group II patients, 92.3% of the isolates showed either strong / moderate biofilm formation. Multivariate analysis revealed that bacteria isolated from VAPoccurring after 5 days of mechanical ventilation among prior antibiotic-treated patients were resistant to all the antibiotics tested. Conclusion: Bacterial aetiology, prolonged intubation, biofilm formation, and drug resistance have ramification on outcome of VAP. Hence removal of ET tube in regular intervals should be considered with a proper choice of antimicrobial treatment or using ETtube coated with drugs/ biomaterials that discourage biofilm formation may be explored.Ventilator-associated pneumoniaBiofilmMultidrug-resistant bacteriaJournal ArticleIndiaDepartment of Microbiology, S. S. Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, NH-4, Bypass Road, Davangere, Karnataka, IndiaDepartment of Pediatrics, S. S. Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, NH-4, Bypass Road, Davangere, Karnataka, IndiaDepartment of Anesthesiology, S. S. Institute of Medical Sciences Research Centre, NH-4, Bypass Road, Davangere, Karnataka, India