al-Haddad, M KBaig, B ZEbrahim, R A1997-12-232009-06-011997-12-232009-06-011997-12-23al-Haddad MK, Baig BZ, Ebrahim RA. Epidemiology of HIV and AIDS in Bahrain. Journal of Communicable Diseases. 1997 Dec; 29(4): 321-8http://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/113103Between 1986 and 1996, 378 HIV cases were identified in Bahrain, of whom 51% were foreign nationals. Intravenous drug abuse was a major risk factor (38.8%) among Bahraini nationals, while transmission through sexual contact was more common (45.7%) among foreigners. Other well known risk factors were also represented in the two communities. The male to female ratio for the two communities were very different with 10:1 for nationals compared to 1:1.4 for foreigners. Among the AIDS defining manifestations, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was the commonest (50%), followed by tuberculosis (21%), oro-esophageal candidiasis, cryptosporidiosis and toxoplasmosis. Transmission through sex and maternal-foetus route could emerge as significant contributors in the spread of AIDS in Bahrain unless appropriate preventive steps are taken.engAdultBahrain --epidemiologyFemaleHIV Infections --epidemiologyHumansInfant, NewbornInfectious Disease Transmission, Vertical --statistics & numerical dataMaleMiddle AgedPopulation SurveillanceRisk FactorsSexual Behavior --statistics & numerical dataSubstance Abuse, Intravenous --complicationsJournal Article