Rahman, MIslam, HAhmed, DSack, R B2001-09-052009-05-272001-09-052009-05-272001-09-05Rahman M, Islam H, Ahmed D, Sack RB. Emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Gloucester and Salmonella typhimurium in Bangladesh. Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition. 2001 Sep; 19(3): 191-8http://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/757Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition.Infections due to non-typhoid Salmonella, resistant to antibiotics, have recently emerged as an important health problem worldwide. Antibiotic resistance was studied by the disc-diffusion method among 3,876 (2.78%) non-typhoid Salmonella isolates cultured from 139,279 faecal samples in a diarrhoea treatment centre in Dhaka, Bangladesh, during 1989-1996. Of 499 salmonellae isolated in 1989, serogroup C (1.12%) was the most common, followed by Salmonella Typhi (0.72%) and serogroup B (0.71%). Isolation rate of serogroup B increased significantly to 2.18% (p < 0.01) in 1992 compared to 0.56% in 1991, 2.86% in 1995, and 2.48% in 1996. Serotyping of 194 serogroup B isolates revealed Salmonella Typhimurium (52%) and Salmonella Gloucester (45%) as predominant serotypes. Resistance to ampicillin (A), chloramphenicol (C), and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (Sxt) (R type-ACSxt) increased to 89-100% during 1992-1996 from 20-28% during 1989-1991 (p < 0.01) among S. Typhimurium and S. Gloucester isolates. In 1993, 8-10% of the strains of both the serotypes, resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, acquired resistance to ceftriaxone (Cr) (R type-ACSxtCr), which increased to 85-92% in 1996 (p < 0.01). All were susceptible to ciprofloxacin. A 157-kb conjugative plasmid transferred R type-ACSxt from both the serotypes to Escherichia coli K-12. The findings of the study suggest the emergence of multidrug-resistant S. Gloucester and S. Typhimurium for the first time as a significant health problem in Bangladesh, and surveillance is essential to monitor the resistant non-typhoid Salmonella and identify its sources and modes of transmission.engAnti-Bacterial Agents --pharmacologyBangladesh --epidemiologyCommunicable Diseases, Emerging --drug therapyDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialFeces --microbiologyHumansMicrobial Sensitivity TestsSalmonella --drug effectsSalmonella Infections --drug therapySalmonella typhimurium --drug effectsJournal Article