Kumar, ManishBiswal, NiranjanBhuvaneswari, VSrinivasan, S2012-10-252012-10-252009-12Kumar Manish, Biswal Niranjan, Bhuvaneswari V, Srinivasan S. Persistent Pneumonia: Underlying Cause and Outcome. Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 2009 Dec; 76(12): 1223-1126.http://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/142447Objective. To identify the causes and contributing factors of persistent pneumonia in children. Methods. 41 cases with persistent pneumonia were investigated (biochemical, microbiological, histopathological, immunological and radiological tests) to find out the underlying cause. Results. Out of 41 cases, 8 had pulmonary tuberculosis and 12 had Gram negative bacterial infections, 12 had aspiration due to gastroesophageal reflux disease or oil instillation, 3 had immunodeficiency due to HIV infection, 2 had congenital lung malformation, 2 had cardiac disorders and one had foreign body aspiration as causes of persistent pneumonia. The etiology could not be established in one case. Conclusion. The most common underlying cause of persistent pneumonia were persistent infection followed by aspiration and acquired immunodeficiency.enPersistent pneumoniaOil instillation pneumoniaHIV infectionTuberculosisChildChild, PreschoolChronic DiseaseFemaleHIV Infections --epidemiologyHumansIndia --epidemiologyInfantMalePneumonia --epidemiologyPneumonia --etiologyPneumonia --therapyPneumonia, Aspiration --epidemiologyPneumonia, Aspiration --etiologyPneumonia, Bacterial --epidemiologyPneumonia, Bacterial --etiologyProspective StudiesTreatment OutcomeTuberculosis, Pulmonary --epidemiologyArticle