Chen, FeiChen, JunhaoWang, ZhengjiaZhang, JiaweiLi, XiaojiangLin, MeiguiSong, YunfengZhang, Liangsheng2020-11-182020-11-182019-03Chen Fei, Chen Junhao, Wang Zhengjia, Zhang Jiawei, Li Xiaojiang, Lin Meigui, Song Yunfeng, Zhang Liangsheng. Genomics: cracking the mysteries of walnuts. Journal of Genetics. 2019 Mar; 98: 1-30022-13330973-7731http://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/215465The Juglans plants are economically important as they provide nuts, wood and garden trees. They also play an important ecological role by supplying food for wild insects and animals. The decoding of genome sequences has fundamental values for understanding the evolution of Juglans plants and molecules, and is also a prerequisite for molecular breeding. During the last three years, the rapid development of sequencing technology has made walnut research into the genome era. Here, we reviewed the progress of genome sequencing of six Juglans species, the resequencing of four Juglans populations as well as the genome sequencing of the closely related species Pterocarya stenoptera. The analysis of the Juglans regia genome uncovers a whole genome duplication (WGD) event. Based on the molecular dating of the divergence time of six Juglans species, we proposed this WGD event was associated with Cretaceous–Palaeogene (K-Pg) boundary occurred ∼65 million years ago. Genomic sequences also provide clear details for understanding the evolution and development of GGT and PPO genes involved in fruit development. The decoding of these genomes has made it easier for us to understand and enhance the use of walnuts. We expect that the functional genomics research of walnut will also develop rapidly in the near future.walnutgenome sequencingresequencingdivergence timewhole genome duplicationfruit developmentJuglans sppJournal ArticleIndiaState Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Corps (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Corps (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Corps (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Corps (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People’s Republic of China