Islam, M.A.Wani, A.A.Gatoo, A.A.Shah, M.Sofi, K.A.Bhat, G.M.Parrey, A.A.Arjumand, T.2025-05-122025-05-122024-12Islam M.A., Wani A.A., Gatoo A.A., Shah M., Sofi K.A., Bhat G.M., Parrey A.A., Arjumand T. . Contribution of provisioning ecosystem services of homestead trees to rural livelihoods in Kashmir Himalaya, India. Journal of Environmental Biology. 2024 Dec; 45(6): 676-6850254-87042394-0379https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/247542Aim: To quantify provisioning ecosystem services (PES) derived from homestead trees, estimate their economic value and contribution to rural livelihoods, and ascertain socio-economic determinants of household PES income from homestead trees in district Budgam of Kashmir. Methodology: In this study 106 homesteads were selected across 12 sample villages using multi-stage random sampling. Data were gathered through structured interviews, focus group discussions, homestead inventories, non-participant observations, and rapid market assessments. The data were analyzed through descriptive and analytical statistics. Results: The mean value of PES of homestead trees was ? 14349.27 per household per year, which was composed of fruits (45.54%), fuel wood th (20.50%), tree browse (18.15%), timber (8.06%), and wicker (7.75%). PES of homestead trees constituted 4 important component of rural economy, accounting 16.23% of the average household's income. ANCOVA indicated that social membership, family size, family labour, farm size, livestock 2 holding, main occupation, wealth status and annual income were potent predictors of household PES income from homestead trees. The R (0.872) of the ANCOVA model indicated that socio-economic determinants accounted for 87.20% of the variation in homestead trees' domestic PES revenue. Interpretation: Findings suggested that PES income from homestead trees is a vital intervention for socio-economic development, livelihood diversification, and forest conservation; hence, policy must be implicated towards a sustainable supply of PES from homestead trees by promoting homestead tree holdings.Homestead treesKashmir HimalayaLivelihoodProvisioning ecosystem servicesJournal ArticleIndiaDivision of Natural Resource Management, Faculty of Forestry, SKUAST-K, Ganderbal-191 201, IndiaDivision of Natural Resource Management, Faculty of Forestry, SKUAST-K, Ganderbal-191 201, IndiaDivision of Natural Resource Management, Faculty of Forestry, SKUAST-K, Ganderbal-191 201, IndiaDivision of Natural Resource Management, Faculty of Forestry, SKUAST-K, Ganderbal-191 201, IndiaDivision of Natural Resource Management, Faculty of Forestry, SKUAST-K, Ganderbal-191 201, IndiaDivision of Natural Resource Management, Faculty of Forestry, SKUAST-K, Ganderbal-191 201, IndiaDivision of Natural Resource Management, Faculty of Forestry, SKUAST-K, Ganderbal-191 201, IndiaDivision of Natural Resource Management, Faculty of Forestry, SKUAST-K, Ganderbal-191 201, India