Chavan, Vijay RAnsari, ZakiyaMehta, PreetiMania-Pramanik, Jayanti2020-01-022020-01-022018-03Chavan Vijay R, Ansari Zakiya, Mehta Preeti, Mania-Pramanik Jayanti. Distribution of killer immunoglobulin-like receptor genes in HIV infected long-term non-progressors from Mumbai, India. Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology. 2018 Mar; 84(2): 247-2500378-63230973-3922http://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/192352Background: Few reports suggest the association of killer immunoglobulin-like receptors of natural killer cells with human immunodeficiency virus infection. India with world's third largest population of human immunodeficiency virus / acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, offers scope to study such association. Objective: Current study (2010-2015) was designed to evaluate if killer immunoglobulin-like receptors gene polymorphisms are associated with HIV infection outcomes specifically, with long term non progressors. Methods: Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors genotyping was done using polymerase chain reaction - sequence-specific primer method. Viral load was measured by Cobas Taqman HIV-1 test. Estimation of CD4 counts was done using BD FACS CD4 count reagent. Results: The activating gene frequencies identified were 3DS1 (53.8%), 2DS3 (69.2%), 2DS4 (76.9%), 2DS5 (69.2%), 2DS1 (76.9%) and 2DS2 (92.3%). The inhibitory gene frequencies were 2DL2 (92.3%), 2DL5 (76.9%), 2DL3 (69.5%), 3DL1 (84.6%), 3DL2 (92.3%) and 2DL1 (100%). The results highlight high frequency of 3DS1/3DL1 heterozygote and killer immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DS1, among these long term non progressors indicating their possible association with slow progression. Genotype analysis shows total 13 genotypes, of which 8 genotypes were identified for the first time from India. Two genotypes were unique/novel, which were unreported. All genotypes observed in this study were considered to be Bx genotype (100 %). Limitations: A small sample size (n=13, due to a rare cohort) and the absence of control group were the limitations of this study. Conclusions: The present study highlights the distribution of killer immunoglobulin-like receptor genes in a very rare group of human immunodeficiency virus -1 infected individuals - long term non progressors. All the long term non progressors tested show the presence of Bx haplotype and each long term non progressors has a different killer immunoglobulin-like receptor genotype.Human immunodeficiency viruslong term non-progressorskiller immunoglobulin-like receptor genotypesJournal ArticleIndiaDepartment of Infectious Diseases Biology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (Indian Council of Medical Research), Mumbai, Maharashtra, IndiaDepartment of Microbiology, Seth G. S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India