Kapoor, APandey, PDixit, AAgarwal, STewari, UMittal, KPratap, JAkhtar, S2024-12-092024-12-092024-02Kapoor A, Pandey P, Dixit A, Agarwal S, Tewari U, Mittal K, Pratap J, Akhtar S. Human Papilloma Virus, Programmed Death Ligand-1, and Tumor Microenvironment: Implications for the Patients with Head-and-Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. International Journal of Scientific Study. 2024 Feb; 11(11): 22-292321-63792321-595Xhttps://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/242556Objectives: To investigate the relationship among the immunohistochemical expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), CD8, and human papillomavirus (HPV) with a variety of clinicopathological parameters. Purpose: The study of PD-L1, HPV, and CD8 expression may provide clinicians with more exact information to appraise tumor aggressiveness and treatment modalities. Methods: In this prospective study, a total of 100 head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cases were investigated. The tumor was graded according to World Health Organization criteria. PD-L1, CD8, and HPV expression were determined by immunohistochemical staining. The obtained results were assessed using the Chi-square test. Results: Out of 100 cases, 73% of patients were positive for PD-L1, 90% of cases were positive for HPV expression, and 94% of cases were positive for CD8. There was a statistically significant link between PD-L1 and drinking alcohol, abnormal sexual behavior, having multiple sexual partners, and the grade of the tumor. CD8 expression was also associated with gender and smoking. In contrast to this, HPV expression is associated with aberrant sexual behavior. The connection between the expression of PD-L1 and CD8 was found to be substantial (P = 0.002). Conclusion: HNSCC with high CD8+ TIL infiltration and PD-L1 expression may have a better outcome, superior survival, and cancer endurance.CD8Head-and-neck squamous cell carcinomaHuman papillomavirusPD- L1TILJournal ArticleIndiaSenior Resident, Department of Pathology, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaProfessor and Head, Department of Pathology, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaProfessor and Head, Department of Pharmacology, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaProfessor, Department of Pathology, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaSenior Resident, Department of Psychiatry, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaProfessor and Head, Department of Radiation Oncology, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaProfessor, Department Of ENT, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India3rd Year Post Graduate Student, Department of Pathology, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India