Gender differences in genotypic distribution of endothelin-1 gene and endothelin receptor A gene in pulmonary hypertension associated with rheumatic mitral valve disease

Mehra, PratishthaMehta, VimalYusuf, JamalMukhopadhyay, SaibalDabla, Pradeep KumarParashar, LokeshSukhija, RishiAronow, Wilbert S.2023-07-212023-07-212022-10Mehra Pratishtha, Mehta Vimal, Yusuf Jamal, Mukhopadhyay Saibal, Dabla Pradeep Kumar, Parashar Lokesh, Sukhija Rishi, Aronow Wilbert S.. Gender differences in genotypic distribution of endothelin-1 gene and endothelin receptor A gene in pulmonary hypertension associated with rheumatic mitral valve disease. Indian Heart Journal. 2022 Oct; 74(5): 375-3810019-48322213-3763http://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/220928Introduction: The female gender is a risk factor for idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. However, it is unknown whether females with rheumatic mitral valve disease are more predisposed to develop pulmonary hypertension compared to males. Aim: We aimed to investigate whether there was a difference in genotypic distribution of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and endothelin receptor A (ETA) genes between female and male patients of pulmonary hypertension associated with rheumatic mitral valve disease (PH-MVD). Methods: We compared prevalence of ET-1 gene (Lys198Asn) and ETA gene (His323His) polymorphisms according to gender in 123 PH-MVD subjects and 123 healthy controls. Results: The presence of mutant Asn/Asn and either mutant Asn/Asn or heterozygous Lys/Asn genotypes of Lys198Asn polymorphism when compared to Lys/Lys in females showed significant association with higher risk (odds ratio [OR] 4.5; p ¼0.007 and OR 2.39; p ¼0.02, respectively). The presence of heterozygous C/T and either mutant T/T or heterozygous C/T genotypes of His323His polymorphism when compared to wild C/C genotype in females showed a significant association with higher risk (OR 1.96; p ¼0.047 and OR 2.26; p ¼0.01, respectively). No significant difference was seen in genotypic frequencies in males between PH-MVD subjects and controls. Logistic regression analysis showed that mutant genotype Asn/Asn (p ¼0.007) and heterozygous genotype Lys/Asn of Lys198Asn polymorphism (p ¼0.018) were independent predictors of development of PH in females.Pulmonary hypertensionRheumatic heart diseaseMitral stenosisEndothelin-1 gene polymorphismEndothelin receptor A gene polymorphismGenderGender differences in genotypic distribution of endothelin-1 gene and endothelin receptor A gene in pulmonary hypertension associated with rheumatic mitral valve diseaseJournal ArticleIndiaDepartment of Cardiology, G. B. Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, IndiaDepartment of Biochemistry, G. B. Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, IndiaStatistician, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, IndiaDivision of Cardiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USADepartment of Cardiology, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA