Dhurat, RKothavade, RJKumar, A2020-04-232020-04-232018-03Dhurat R, Kothavade RJ, Kumar A. A first-line antiretroviral therapy-resistant HIV patient with rhinoentomophthoromycosis. Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology. 2018 Mar; 36(1): 136-1390255-08571998-3646http://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/198741The Conidiobolus coronatus-related rhinoentomophthoromycosis in immunocompetent and immunocompromised (HIV negative) individuals has been treated successfully with antifungal drugs. However, C. coronatus infections in first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART)-resistant (HIV infected) individuals particularly with rhinoentomophthoromycosis have not been reported previously. Here, we describe a case of itraconazole non-responding rhinoentomophthoromycosis in an HIV-infected patient with first-line antiretroviral (ART) drug resistance which was successfully managed through systematic diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in dermatologic setting. A 32-year-old HIV-1-infected man presented with painless swelling, nasal redness and respiratory difficulty. The patient was receiving first-line ART and had a history of traumatic injury before the onset of nasopharyngeal manifestations. The patient's previous history included oral candidiasis and pulmonary tuberculosis.AIDSantiviral drugsConidiobolus coronatusHIVrhinoentomophthoromycosisJournal ArticleIndiaDepartment of Dermatology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, IndiaDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Sepsis Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada