Echere, JSayegh, GAsaju, FOkafor, ENOguntuase, OALeukeu, AJAdetunji, EOABadr, OBrown, SMSultana, SAzipu, REzewudo, OObi, MFerguson, FGopal, S.2024-11-302024-11-302024-08Echere J, Sayegh G, Asaju F, Okafor EN, Oguntuase OA, Leukeu AJ, Adetunji EOA, Badr O, Brown SM, Sultana S, Azipu R, Ezewudo O, Obi M, Ferguson F, Gopal S.. Systemic Biomarkers in Predicting Clinical Outcomes among Patients with Non-ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review. Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research. 2024 Aug; 36(9): 45-552456-8899https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/237248Background: The ability to predict clinical outcomes in Non-ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) could potentially lead to better risk stratification and treatment management. This systematic review aims to evaluate the predictive value of systemic biomarkers on the clinical outcomes among NSTEMI patients. Methods: A comprehensive search across PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus was conducted, adhering to PRISMA Statement 2020 guidelines. Original clinical studies involving NSTEMI patients with measured systemic biomarkers were considered. Keyword combinations included the following: 'NSTEMI', 'systemic biomarkers', 'clinical outcomes', 'major adverse cardiac events', and/or 'mortality. Results: We included 7 studies in total pooling in 863 participants, with biomarkers such as Syntax score, Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), Matrix Metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), and Perforin (P), among others. All systemic inflammation (SI) biomarkers were found significantly elevated in patients with high Syntax scores. ROC values for major adverse cardiac events (MACE) ranged from 0.592 to 0.637, and for overall mortality from 0.524 to 0.761. Monocytic MMP-9 mRNA levels were found increased in patients with NSTEMI (0.9 +/- 0.3 relative units (RU)). Positive correlations were found between cardiac troponin I plasma concentrations and the frequency of Perforin-positive cells during the first week after the NSTEMI. Conclusion: Systemic biomarkers, including Syntax score, NLR, PLR, MMP-9, and Perforin, show potential predictive value for clinical outcomes in NSTEMI patients. Their use could aid in early risk stratification and management. However, more large-scale, multicenter studies are warranted to validate these findings.Systemic biomarkersNon-ST segment elevation myocardial infarctionpredictive valuerisk stratificationsyntax scoreneutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratioplatelet-to-lymphocyte ratioJournal ArticleIndiaThe University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, USARoss University School of Medicine, USADelta State University College of Health Sciences, NigeriaSumy State University Medical Institute, UkraineCaribbean Medical University, CuraçaoXavier University School of Medicine, ArubaKharkiv National Medical University, UkraineAlexandria University Faculty of Medicine, EgyptQueens University College of Medicine, BarbadosSiddhartha Medical College (SMC), IndiaUniversity of Calabar College of Medical Sciences, NigeriaCollege of Medicine, University of Nigeria, NigeriaMadonna University College of Medicine, NigeriaSumma Health, USABassett Medical Center, USA.