Wagh, PKulkarni, PKerkar, SWarke, HChaudhari, HDeodhar, KRekhi, BTongaonkar, HMania-Pramanik, J2020-04-232020-04-232018-06Wagh P, Kulkarni P, Kerkar S, Warke H, Chaudhari H, Deodhar K, Rekhi B, Tongaonkar H, Mania-Pramanik J. Polymorphisms in cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen 4 gene does not affect scytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen 4 levels in human papillomavirus-infected women with or without cervical cancer. Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology. 2018 Jun; 36(2): 207-2100255-08571998-3646http://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/198755Background: Cervical cancer (CaCx) is the second most common cancer in Indian women. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) + 49 AA polymorphism is known to be associated with CaCx. Current attempt is to use immunotherapy for the treatment of metastatic melanoma and metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, i.e., blocking of CTLA-4 using a fully human monoclonal CTLA-4 antibody to disrupt its inhibitory signal. This allows the CTLs to destroy the cancer cells. There is no information available on the soluble level of CTLA-4 on which the immunotherapy is targeted. This is specifically in Indian population including cases with CaCx. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the levels of soluble CTLA-4 (sCTLA-4) in human papillomavirus (HPV)-infected women with or without CaCx and their association with the polymorphism at CTLA-4 + 49 A/G and CTLA-4 ?318 C/T genotypes. Materials and Methods: This is an exploratory case–control study involving two groups of HPV-infected women, the cases were with invasive CaCx and the control group was women with the healthy cervix. sCTLA-4 levels were measured using ELISA in 92 CaCx cases and 57 HPV-positive women with the healthy cervix. Results: Both cases and controls have similar sCTLA-4 levels. Comparison of CTLA-4 + 49A/G and ?318 C/T genotypes with sCTLA-4 levels among cases and control also did not show any statistically significant difference. Conclusion: The present study suggests sCTLA-4 levels are not affected by a polymorphism at + 49 A>G CTLA-4. Hence, levels of CTLA-4 are similar in both CaCx cases and control group.Cervical cancerpolymorphismsoluble cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen 4Journal ArticleIndiaDepartment of Infectious Diseases Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, Maharashtra, IndiaDepartment of Infectious Diseases Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USADepartment of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Seth G. S. Medical College, KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, IndiaDepartment of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, IndiaDepartment Urology and Gynecologic Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital; Department of Surgery, Hinduja Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India