Comparison of Thyroid Function in Lead Poisoned Patients and Healthy Individuals in North India

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dc.contributor.authorMaini, Jindal, Nen_US
dc.contributor.authorGupta, VKen_US
dc.contributor.authorBansal, Een_US
dc.contributor.authorDhingra, Men_US
dc.contributor.authorSingh, Sen_US
dc.contributor.authorGhosh, A.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2025-08-13T11:54:30Z
dc.date.available2025-08-13T11:54:30Z
dc.date.issued2025-07
dc.description.abstractBackground: Lead remains a pervasive environmental toxicant in India, with emerging evidence linking it to endocrine disruption. Its potential effect on thyroid function remains unclear, with inconsistent findings across studies. This study aimed to evaluate the association between blood lead concentration (BLC) and thyroid hormone levels in a North Indian population. Methods: This retrospective study included 237 patients from Punjab who underwent simultaneous testing for BLC and thyroid hormones between January 2022 and December 2023. Patients were grouped by BLC (<10, 10–25, >25 µg/dL), and those with known thyroid disease or on thyroid-altering medications were excluded. BLC and thyroid hormones (fT3, fT4, TSH) were measured using validated instruments (LeadCare II, Roche Elecsys). Results: Group 3 (BLC >25 µg/dL) had significantly higher fT4 levels (19.26 ± 4.95 pmol/L) and lower TSH levels (2.19 ± 1.77 µIU/L) compared to Group 1 (fT4: 16.26 ± 6.65 pmol/L; TSH: 3.60 ± 4.59 µIU/L; p <0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed in fT3 values between the groups (p = 0.513). Regression analysis showed a positive association between BLC and fT4 and a negative association with TSH. These findings suggest a trend toward subclinical hyperthyroid features in individuals with elevated lead levels. Conclusion: Elevated BLC is associated with altered thyroid function, notably increased fT4 and decreased TSH concentrations, even in the absence of overt thyroid disease. These results support lead’s role as a potential endocrine disruptor, with possible involvement of oxidative stress and neuroendocrine pathways.en_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDepartment of Biochemistry, Dayanand Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana, Indiaen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDepartment of Community Medicine, Dayanand Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana, Indiaen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDepartment of Biochemistry, Dayanand Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana, Indiaen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDayanand Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana, Indiaen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDayanand Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana, Indiaen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDepartment of Biochemistry, Mata Gujri Memorial Medical College & Lions Seva Kendra Hospital, Kishanganj, Indiaen_US
dc.identifier.citationMaini Jindal N, Gupta VK, Bansal E, Dhingra M, Singh S, Ghosh A.. Comparison of Thyroid Function in Lead Poisoned Patients and Healthy Individuals in North India. National Journal of Community Medicine. 2025 Jul; 16(7): 699-708en_US
dc.identifier.issn2229-6816
dc.identifier.issn0976-3325
dc.identifier.placeIndiaen_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/254517
dc.languageenen_US
dc.publisherMedsci Publicationsen_US
dc.relation.issuenumber7en_US
dc.relation.volume16en_US
dc.source.urihttps://doi.org/10.55489/njcm.160720255585en_US
dc.subjectLead poisoningen_US
dc.subjectThyroid hormonesen_US
dc.subjectfT4en_US
dc.subjectTSHen_US
dc.subjectEnvironmental exposureen_US
dc.subjectEndocrine disruptionen_US
dc.subjectNorth Indiaen_US
dc.titleComparison of Thyroid Function in Lead Poisoned Patients and Healthy Individuals in North Indiaen_US
dc.typeJournal Articleen_US
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