Prognostic significance of programmed death ligand 2 expression in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes of triple-negative breast cancer

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dc.contributor.authorOng, Cen_US
dc.contributor.authorJegannathan, Nen_US
dc.contributor.authorIqbal, J.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2025-06-18T11:56:19Z
dc.date.available2025-06-18T11:56:19Z
dc.date.issued2025-04
dc.description.abstractObjectives: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive subtype of breast cancer characterized by the absence of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 protein. Patients with high expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) have been found to have better prognosis and increased response to anti-PD-1/PDL1 immunotherapy. However, the role programmed death ligand 2 (PD-L2), the other known ligand of PD-1, plays in PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint pathway has not been well studied. Therefore, this project aims to investigate (1) the relationship between PD-L2 expression in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and patient clinicopathological features, (2) whether PD-L2 can serve as a predictor of patient survival, and (3) the association of PD-L2 expression with the infiltration of relevant immune cell types in the tumor microenvironment. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and ninety-six (296) TNBC cases diagnosed between 2003 and 2013 in Singapore General Hospital were used in this study to create tissue microarray for immunohistochemistry with several antibodies. Results: Patients with PD-L2 expression were found to have significantly improved disease-free survival (hazard ratio [HR] 0.51; P = 0.0362) and overall survival (HR 0.43; P = 0.0379) compared to patients who have negative PD-L2 expression. PD-L2+ TILs correlate significantly with CD3+ T-cells (P = 0.00776) and CD20+ B-cells (P = 0.001019) infiltration in the stromal compartments and intratumoral CD38+ plasma cells (P = 0.048869) infiltration. Conclusion: Like PD-L1, PD-L2 positivity in TILs was found in our study to indicate a better prognosis compared to PD-L2-negative patients.en_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDepartment of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singaporeen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDepartment of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singaporeen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationsDepartment of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singaporeen_US
dc.identifier.citationOng C, Jegannathan N, Iqbal J.. Prognostic significance of programmed death ligand 2 expression in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes of triple-negative breast cancer. Indian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2025 Apr; 77(1): 11-17en_US
dc.identifier.issn1998-3654
dc.identifier.issn0019-5359
dc.identifier.placeIndiaen_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/249717
dc.languageenen_US
dc.publisherScientific Scholaren_US
dc.relation.issuenumber1en_US
dc.relation.volume77en_US
dc.source.urihttps://dx.doi.org/10.25259/IJMS_141_2024en_US
dc.subjectImmunotherapyen_US
dc.subjectPD-1en_US
dc.subjectProgrammed death ligand 1en_US
dc.subjectTriple-negative breast canceren_US
dc.titlePrognostic significance of programmed death ligand 2 expression in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes of triple-negative breast canceren_US
dc.typeJournal Articleen_US
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