Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Activities and Protective Effects of Sideritis italica Extract on C2C12 Oxidative Stress.
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Date
2014-04
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Abstract
Aims: Sideritis italica is a medicinal plant used for medical purposes mainly based on
experiences rather than scientific evidence. Biological properties, composition of primary
and secondary metabolites as well as the antioxidant capacity were investigated on
samples from wild plant.
Methodology: The ultrastructure of aerial parts and quantitative distribution of pigments,
including chlorophylls and amino acids, as well as the main class of secondary
metabolites (phenols, flavonoids, flavonols and proanthocyanidins) were investigated. The
extracts were tested by radical scavenging assays (DPPH, ABTS) and pharmacological
assays (antiproliferative activity, effects on ROS production and protective effects against
DNA damage induced by hydrogen peroxide) for their effects on C2C12 cell line.
Results: Scanning electron microphotography confirms the presence of pharmacognostic characteristics, such as glandular and non-glandular trichomes on aerial parts. The
chemical analysis indicates that the leaves are the most important part of the plant, and
ethanol/water 70/30 is the preferable extraction solvent. The highest concentration of all
metabolites was found in 70% ethanol extract of leaves. The antiradical assays and the in
vitro tests on mouse myoblast cells C2C12 confirm the biological activities of the extract.
C2C12 culture medium supplemented with extract, at doses (5-200μg/ml) not interfering
with cell viability, was seen to modulate the ROS production and balance the increased
oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide. The treatment of C2C12 cells with 200
μg/ml of extract results in a percentage reduction of ROS of -60% and -71%, compared to
untreated and H2O2 treated groups, respectively, P<.05. The quantitative reduction of 8-
hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), which is a biomarker of free radical DNA damage,
confirms the protective effect of S. italica extract on oxidative stress at basal condition as
well as in presence of exogenous stimuli (-11 and -7%, at 20μg/ml, respectively versus
untreated and H2O2 groups, P<.05).
Conclusion: The results obtained in the present study support the rational base for the
medicinal use of plant and extracts in modulating the free radical metabolism and
balancing the oxidative stress.
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Keywords
Sideritis italica, C2C12 Mouse myoblast cell, reactive oxygen species, 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine, plant extract
Citation
Menghini Luigi, Pintore Giorgio, Tirillini Bruno, Leporini Lidia. Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Activities and Protective Effects of Sideritis italica Extract on C2C12 Oxidative Stress. European Journal of Medicinal Plants. 2014 Apr; 4(4): 365-382.