Adverse Drug Reactions to Antifungals Used in the Management of COVID-19 Associated Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Mucormycosis
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Date
2022-07
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Abstract
Objectives: To determine the incidence and frequency of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to find out factors, if any contributing to the same, while also exploring the use of amphotericin B deoxycholate as a cheaper and safe alternative to liposomal amphotericin B. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional observational study, with a study population of 50 conducted over three months after ethics approval. All adult patients admitted to a tertiary care center, in a metropolitan city of Maharashtra, diagnosed with Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis, with a history of previous COVID-19 infection and receiving antifungals for the treatment of the same were included in the study. Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) ADR reporting forms were used to collect data. Results: Electrolyte disturbances mainly hypokalemia were the most frequently encountered ADR with both Amphotericin formulations (39/50; 20.31%) followed by pain at the injection site (33/50; 17.19%). Nephrotoxicity occurred slightly more frequently with Amphotericin B Deoxycholate (19/29; 65%), compared to Liposomal Amphotericin B (11/19; 57%), while Posaconazole was mainly associated with gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances and hepatotoxicity. Conclusion: Amphotericin B Deoxycholate was associated most with ADRs, hypokalemia, and pain at the injection site being the most frequent. However, concerning nephrotoxicity, both Amphotericin formulations showed only a modest difference. Posaconazole was associated with the least number of ADRs and had a favorable safety profile.
Description
Keywords
Systemic antifungals, CAM, Adverse effects, Nephrotoxicity, COVID-19, Epidemic, Amphotericin B Deoxycholate, Posaconazole, Liposomal Amphotericin B
Citation
Tiwari S, Vakil Z.. Adverse Drug Reactions to Antifungals Used in the Management of COVID-19 Associated Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Mucormycosis. Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics. 2022 Jul; 13(2): 197–202