Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities and GC-MS Analysis of Phytocomponents of Methanolic Extract of Curculigo pilosa (Schum and Thonn) Engl. (Hypoxidaceae) Rhizomes.
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Date
2014-06
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Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of crude methanol
extract of Curculigo pilosa (Schum and Thonn) Engl. (Hypoxidaceae) rhizomes and its
solvent soluble fractions and to analyze the most active fraction by Gas Chromatography
Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) technique.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemistry and Department of Microbiology,
School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
in June, 2012.
Methodology: Shade air-dried powder of Curculigo pilosa rhizomes was extracted with
methanol by Soxhlet extraction. Crude methanol extract of Curculigo pilosa root (CCPM)
and the solvent soluble fractions namely: n-hexane (CPH), chloroform (CPC), ethylacetate
(CPE), n-butanol (CPB) and residue (CPM) were obtained. Phytochemical constituents of
the most active fraction (methanol residue) of Curculigo pilosa rhizomes were determined
using GC-MS technique.
Results: The antimicrobial activity of some solvent fractions tested except n-hexane fraction appears to be promising with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) ranging
from 0.09–6.25 mg/mL. However, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions showed
antibacterial activity against highest number of bacterial strains. The results revealed that
methanolic residue was more potent than derived fractions. Cytotoxicity assay results
indicated weak cytotoxic activity of the crude C. pilosa methanol root extract as displayed
by its LC50 (764.07μg/mL). The qualitative phytochemical evaluation indicates the
presence of chemical constituents such as flavonoids, terpenoid, saponins, tannins,
alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, steroid and anthraquinone. The quantitative analysis of its
metabolites depicts alkaloids (12.80±0.49), saponins (54.49±0.33), flavonoids
(44.88±0.36), tannins (69.49±0.65), phenols (50.40±0.34), oxalates (10.95±0.63),
cyanides (44.87±0.70) and phytate (15.00±0.05). The major phytocomponents identified
by GC-MS analysis in the combined fractions of C. pilosa methanolic residue indicated
that there were different types of high and low molecular weight compounds. In particular,
it revealed the presence of 3-eicosyne (8.98%), pentadecanoic acid (2.41%)
hexadecanoic acid (31.18%), octadecanoic acid (1.52%) 9-octadecenoic acid (24.42%),
linoleic acid ethyl ester(3.93%), androstan-3-one (5.90%), 1-phenanthrenenmethanol
(5.78%), 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid (4.59%), hexanedioc acid (13.38%), 8,11-
octadecadienoic acid (9.02%), nonadecane (3.52%), ethanol-2, 2-oxybis (20.75%),
propane-1-(1-methylethoxy) (8.05%) and 2, 6,10-dodecatriene-1-ol (5.14%).
Conclusion: In this study, some of the phytocompounds identified are biologically
important and may have contributed to the observed antimicrobial activity, hence their
therapeutic significance which may support the ethnomedicinal uses of C. pilosa in the
treatment of venereal diseases in humans.
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Keywords
Curculigo pilosa, cytotoxicity, GC-MS analysis, brine lethality bioassay, antimicrobial activity
Citation
Shaba Elijah Y, Mann Abdullahi, Yisa Jonathan. Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities and GC-MS Analysis of Phytocomponents of Methanolic Extract of Curculigo pilosa (Schum and Thonn) Engl. (Hypoxidaceae) Rhizomes. British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2014 June; 4(12): 1552-1567.