Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research

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https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/151199

ISSN: 2456-8899

Frequency: Quarterly

Language: English

Open Access Peer-reviewed journal

Web site: https://www.journaljammr.com/index.php/JAMMR

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Relationship between Demographic, Clinical, Psychosocial Factors and Health-related Quality of Life among Persons with Epilepsy in Zaria Northern Nigeria
(SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2020-05) Emmanuel, Uzodinma Iwuozo; Reginald, Onyeadumarakwe Obiako; Terhemen, Joseph Igbudu; Adesola, Ogunniyi
Introduction:Thereisagrowingglobalinterestontheeffectofepilepsyonthesubjectivehealth-relatedqualityoflife(HRQoL)ofthesufferers.Severaldemographic,clinical,andpsychosocialfactorshavebeenattributedascontributorytothepoorHRQoLinpatients(persons)withepilepsy(PWE).Aim:Thisstudyevaluatedtherelationshipbetweendemographic,clinicalandpsychosocialcharacteristicsofPWEandtheirHRQoL StudyDesign:Across-sectionalstudy.PlaceandDurationofStudy:StudycarriedoutatNeurologyclinicofAhmaduBelloUniversityTeachingHospitalKadunaState,NigeriafromSeptember2013toDecember2014.Methodology:ConsecutivelypresentingPWEonfollow-upforatleast1year,18yearsandabovewererecruitedafterobtainingethicalapprovalandinformedconsent.StructuredquestionnaireandtheWorldHealthOrganizationQualityof Life(WHOQOL-Bref)instrumentwereutilizedforthestudy.ThedatawasanalyzedusingSPSSversion17withp-valuesetatlessthan0.05.Results:Theparticipantswereonehundredwithmedianageof29years.ThefactorsfoundtohavesignificantrelationshipwithHRQoLweredemographicvariableslikemaritalstatus(F=3.250,p=0.025)andmonthlyincome(t=-2.883;p=0.005);psychosocialfactorslikepresenceofperceivedstigmaordiscrimination(χ2=2.427,p=0.017),presenceofdepressivesymptomintheprecedingmonth(χ2=3.164,p=0.002)andavailabilityofsocialsupport(χ2=3.328,P=0.001).TherewasnosignificantrelationshipfoundbetweenclinicalfactorsandHRQoLofPWE(p>0.05).Conclusion:Thedemographicfactors(maritalstatusandmonthlyincome)andpsychosocialfactors(stigma,depressionandsocialsupport)hadasignificantrelationshipwithHRQoLinPWE.Thereisaneedtoofferevidence-basedandfocusedcaretothesufferersofthisillness
Molecular Detection of Mycological Content in Ready to Eat Garri in Bayelsa State
(SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2020-05) Tolulope, Alade; Itodo, Sunday Ewaoche; Oluwayemisi, Agnes Olorode; Deborah, Levi
Background and Objective: Garri is a powdery carbohydrate-based food material of cassava root tubers (Manihot esculenta Crantz) consumed predominantly in West African countries. It can be processed with palm oil rich in carotenoid (Light-yellow) or without palm oil (Creamy-white). In Nigeria, garri is widely acceptable and consumed by both the poor, the middle men or average Nigerian, and also the rich because it serves as a major source of carbohydrate.The study aimed at detecting fungal strains that produce mycotoxins in garri sourced from Southern Ijaw Local Government Area of Bayelsa State.Materials and Methods:A total number of fifty freshly prepared and market displayed-garri samples were collected and processed using standard mycological techniques and Polymerase Chain Reaction from the 23 villages that constitute the LGA.Results:Results showed that the moulds isolated in yellow garri samples in this study were; Aspergillus spp9(37.50%),Cladosporiumspp 5(20.83%),Fusarium spp4(16.67%),Penicillus spp3(12.50%),Rhizopus spp2(8.30%) and Mucor spp1(4.17%),while those isolated in the white garri samples were; Aspergillus spp 6(25%), Penicilliumspp 8(33.3%), Cladosporium spp 4(16.7%), Rhizopus spp 2(8.3%),Mucor spp 1(4.1%), Alternaria spp 2(8.3%) and Fusarium spp 1(4.1%) with predominance of Penicilliumand Asperigellus species. Twenty samples subjected to molecular analysis to determine the Internal Transcribed Spacerregion (ITS) and characterization of the fungal strains were all positive (100%).Conclusion:Fungal contamination on garri mostly results from unhealthy post-processing activity basically from poor packaging and storage. Mycotoxins from fungal strains have serious health implications on humans therefore it is paramount that proper packaging and storage of this product is publicized to reduce its mycological contamination.
Dynamics of Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen Level with Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Chronic Hepatitis B Infection
(SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2020-05) Hudu, Shuaibu Abdullahi; Saadatu, Haruna Shinkafi; Umar, Shuaibu; Makun, Babazhitsu
Background:Peripheral blood mononuclear cells containing an aggregate of immune competent cells,such as T lymphocytes, B cells and natural killer cells, play an important role in control or persistence of the hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection. Similarly, the expression of hepatitis B viral antigens on the surface of infected hepatocytes can invoke a cytotoxic T–cell response.Objective:To investigate the dynamic changes in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and peripheral lymphocyte subsets of healthy donors and chronic hepatitis B patients. Methodology:Serum HBsAg was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assayaccording to the manufacturer’s guidelines. Peripheral blood lymphocyte cell phenotyping was carried out by flow cytometry for all chronic hepatitis B patients and healthy blood donors Results:The results of this study showed a significant correlation between HBsAg level and percentage of T and NK cells (r=0.366; P=0.01, r=-0.462; P=0.01,respectively). On the other hand, significance variation in peripheral blood lymphocyte percentage of T lymphocyte subsets in patients were found to be directly proportional to T cell subsets CD4+and CD8+ (P=0.001)compared with healthy blood donor controls. Conclusion:In conclusion this study highlighted the role of the HBsAg level in supressing the immune cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. Understanding the interactions between HBsAg and peripheral blood cells serves as a basis for development of HBV therapeutic vaccines and a prognostic biomarker in persistent HBV infection
Relationship between Glycosylated Haemoglobin Levels and Perinatal Outcome among Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
(SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2020-05) Elizabeth, Chioma Ezeaku; Alegbeleye, Justina Omoikhefe; Bassey, Goddy
Background:Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a global health challenge and is known to affect pregnancy adversely. Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level reflect long term glycaemiccontrol and is a more accurate measure than Fasting Plasma Glucose and post prandial plasma glucose level.Aims and Objectives:To determine the levels of HbA1c, perinatal outcomes and the relationship between maternal HbA1c level and perinatal outcomes in women with GDM at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital.Materials and Methods: This was a longitudinal study of 80 pregnant women from 36 weeks of gestation with GDM attending the antenatal clinic of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH). Blood samples from all consenting pregnant women were collected and sent to the Chemical Pathology laboratory to determine the HbA1c level. The blood samples from the babies were also sent to determine the random plasma glucose (RPG) level. A structured proforma was used to obtain socio-demographic characteristics and other information. Data collected was analyzed with SPSS version 22.0.Results:The mean age of the women was 32.58 ± 4.95 years. A total of 57 (71.3%) women with GDM had elevated HbA1c levels (≥ 6.5%). Fetal macrosomia occurred in 17.5%, while 8.8% had birth asphyxia. The perinatal mortality ratio was 1.3%. There was a statistically significant relationship between HbA1c levels and neonatal hypoglycemia and perinatal mortality(p <0.05). Conclusion: Despite the higher proportions of adverse perinatal outcomes occurring among those with elevated HbA1c levels, onlyneonatal hypoglycemia and perinatal mortality were significantly associated with elevated HbA1c
Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Dehydration among Pregnant Women in Southern Nigeria
(SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2020-05) Ekpenyong, Christopher E.; Udokang, Nsikak E.; Inyang, Comfort A.
Background:Despite available evidences that pregnant women are specific vulnerable target population for dehydration and the importance of adequate hydration to both the mother and the developing fetus, studies assessing the prevalence and associated risk factors of dehydration among pregnant women are limited.Aim:The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of dehydration among pregnant women in Uyo metropolis, Southern Nigeria. Methods:A total of 316 pregnant women from selected obstetric centers in Uyo Metropolis met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated for socio-demographics, lifestyle-related behaviors and urinary specific gravity using standard instruments. Mean values were calculated and used for the determination of the hydration status of the participants. Univariate analysis was used to assess the relationship between socio-demographic variables and lifestyle related behaviours and prevalence of dehydration. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval for factors associated with dehydration in pregnancy Results:About 14.6% of the pregnant women were dehydrated, and factors associated with high prevalence of dehydration were age between 26 and 35 years, being married, urban residence, acquiring a tertiary education and income between 20,000 and 50,000 naira. Others were, null-parity, third trimester of pregnancy, physically active, poor dietary habits, alcohol consumption, inadequate water intake and short sleep duration. Inadequate water intake (1-2 cups of water) (OR=6.10,C.I=2.029-18.360) or 5-7cups of water(OR=4.04,C.I=1.385-11.785), consumption of mostly high carbohydrate diets (OR=3.55,C.I=1.003-12577), consumption of mostly high protein diets (OR=3.25,C.I=1.893-11.844) and craving for strange foods(OR=3.71, C.I=1.563-8.81) significantly increased the odds for dehydration among the participants.Conclusion:Demographic, obstetric and lifestyle-related factors drive the high prevalence of dehydration among pregnant women and should be considered in designing intervention programs to prevent dehydration among pregnant women in our communities
Hospital-acquired Sphingomonas paucimobilis Infection in a Neonate: A Case Report
(SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2020-05) Osuji, Ahaneku Iherue; Imaji, Jennifer Eneyi; Olateju, Eyinade Kudirat; Ekele, Bissallah Ahmed; Baamlong, Nicholas; Tahiru, Yunusa
Introduction: The organism Sphingom on as paucimobilis formerly known as Pseudomonas paucimobilis is a strict aerobe, motile, non-sporeforming, non-fermentative, Gram-negativebacillus,characterizedbycatalaseandoxidaseactivities.Itisanopportunisticpathogenthatcausesinfectioninhealthyandimmunocompromisedindividuals.Sphingomonaspaucimobilisisubiquitousandhasbeenisolatedfromdiversesourcesincludingthehospitalenvironment.
Overview of the Management of COVID-19 Efficacy and Doubts
(SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2020-05) Ayodeji, O. A.; Stanley, C. N.; Stanley, P. C.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is defined as an illness caused by a novel coronavirus now called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2. It was first identified during an outbreak of respiratory illness cases in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China.Management of COVID-19 is still unspecific as there are no vaccine orspecific antiviral drugs areavailable for its treatment. This paper reviewsthemanagement efficacy and doubt of COVID-19.Methods: A comprehensive search from relevant literatures, World Health Organization (W.H.O), Centre for Disease Control and prevention (CDC) official websites and announcements was performed between 1 March2020 to 10:30 am 22 April 2020 (Nigerian time). A latest summary of 2019-nCoV and the current outbreak was drawn.Conclusion: The covid-19 pandemic is spreading rapidly and several researchers are making efforts to discover drugs for its treatment. Chloroquine phosphate, vaccines and other forms of management strategies have been employed. However, preventive measureslike social distancing, washing of handswith soap and water, wearing of face masks and psychosocial treatment should be adopted while waiting for pharmacological treatments.
Association between Demographic Profile, Type of School and Dental Appearance Affecting Choice of Spouse among Undergraduates in Enugu, Nigeria
(SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2020-05) Okeke, Azubuike C.; Onyejaka, Nneka K.; Folaranmi, Nkiruka
Background:Aspects of life such as social interactions and choice of partners can be influenced by human appearance. This study identified the effect of dental appearance on the choice of spouse among undergraduate students in Enugu.Study Design:This was a descriptive cross sectional study.Place and Duration of Study:The study was at Federal College of Dental Technology and Therapy and Institute of Management and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria. The study lasted for 3 months.Methodology:402 final year students were recruited for the study but 4(1.0%) submitted incompletely filled questionnaires while 398(99.0%) submitted completely filled questionnaires.The mean age was 22.0± 2.24 years. More females 235(59.0%) than males 163(41.0%) participated in the study. Many were attending dental school 253(63.6%) while 145(36.4%) were attending non dental schools. All 379(95.2%) students who wished to get married believed that dental appearance can influence the choice of spouse. There was significant association between sex (P<0.001) and wish to get married and type of school (P=0.001) and dental appearance affecting choice of spouse.Conclusion:Many of the study participants wished to get married. Those attending dental school will consider dental appearance when making choice of a spouse and scattered teeth will affect the choice of spouse most negatively
The Bombay Blood Group: How Rare is It? A Case Report and a Review of the Literature
(SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2020-05) Ekanem, Emmanuel; Poozhikalayil, Santosh; Sinha, Anita
The Bombay blood group is a rare type of blood group which is very distinct from the ABO system and was first discovered in India about five decades ago. This blood group describes individuals who lack the H antigen and thus present with the anti H antibodies in addition to anti A and anti B antibodies. Bombay blood group is sometimes mistaken for blood group O. Thesignificance of this blood group is in its ability to potentially cause fatal blood transfusionreaction and haemolytic disease of the foetus and the neonate. Aim:This case report aims to elucidate the rare occurrence of the Bombay blood group. Methods:We describe a case report of the pregnancy, labour and delivery of a multiparous Indian woman with the Bombay blood groupin her second pregnancy. Results: The index case had an uneventful pregnancy, labour and delivery without the need for blood transfusion. The neonate was Rhesus D positive and did not have any complications. Conclusion:Bombay blood group is a rare blood group which can lead to blood transfusion reactions and haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn. Pregnancy, labour and delivery should be managed in a unit with the availability of anti H blood to avoid foetal and maternal complications.
Histopathological Spectrum of Hysterectomy Specimens
(SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2020-05) Gupta, Anil Kumar; Gupta, Isha; Suri, Anil Kumar
Aims:Aim of this retrospective study, was to analyze the histopathological spectrum among women who have underwent hysterectomies at our institution. StudyDesign: Allhysterectomies were included in this study. Except 7 vaginal hysterectomies, all were abdomina lhysterectomies.Clinical history and other relevant data were obtained from the records of Department of Pathology of medical college hospital. Formal in fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin were examined and analysed for histopathological diagnosis.
Ultrasonogram in Acute Appendicitis, A Surgeon’s Perspective: Original Article
(SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2020-05) Verma, Amar; Chaudhary, Rajesh; Bharti, Ramesh; Sharma, Kulbhushan; Sharma, Rajesh; Sharma, Vikrant
Introduction: The diagnosis of acute appendicitis has essentially been clinical, but USG abdomen has been said to be highly accurate in diagnosing AA. The surgeon’s perspective may not always be the same. Materialsand methods: Appendectomy data of 106 patients from two hospitals of Kangra region was retrospectively analysed. The data was collected for age, sex, initial pre-operative diagnosis, USG findings, intra-operative findings, Histo-pathological examination (HPE) report, post operative hospital stay. Observations:It revealed a sensitivity of about 54% and specificity of 100% for diagnosing AA with the help of USG abdomen. AA was seen most commonly in males as compared to females. Mean age of presentation was 29.34 +/-14.4 years. Mean hospital stay was 3.68 +/-2.25 days. Most common initial preoperative diagnosis was AA (84%). Most common position of the appendix during surgery was retrocecal (53.7%). HPE report revealed AA in 105 patients. Conclusion:USG abdomen is often falsely assuring, leading to unnecessary delay in effectively managing a patient of AA further leading to increased complications. Only the clinically equivocal cases require further radiological investigations where CECT abdomen is the preferred investigation, but it should be used judiciously.
Spectrum of Disease Conditions Seen at the Gastroenterology Clinic of a Tertiary Health Facility in South-Western Nigeria
(SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2020-05) Oguntoye, Oluwatosin Oluwagbenga; Musah, Yusuf; Paul, Olowoyo; Osisiogu, Soje Michael; Oguntoye, Oluwafunmilayo Adenike; Oguntade, Hameed Banjo; Ariyo, Olumuyiwa Elijah; Atolani, Segun Alex; Talabi, Olukayode Abiola; Ogunmola, Toba Osiron
Background:Globally, gastrointestinal medical conditions are common and a considerable number of patients will require specialist consultation for the diagnosis, management and follow-up care.Aim:To determine the spectrum of disease conditions seen at the Gastroenterology clinic of Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti in south-western Nigeria. Methods:This was a retrospective cohort study of all patients who attended the Gastroenterology clinic between January 2015 and December 2019 (a period of 5 years). The Age, Gender and Diagnosis were obtained from the Clinic Register. A total of 679 patients attended the clinic over the period and they were all recruited into the study. The data obtained was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Descriptive statistics used included frequency tables, means and standard deviations. Results:A total number of 679 patients attended the Gastroenterology clinic duringthe period under review out of which 353 (52.0%) were males and 326 (48.0%) were females with a male to female ratio of 1.08 to 1. The age range of the patients was 10 to 93 years with a mean(±SD) of 43.8(±16.32) and median of 40.0 years. The commonestmedical condition seen at our clinic was Chronic Hepatitis B viral infection (38.1%), followed by Acid Peptic Disorders (27.0%), Liver cirrhosis (5.2%), Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (5.0%) and Hepatocellular carcinoma (4.1%). Hepatocellular carcinomawas the commonest malignancy seen at our clinic followed by Gastric cancer (2.5%), Colorectal cancer (1.9%) and Cholangiocarcinoma (0.7%). Pancreatic cancer and Oesophageal cancer were seen at our clinic at the same frequency (0.6% each). Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, Achalasia and Irritable Bowel Syndrome were the least frequently seen (0.1% each) medical conditions at our clinic. Acute Hepatitis B viral infection constituted 2.9% while Chronic Hepatitis C viral infection constituted 2.4% of the cases seen. The other medical conditions seen at our clinic include Alcoholic Liver Disease (2.4%), Abdominal Tuberculosis (0.7%), Toxin-induced Hepatitis (0.6%), Haemorrhoids (0.6%), Ulcerative Colitis (0.4%) and Diverticular Disease (0.3%). Conclusion:The commonest medical condition seen at our Gastroenterology clinic was Chronic Hepatitis B virus infection followed by Acid Peptic Disorders both of which are largely preventable and the commonest malignancy seen at our clinic was Hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis B virus infection is highly prevalent in our environment and it is a risk factor for chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Efforts must be enhanced by all stakeholders to curb the spread of this virus and thereby limit its sequelae.
To Determine the Effect of Sleep on Anxiety, Depression and Its Correlation with Academic Performance in First M.B.B.S Students
(SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2020-05) Belsare, Vinita H.; Munghate, Sarika C.; Agrawal, Sanjay; Belsare, Hrishikesh
Introduction:Sleep deprivation causes serious health hazards. Anxiety and depression are common correlates found. There had been direct correlation with sleep quality and academic performances. Objectives:To determine the effect of sleep on the mental health i.e. anxiety and depression amongthe firstyear medical students and also to see the effect of sleep, anxiety and depression on academic performance Methods:A cross sectional study was conducted atMedical college, Questionnaire was asked regarding the time to fall asleep and duration of sleep.Hamilton’s anxiety scale and Hamilton’s depression scale was applied to the study group. Results: Mild anxiety (83%) is common than the depression (20%) in study group which may be the result of academic stress. Thestudy also demonstrate severity of anxiety and depression goes hand in hand. The result also shows,depression and anxiety have indirect relationships with the duration of sleep that is as sleep hours decreases the anxiety, and depression score increases. The anxiety and the depression score werehigher in the students who’stiming to sleep was after midnight, but the difference was not statistically significant as compared to the students who’stiming to sleep was before midnight. The study finding related to sleep and the academic score was not significant. Conclusion: Bed time may not affect the mental health but the duration of sleep is important to reduce the level of anxiety and depression. Duration of sleep may not affect the academic performance, but sound and adequate sleep is important for the mental health which may ultimately affect the academic performance
Biological and Comorbidity as Risk Factors for COVID 19 High Morbidity and Mortality among the Aged Population and Its Implications for Public Health Education and Research in Ghana
(SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2020-05) Albert, Opoku; Antwi, Joseph Sarfo; Yiadom, Abdul Karim Boakye; Danso, Joana Owusu; Twene, Prince
Introduction:The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been found to be the cause of this current pandemic of corona virusinfection (COVID 19), (World Health Organization (WHO) 2020). It is of interest to note that Wuhan, which is located in the Hubei province of China, was the first community within which this outbreak was first identified in December 2019. There is high morbidity and mortality among the elderly patients with COVID-19 than the young and middle-aged patients. Again, most of the morbidity and mortality have comorbid conditions (presence of more than one disease in one person) from 1 to 3 in addition to COVID 19 and most of these conditions are age related.Objective:The aim of this work is to describe changes in biological processes in aged population in relation to the presence of a possible comorbidity vis-à-vis COVID 19. To review publications and other studies associated with biological changes in the ageing process as well as identifying some specific comorbidity among the aged. To develop an appropriate health educational programs to protect the aged population on COVID 19. To develop an educational strategy on COVID 19 for the aged and the general public.Methodology:The LILACS-BIREME, SCIELO, PUBMED, ACADEMIA, SCIENCE DOMAIN databases and some textbooks were consulted for the study. Scientific papers published English between January and March, 2020 on the subject of COVID 19 among the aged were selected for inclusion. A total 65 of studies published between January 1st, 2020 to March 30th, 2020 and some textbooks on Anatomy and Physiology were identified and evaluated. Twenty-seven (27) articles meeting the inclusion criterion (COVID 19 among the aged) were selected for this review. Finally, an analysis was conducted and the papers were assessed in agreement with the study objectives. Results andDiscussion:The studies reviewed discovered a high prevalence and mortality of COVID 19 among the aged with comorbidity due to deterioration in ageing process in Respiratory and the Immune systems. Conclusion:It is recommended that some further research be done locally on COVID 19 to increase the knowledge on this subject in Ghana. It is also recommended that an appropriate health educational strategy be developed to create awareness among the aged.
A Clinical and Preliminary Study for Anti-angiogenesis Therapy: Endostatin, VEGF and Microvessel Density in the OSCC in Different Stages and Differentiations
(SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2020-02) He, Hong; Wang, Jiaqin; Deng, Xiaotong; Zhao, Danping
Aims: This study was to analyze the association among ES, VEGF,Microvessel Density (MVD),clinicopathologic characteristics, angiogenesis and prognosis of OSCC. Methods: Eight normal samples of oral epithelia and 52 Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) samples were analyzed by immunohistochemical evaluation to study the expression and significance of Endostatin (ES) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) during the development of OSCC. Results: Statisticallysignificant differences were found as p<0.05 between VEGF expressions and clinicopathologic stages of OSCC and as p<0.01 between VEGF expressions and lymph node metastases of OSCC. And Statisticallysignificant discrepancy was also found as p<0.05 between MVD and differentiation degrees and lymphnode metastases of OSCC, as well asp<0.01 between VEGF expressions andMVD. Additionally MVD increased gradually in accordance with the progression of the Cancer. While there was no obvious correlation between ES and VEGF, ES and MVD, as well as between ES and the development of OSCC. Conclusion:By MVD etal evaluation,VEGF is one of the major angiogenesis factors for angiogenesis and lymphonodemetastasis of oral carcinomas, as an important indicator for the development and malignancy of OSCC,while ES is of significance for anti-angiogenesis in tumor therapy
Colorectal Adenocarcinoma in East Africa: A Narrative Literature Review
(SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2020-04) Wismayer, Richard
This paper is a review of work done on colorectal adenocarcinomain East Africa showing geographic spread, age and sex ratios, clinical presentation, management and predominant histopathology. A steady increased incidence of CRC in East African countries is currently being documented however this is associated with a higher CRC-associated morbidity and mortality. Whilst the male: Female ratio varies between 1.2:1 to 1.88:1, up to 38% of CRC diagnosis are in patients younger than 40 years, in contrast to only 1.9% of CRC patients in Western developed countries such as the USA. Generally rectal carcinoma is more common than colon carcinoma and abdomino-perineal resections are commonly performed in up to between 54% -71% due to the advanced stage of presentation of rectal tumours in East Africa. The late stage presentationand delayed effective treatment in East Africa may result in a higher morbidity in CRC patients. Interestingly there is a significant incidence of mucinous adenocarcinoma sub-groups compared to Western developed countries which carry a poor prognosis. A significant proportion of CRC patients have been found to have histological and demographic features which suggest that MSI-tumours and these tumours are more common in younger patients. However only a few authors have looked at the possibility of mismatch repair mutations in the genetic aetiopathogenesis of colorectal adenocarcinoma in East Africa.
Correlation of Quick SOFA Score and Procalcitonin with Mortality in the Emergency Department
(SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2020-05) Bhatia, Mandip Singh; Attri, Ritu; Kant, Kumar Rajni; Sharda, Saurabh C.
Introduction:Sepsis is defined as life threatening organ dysfunction caused by the dysregulated host response to infection with high mortality. Methods:We studied 2031 patients presenting to an emergency department with fever or suspected infection to find the correlation between q SOFA SCORE and procalcitonin level swith mortality.
Metabolic Risk Factors and Outcomes in Acute Coronary Syndrome
(SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2020-02) Attri, Ritu; Kaur, Harsimran; Sibia, Raminderpal Singh; Bhatia, Mandip Singh
Introduction:CAD is the most common cause of mortality in India. It is a common multifarious public health crisis today and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in both developing and developed countries. Hence, understanding the predominant risk factors among the Indian population is important.Materials and Methods:This was a hospital based age and sex matched case control study, carried out at Government Medical College and Rajindra Hospital Patiala.A total of 100 patients ofAcute coronary syndrome were studied. Patients and controls were enquired about the presence of cardiometabolic risk factors and the significance of association of these risk factors with the occurrence of Acute coronary syndrome was given by p value of <0.05.Results: Majority of the cases were in the age group 61-70 years (32%) with male to female ratio of 1.25:1. Significant association was found between ACS and risk factors like smoking, positive family history of IHD, hypertension,diabetes, dyslipidemia, waist hip ratio and body mass index Overall, most common outcome of ACS in the present study was NSTEMI (45%) followed by STEMI (35%) followed by Unstable angina (20%).Conclusion:Significant association was found between smoking and occurrence of STEMI and significant association was found between Hypertension and occurrence of NSTEMI
Additive Manufacturing: A 3-Dimensional Approach in Periodontics
(SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2020-05) Bhatnagar, Anurag; Bhardwaj, Amit; Verma, Shalu
Additive manufacturing technology or 3-dimensional printing has been used since ages in various fields including medical. Their addition to dentistry is recent and has tried to revolutionize the field. It is being used in various fields of dentistry like endodontics, prosthodontics, orthodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery and recently in periodontics and Implantology. With introduction of recent “layer-by-layer” additive technology, their use in periodontal field has changed its treatment planning. It is use in preparation of customized scaffold with or without stem cell therapy, ridge augmentation, sinus lift and guided implant surgery, implant fixtures, education models,drug technology and many more. This review has tried to explain the various applications of the additive manufacturing in the field of periodontics with recent evidences. This paper highlights the role of 3-dimensional printing which can change the future of periodontal management.
Hyphal Formation is Enhanced by 121°C Heat Inactivation of Serum Added to Culture Media
(SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2020-05) Hong, He; Xueting, Wang; Congcong, Li; Xiaotong, Deng; Yan, Fan; Jianxin, Han
Background: A novel method for inducing hyphae formation, was described.Methods:Mycelia of experimental and clinical strains from 100 patients with oral lichen planuswere cultured in RPMI 1640 medium with 56°C or 121°C inactivated calf sera. After these strains were cultured for 2 h to 7 days, the average hyphae formation rate was observed under light microscopy. Results: The 121°C inactivated calf serum showed better outcomes than 56°C inactivated calf serum in terms of time and amounts of hyphae products. Conclusions:For Candida albicanshyphae culture, the 121°C inactivated serum is superior to the 56°C inactivated serum

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