Thai Journal of Physical Therapy
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Item PTAT-O-19 Tandem walking ability in Thai healthy women aged 20-79 years(Physical Therapy Association of Thailand, 2011-02-01) Sopa Pichaiyongwongdee; Faculty of Physical Therapy, Mahidol University; Arnupap Tanasakumpai; Faculty of Physical Therapy, Mahidol University; Pichaya Laumanomatee; Faculty of Physical Therapy, Mahidol University; Nuttapol Treesrisupa; Faculty of Physical Therapy, Mahidol UniversityPurpose:\ The purpose of this study is to compare the ability of tandem walk in Thai healthy women and to study the relationship between age and tandem walking performance. Participants: The 148 volunteers participated in this research are divided into 6 age groups i.e. 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69 and 70-79 years . Methods: The participants were assigned for tandem walking measurement along the straight line for total of 30 steps, counting the walking error and timing the walking time only in the middle 20 steps. Analysis: The difference between age groups was compared by One Way ANOVA and Scheffe Post hoc test was performed for multiple comparisons. Results: The walking error in the group of 20-29 and 30-39 years (2.26 +/-1.52, 2.76 +/- 2.77 times respectively) were significantly different(p\< 0.05) from the group of 60-69 and 70-79 years (6.63 +/- 4.45, 8.58ฑ4.84 times respectively). The tandem walking time in the group of 20-29 years (26.86 5.31 seconds) and 70-79 years (38.35ฑ9.08 seconds) are significantly different (p\< 0.05). Furthermore, this study found medium level correlation between aged and walking error (r =.477) significantly (p\<0.05), and low level correlation between age and tandem walking time ( r = .301) significantly (p\<0.05). Conclusions: The result of this study can be concluded that the tandem walking performance in 20-29 and 30-39 years are changed when the age are over 60 years and the balance performance during tandem walk declined with increasing age. Therefore the important of safe ambulation for elderly should be concerned especially when the age is over 60 years. Key words: Tandem walk, balance performance.Item Comparison of hamstrings to quadriceps ratio between female volleyball players(Physical Therapy Association of Thailand, 2011-02-01) Piyapa Keawutan; Thammasat University; Alongkorn Singsoon; Thammasat University; Walawee Piyasorn; Thammasat University; Rattapong Kaewpaitoon; Thammasat UniversityHamstrings to quadriceps ratio (H/Q ratio) used as an indication of muscle balance. Muscle imbalance is one of the risk factors for ACL injuries. Objective: To compare hamstrings and quadriceps muscles strength and H/Q ratio between female volleyball players and healthy females, and to compare H/Q ratio of female volleyball players to normal values. Methods: Concentric and eccentric muscle peak torque of hamstrings and quadriceps using the isokinetic machine at the angular velocities of 60o and 300o/s in both groups. H/Q ratio (Hcon/Qcon and Hecc/Qcon ratio) was then calculated. The independent sample t-test was used to compare muscle peak torque and H/Q ratio between groups. Furthermore, H/Q ratio of female volleyball players was compared with normal value. Results: Twenty healthy females and twelve female volleyball players (average aged 19.75+/-1.42 and 20.60 +/-1.39 years, and BMI 20.58+/-1.48 and 20.52+/-1.83 kg/m2, respectively) were included in this study. The results demonstrated that hamstrings and quadriceps concentric peak torque at 60o and 300o/s and Hcon/Qcon ratio at 300o/s in female volleyball players were significantly higher than healthy females (p \< 0.05). There were no significant differences (p \> 0.05) in hamstrings and quadriceps eccentric peak torque at 60o/s and 300o/s, and Hcon/Qcon ratio at 60o/s. The Hecc/Qcon ratio at 60o and 300o/s in female volleyball players was significantly less than healthy females (p \< 0.05). Comparison of H/Q ratio between female volleyball players and normal value at the same speed indicated that this group had H/Q ratio less than normal value. Thus, female volleyball players may be at greater risk of ACL injury. Conclusions: Although female volleyball players had significantly higher concentric peak toque compared to healthy females, Hcon/Qcon ratio at 60o/s in both groups was not significantly different. Female volleyball players had weaker hamstrings muscle than quadriceps muscle resulting in lower H/Q ratio than normal value. This indicated increased risk of ACL injury. Therefore, athlete should be trained both eccentric and concentric hamstrings muscle strengthening to prevent ACL injury.Item Effects of Up-and Downslope Walking on Mean and Variability of Gait Parameters in Elderly Women(Physical Therapy Association of Thailand, 2011-02-03) Sirinun Boripuntakul; Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University; Somporn Sungkarat; Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai UniversityBackground: It has been reported that inclinedand irregular walking surfaces are highly associated with falls among elderly persons. Nevertheless, only few studies have been directed towards the examination on how elders' walking patterns are modified during up-and downslope walking. Objective: To investigate the effects of up- and downslope walking on mean and variability of gait parameters in healthy elderly women. Method: Fifteen healthy elderly women with no history of fall walked on a treadmill at their preferred speed for 10 min in each testing condition. There were three testing conditions; 1) walked on level surface, 2) walk up 9o- slope and 3) walk down 9o- slope. Gait parameters and gait variability were captured using a 2-D motion analysis system then analyzed with a Silicon Coach program. Repeated measures ANOVA were conducted to determine the differences of each dependent variable among the three testing conditions. Results: Compared to the level surface, a significant increase in toe clearance and decrease in step length were observed in the 9o upslope walking condition. For the 9o downslope walking condition, a significant decrease in step length and maximal sole inclination were observed. Double-support time and gait variability were unchanged across the three testing conditions. Conclusion: Healthy, elderly women demonstrated a significant decrease in step length and increase in toe clearance while walking on the upslope surface. It was speculated that these changes reflected a cautious gait strategy the elders employed to ensure gait stability. Walking on the downslope surface resulted in a significant decrease step length and maximal sole inclination while other variables were unchanged. Stride length and stride time variability were relatively unchanged in the present study, suggesting efficiency of the neuromuscular control system in regulating gait and maintaining a steady walking pattern in healthy elders.Item The immediate and short term effects of Traditional Thai Massage on alteration of skin temperature and hand mobility in Scleroderma patients(Physical Therapy Association of Thailand, 2011-02-03) Kunavut Vannajak; Khon Kaen University; Yodchai Boonprakob; Khon Kaen University; Ratanavadee Nanagara; Khon Kaen University; Wichai Eungpinichpong; Khon Kaen UniversityThe purposes of this study were to prove theimmediate and sustained effects (10, 20, and 30minutes) of Traditional Thai Massage on alterationof hand temperature, and the immediate and shortterm (2 weeks follow-up) effects of Traditional ThaiMassage on alteration of hand mobility in patientswith scleroderma. Twenty volunteers participated inthis study and were divided into 2 groups. Theexperimental group (n=10) were treated by TraditionalThai Massage on the upper limbs for 30 min. (15min per limb). After the first treatment, participants inTTM group were treated by their relative every day during 2 weeks. The control group (n=10) rested insupine position for 15 min. Alteration of handtemperature was proven by Thermography, whereashand mobility was detected by Hand Mobility inScleroderma (HAMIS). The results showed that TTMgroup showed significant increasing of handtemperature (the immediate and sustained effects)when compared with the control group (pItem Wheelchair skills training for individual with spinal cord injury: a pilot study(Physical Therapy Association of Thailand, 2011-02-01) Surachai Tangsagulwatthana; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University; Narongrat Sawattikano; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University; Narongrat Sawattikano; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University; Apichana Kovindha; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University; Apichana Kovindha; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai UniversityObjectives:To study the effectiveness of a 5-day wheelchair skills training (WST) for paraplegic persons. Methods: Fourteen paraplegic persons (average age 29.36 years, 1 new case and 13 chronic cases) participated in the WST programme which consisted of watching a video of wheelchair skills and practicing wheelchair skills: indoor skills, community skills and advance skills Each person\’s wheelchair skills were assessed pre- and post-training by using the wheelchair skills version 3.2 (by Kirby et al, 2004). Paired t - test was used to analyse the effectiveness after training. Results: All partipants used a sport wheelchair except one using a standard wheelchair. Improvement in wheelchair skills after completion of the WST programme was significantly increased from 68.97%ฑ11.91 to 90.34%ฑ8.37 (p\< 0.001). There were 2 skills - ascending high curb (15cm) and negotiation obstacle 13 cm high, that all participants could not achieve. The only one person who used a standard wheelchair could not perform any advance wheelchair skills. Conclusion: The 5-day wheelchair skills training programme could improve wheelchair skills of paraplegic wheelchair users. Achievement seems to depend on types of wheelchair i.e., a sport wheelchair is preferable.Item PTAT-O-02 The immediate and short term effects of Traditional Thai Massage on alteration of skin temperature and hand mobility in Scleroderma patients(Physical Therapy Association of Thailand, 2011-02-03) Kunavut Vannajak; Khon Kean University; Yodchai Boonprakob; Khon Kean University; Ratanavadee Nanagara; Khon Kaen University; Wichai Eungpinichpong; Khon Kaen UniversityPurpose: The purposes of this study were to prove the effect of Traditional Thai on alteration of hand temperature: the immediate effect and short term effect at 10, 20 and 30 minutes and alteration of hand functions in 2 weeks continually in patients with scleroderma. Participants: Twenty patients withscleroderma were diagnosed by rheumatologist following The American college of Rheumatology criterion in diffuse subtype (dcSSc) of Scleroderma (Systemic sclerosis): the classification, subset and pathogenesis criterion. Disease progression was in phase 1-2. The modified Rodnan Skin score (MRSS) at dorsum of forearm, hand and 3rd finger is 0-2 (No hand deformity). Methods: Twenty volunteers participated in this study and were divided into 2 groups. The experimental group (n=10) were treated by Traditional Thai Massage on the upper limbs for 30 min. (15 min on eachside). The control group (n=10) rested in supine position for 30 min. Instrument: Alteration of hand temperature was proven by Thermography, whereas hand function was detected by Hand Mobility in Scleroderma (HAMIS). Analysis: Mean of temperature change in time interval was test by One way repeated measure ANOVA and Median of hand mobility change in time interval was test by Friedman Test Results: The results showed that Traditional Thai Massage group showed significant hand temperature increasing every time period when compared with the control group (p \< 0.05).Hand functions in the Traditional Thai Massage group also showed significant improvement every time period (pItem Comparison of immediate effects between single manipulation and single mobilization directed at the thoracic spine in chronic mechanical neck pain(Physical Therapy Association of Thailand, 2011-02-03) Thavatchai Suvarnnato; Physical Therapy Program, Graduate School, Khon Kean University; Rungthip Puntumethakul; Back, Neck and Other Joint Pain Research Group, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kean University; Yodchai Boonphakop; Back, Neck and Other Joint Pain Research Group, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kean University; Suphaporn Phadungkit; Back, Neck and Other Joint Pain Research Group, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kean University; Preeda Arayawichanon; Back, Neck and Other Joint Pain Research Group, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kean UniversityMechanical neck pain is a most common disorder in general population, especially in the working age group. Due to the economic expense caused by mechanical neck pain is extremely high. Recent studies have shown that either performing thoracic spine manipulation or mobilization on mechanical neck pain patients resulted in immediate improvements in symptoms, however no any study has exactly compared effectiveness between thoracic spine manipulation and mobilization on mechanical neck pain yet. The main purpose of this study was to compare immediate effects of single manipulation and single mobilization directed at the thoracic spine in patients with chronic mechanical neck pain. Twenty four subjects with chronic mechanical neck pain participated in this study. Subjects were randomly allocated into two groups; single thoracic manipulation and single thoracic mobilization. Each subject was measured cervical range of motion by a Cervical Range of Motion (CROM) device and assessed pain level by a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) immediately before and after treatment intervention. The results demonstrated that within-group, there was a significant increase range of motion in all directions after performing single thoracic manipulation (PItem Effect of cross training by eccentric isotonic knee extensor training at fast velocity on muscle performance of untrained leg in Thai male(Physical Therapy Association of Thailand, 2011-02-03) Chadapa Boonyoung; Mahidol University; Sopa Pichaiyongwongdee; Roongtiwa Vachalathiti; Mahidol UniversityPurpose: This study aim to investigate effect ofcross training by eccentric isotonic knee extensortraining at fast velocity on muscle performance ofuntrained leg in Thai males. Participants: Twentyhealthy males aged 19.80 ± 0.83 years participated in this study. They were divided into two groups; training (TG) and control (CG) groups (n=10 each). Methods: The TG trained unilateral eccentric isotonic exercise of right leg 3 times/week for 6 weeks on Biodex system 4 pro at velocity of 180o /s. The CG received no exercise except strength testing of both legs. Concentric isokinetic peak torque (CPT) and eccentric isokinetic peak torque (EPT) of knee extensor muscle of both legs was tested at pre and post training period. Analysis: CPT and EPT were analyzed using a group (CG, TG)×leg (trained, untrained×time (pre, post) multivariate analysis. When there were multivariate significances, the two-way mixed ANOVA was used and then the Bonferroni’s test was used for the post hoc analysis. The change of CPT and EPT between pre and post training were analyzed using a group (CG, TG)×leg (trained, untrained) multivariate analysis. When there were multivariate significances, the unpaired t-test was used. Results: There were not significant differences in CPT and EPT between trained and untrained legs in both groups and both times. At pre-training period, there were significant differences in EPT of trained leg between CG and TG (p=0.024) (113.09 ± 23.97 and 90.16 ± 28.71 Nm, respectively). After 6 weeks of training, EPT of TG in both trained and untrained legs (135.44 ± 54.90 and 114.12 ± 36.19 Nm, respectively) were greater than in those of CG (62.13 ± 12.62 and 52.52 10.09 Nm, respectively) (p=0.001). The change of CPT only trained leg (44.93 ± 39.88 Nm) in TG was greater than CG (8.67 ± 17.32 Nm) (p=0.021) but the changes of EPT in both trained and untrained legs of TG (83.38 ± 57.16 and 65.50 ± 35.58 Nm, respectively) were greater than those of CG (-3.4 ± 10.41 and -4.69 ± 12.43 Nm, respectively) (p=0.001). In TG, there were significant differences in CPT and EPT between pre and post training in both trained (pItem Prevalence and factors associated with neck and shoulder pain in sewing occupation: a study at Banphai district Khon Kaen(Physical Therapy Association of Thailand, 2011-02-01) Nongluk Thotsathit; Physical Therapy Program Graduate School, Khon Kaen University; Rungthip Puntumetakul; Back, Neck and Other Joint Pain Research Group, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University; Wichai Eungpinichpong; Back, Neck and Other Joint Pain Research Group, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University; Punnee Peungsuwan; Back, Neck and Other Joint Pain Research Group, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen UniversityObjectives To determine the prevalence of neck and shoulder pain and to study the factors of neck and shoulder pain in term of work related and individual factors in sewing factory employees. Methods The cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out from a sewing factory in Banphai district Khon Kean province. Three hundred and ninety eight employees (69 males, and 329 females) of a clothes sewing factory average aged 20-39 years participated in the study. The data collected by self-administered questionnaire, a modified Standardized Nordic Questionnaire. Results The study found prevalence of neck pain during the 7 days, neck pain during the past 12 months, and neck pain with sickness absence were 23.6%, 20.9% and 13.6% respectively. In addition, we also found the prevalence of shoulder pain during the 7 days, during the past 12 months, and shoulder pain with sickness absence were 27.4%, 25.1% and 19.3% respectively. Factors which were significant related to neck and shoulder pain (p-value \< 0.05 ) included : past history of musculoskeletal pain and work with over force. Conclusion We conclude that the prevalence of neck pain and shoulder pain are relatively high in sewing factory workers and that greatly affects the quality of life, sickness absence and costly health. Sewing factory workers who had musculoskeletal pain and work with over force are factors associated with the neck and shoulder pain. It is suggested that program for prevention of neck and shoulder pain should be implemented the workers with the support from the employer and community health centers.Item The application of a physical therapy service with client-centered approach to community physical therapy(Physical Therapy Association of Thailand, 2011-02-03) Nomjit Nualnetr; Khon Kaen University; Siwaporn Pimpituk; Khon Kaen UniversityThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a 12-week physical therapy service with client centered approach on changes in pain level andsatisfaction of the service in 44 persons with backand/or shoulder pain (mean age 64.3±7.7 years) who lived in a community. Self-management to relieve pain was cooperatively designed between the participants and the investigator through a group meeting using the concept of client-centeredapproach. The results showed that the physicaltherapy service with client-centered approach coulddecrease pain level of the participants (p=0.005,paired t-test). The participants also expressedmoderate to high satisfaction of the service. Futurestudies with long-term and randomized controlledtrial design should consider ways to obtain a greater benefit of such physical service scheme.Item Reliability of height loss measuring stadiometer(Physical Therapy Association of Thailand, 2011-02-01) Jutarat Adirek-udomrat; Physical Therapy Program, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University; Rungthip Puntumetakul; Back, Neck and Other Joint Pain Research Group, Khon Kaen University; Wantana Siritaratiwat; Back, Neck and Other Joint Pain Research Group, Khon Kaen University; Rotsalai Kanlayanaphotporn; Physical Therapy Department, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn UniversityVertical spinal creep can be measured from height loss of the body which can be used as an index of spinal loading. This height loss can be assessed with a stadiometer that is a safe and highly reliable device. The firstly invented stadiometer in Thailand is called “height loss measuring stadiometer.” This study investigated the reliability of the height loss measuring stadiometer in sitting posture by examining the reliability of the digimetic indicator device and the reliability of the measurement. Subjects were 10 healthy participants (5 males, 5 females). Intraclass Correlation Coefficiency (ICC) and means of standard deviations (SDs) were calculated. The results showed very high reliability of the digimetic indicator (ICC 1,1 = 1.00) and high reliability of the height loss measuring stadiometer (ICC 3,1 = 0.96). Mean of standard deviations was 0.17 millimeter which was less than the generally acceptable value that should be less than 0.5 millimeter. We conclude that the currently invented height loss measuring stadiometer is a highly reliable device that can be used for investigating the vertical spinal creep or measuring the height loss of the body from spinal loading after several activities.Item Agreement in rating items of infant motor development test (IMDT) between physical therapy students and experienced physical therapists(Physical Therapy Association of Thailand, 2011-02-01) Saipin Prasertsukdee; Faculty of Physical Therapy, Mahidol University; Pathamaluk Thanapan; Faculty of Physical Therapy, Mahidol University; Thaneeya Boonplurn; Faculty of Physical Therapy, Mahidol University; Veeranut Jeenawat; Faculty of Physical Therapy, Mahidol UniversityThe purpose of the study was to examine item agreement of the infant motor development test (IMDT) between physical therapy students and experienced physical therapists. Three of the fourth year physical therapy students participated in the study. After training the test, they independently scored the test items by viewing the videos of 32 infants that were previously scored by five experienced physical therapists. The results were found that 9 of 25 test items had percentage of agreement acceptable (≥ 80%). While 11 of 19 eligible test items showed acceptable Kappa values ranging from fair to excellent (K ≥ 0.4). Additionally, 5 of 6 test times that could not calculated by Kappa statistics showed excellent percentage of agreement (88%-100%). For item agreement of the IMDT test between physical therapy students and experienced physical therapists, 12 of 25 test items had percentages of agreement acceptable. Only 9 of 20 eligible test items showed acceptable Kappa values ranging from fair to excellent. However, 5 test times that could not calculated by Kappa statistics showed excellent percentage of agreement (91%-100%). In conclusion, only 60% of test items showed acceptable agreement between physical therapy students and experienced physical therapy. Clarity of the test criteria and pediatric experience probably affect the reliability of the test. Therefore, to effectively score motor development by the IMDT test, proper training is recommended. Additionally, the test developer should consider some test items that are problematic for both physical therapy students and experienced physical therapists.