Journal of Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences University

Permanent URI for this collection

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/151354

Editor in Chief: Dr. Asha K. Pratinidhi
ISSN: 2231-4261

Frequency: Half yearly

Language: English

Open Access Peer-reviewed journal

Web site: https://www.jkimsu.com/index.html

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 234

Pre-Initiation Effect of Oleuropein towards Apoptotic and Oxidative Stress Levels on the Early Development of Two-Stage Skin Carcinogenesis.
(Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences University, 2019-01) John, Dayang Noor Suzliana; Mamat, Tengku Hasmira Tengku; Surien, Omchit; Taib, Izatus Shima; Masre, Siti Fathiah
Background: Oleuropein is a form of phenoliccompound which can be majorly found in the oliveleaves. Previous studies have shown several biologicalfunctions of oleuropein against different cancer cells.Aim and Objectives: This research was designed tostudy the pre-initiation effect of oleuropein on the earlyskin tumour development using a mouse model.Material and Methods: Female Institute of CancerResearch (ICR) mice (n=6 per group) were divided into2 groups (group 1 as a carcinogen control and group 2 asa vehicle control) and 1 treatment group (group 3: 10mg/kg of oleuropein). Results:After 10 weeks, Group 3showed delay in epidermal hyperplasia formation and asignificant reduction (p<0.05) in the epidermalthickness as compared to Group 1. Data were alsodisplayed a significant increase (p<0.05) in theapoptotic rate in Group 3 as compared to Group 1 and 2.For biochemical assays, the level of Malondialdehyde(MDA) was significantly (p<0.05) decreased whilst thelevels of Glutathione (GSH) and Superoxide Dismutase(SOD) were significantly (p<0.05) increased in Group 3as compared to Group 1. Conclusion: Our resultsindicate that pre-initiation treatment of oleuropein mayprevent skin tumour development through itsantioxidant and apoptotic activities.
Effect of Vitamin D during Orthodontic Tooth Movement on Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa-Β Ligand Expression and Osteoclast Number in Pregnant Wistar Rat (Rattus novergicus)
(Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences University, 2019-01) Narmada, Ida Bagus; Husodo, Kinanthi Rizka Dewi; Ardani, I Gusti Aju Wahju; Rahmawati, Dwi; Nugraha, Alexander Patera; Iskandar, Regina Purnama Dewi
Background: Female patients have the possibility tobecome pregnant during orthodontic treatment. VitaminD usually consumed by pregnant women. Estrogen andVitamin D could affect bone metabolism. Aim andObjectives: The aim of this study was to analyze theeffect of vitamin D during orthodontic movement inpregnant rats by Receptor Activator of Nuclear FactorKappa-Β Ligand (RANKL) expression and osteoclastnumber. Material and Methods: The experimentalobservational analytic study with post-test only controlgroup design and simple random sampling method wasconducted. 24-healthy-female Wistar rats were dividedinto 4 groups; K1: pregnant rats with orthodontic toothmovement and vitamin D on Day 7; K2: pregnant ratswith orthodontic tooth movement and vitamin D on Day14; K3: pregnant rats with orthodontic tooth movementwithout vitamin D on Day 7 and; K4: pregnant rats withorthodontic tooth movement without vitamin D on Day214. Nickle-Titanium coil spring with 10 g/mm forcewas placed between the incisors and the maxillarymolars. The RANKL expression and osteoclastsnumber were analyzed using Analysis of Variance(ANOVA) (p<0.05). Results: The highest osteoclastsnumber (8.494 ± 1.194), and RANKLexpression (7.967± 2.185) found in K1 group with significant betweengroups (p<0.05).Conclusions: Vitamin D increaseosteoclast number and RANKL expression duringorthodontic tooth movement in pregnant rats.
Sex Determination by Morphometry of Eyes
(Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences University, 2019-01) B, Senthil Kumar
Background: Facial anthropometrics are affected byvarious factors such as age, sex, ethnicity,socioeconomic status, environment and region. Theanthropometric analysis of face is essential forcraniofacial plastic and reconstructive surgeries. Aim &Objectives: The purpose of this study was to create abaseline data in determining the sex of the people fromIndia and Malaysia depending on morphometry of eyes.Material and Methods: A total of 100 Malaysians and100 South Indians were enrolled for the study. Variousmorphometric measurements of eyes were taken usingDigital Vernier caliper. The data were analyzed byindependent t test for comparison of sides and one wayANOVA to find out the significance among the sex andpopulations. Results:The height of upper and lower eyelid were higher in females as compared to that of maleswhereas depth of eyes and interpupillary distance werehigher in males than in females and thus sexualdimorphism exists. Fissure height and biocular widthwere more in Indian males when compared to Indianfemales. Fissure height and interocular width weremore in Malaysian female when compared to othergroups. Indian males and females differed significantlyin upper and lower eye lids height from Malaysianmales and females. All eye morphometric parametersexcept interpupillary distance were increased inMalaysians when compared to Indians thus ethnicvariations also exist. Conclusion: The facial aesthesis ishighly contributed by eye appearance and symmetry,facial rejuvenation by a plastic surgeon requiresmorphometric data of eye.
Effect of Mirtazapine Pre-treatment on Haloperidol, Ergometrine and Fluoxetine Induced Behaviours in Albino Rats.
(Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences University, 2019-01) Thorat, Vandana M.; Khanwelkar, Chitra C.; Matule, Somnath M.; Salve, Pratibha S.; Surle-Patil, Smita A.; Seshla, S.
Background: Central 5-HT and 5-HT serotonergic 2A 2Creceptors are mainly involved in the control ofnigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopaminergic neuronalactivity has been well proved and established. 5-HThas facilitatory effect on stimulated dopamine releaseby stimulating central 5-HT receptors and inhibitory 2Aeffect by stimulating 5-HT receptors. Aim and 2CObjectives: To evaluate 5-HT and 5-HT receptor 2A 2Cblocking activity of Mirtazapine (MIR) and the effectof mirtazapine pre-treatment on Ergometrine (ERG)induced behaviours, Fluoxetine (FLU) induced penileerections and Haloperidol (HAL) induced catalepsy inrats. Material and Methods: Each group wassubdivided into different subgroups consisting 6animals in each. Control group received DimethylSulfoxide (DMSO) and other groups received differentdoses of mirtazapine one hour before ERG/FLU/HAL.Values obtained from control group were comparedwith all remaining groups pre-treatment with differentdoses of MIR. Results: MIR (MIR) at 2.5, 5, 10 and 20mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p) did not produce any per seeffects. Pre-treatment with 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg i.p. MIRsignificantly antagonised ERG induced behaviours. 5mg/kg i.p. MIR significantly antagonised whereas 10and 20 mg/kg i.p. MIR abolished FLU (10 mg/kg)induced penile erections in rats. MIR 5 and 20 mg/kgi.p. significantly antagonised HAL (1mg/kg) inducedcatalepsy at 1 hr testing time interval while 10 and 20mg/kg MIR significantly antagonised HAL (1 mg/kg)induced catalepsy at 2 hr testing time interval.Conclusion: Our results indicate that MIR at 5, 10 and20 mg/kg possesses 5-HT and 5-HT receptors 2A 2Cblocking activity. At 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg MIR, byblocking central 5-HT receptors predominantly, 2Ccauses release of dopamine from nigrostriataldopaminergic neurons and therefore antagonizes HALinduced catalepsy
An Unusal Presentation of Follicular Carcinoma of Thyroid
(Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences University, 2019-01) Balasubramaniam, Seema R.; Pawar, Vishrabdha R.
Although the incidence of thyroid carcinoma hasincreased in recent years, metastatic spread to the skullis rare. Here we report a case of an occult follicularthyroid carcinoma. A 65 year old female patientpresented with a large swelling of 20 × 20 cm over thefrontal and parietal regions for 2 years. MagneticResoning Imaging (MRI) showed well definedlobulated mass in bilateral frontal and parietal regionswith cystic and solid components. Incisional biopsy ofthe mass was done and was reported as metastaticfollicular carcinoma with transformation to anaplasticvariant. In view of this report the patient underwenttotal thyroidectomy, the biopsy report confirmed thediagnosis of follicular carcinoma. Surgery is the maintreatment for resectable metastatic differentiated131 thyroid carcinoma, followed by I ablation andthyroid stimulating hormone suppression withlevothyroxine
Tissue Specific Effects of Chronic Sustained Hypoxia on Oxidative Stress: Role of Cilnidipine, a Dual L/N Type Calcium Channel Blocker.
(Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences University, 2019-01) Bagali, Shrilaxmi; Naikwadi, Akram; Das, Kusal K.
Background: Blood flow, metabolic rate and oxygenrequirements of an organ guide the extent of oxidativestress experienced by any tissue in response to chronichypoxia. Currently cilnidipine is used in themanagement of hypertension and its antioxidant actionsare gaining wide interest. Aim and Objectives: Toevaluate the tissue specific effects of chronic sustainedhypoxia with regards to oxidative stress in the contextof cilnidipine. Material and Methods: Twenty fouradult male Wistar strain albino rats were randomlyassigned into four groups: group 1, control, normoxia(21% O ); group 2, chronic hypoxia (CH) (10% O ) for 2 221 days; group 3, normoxia + cilnidipine (Cil) for 21days; group 4, chronic hypoxia + cilnidipine (CH+Cil)for 21 days. Following 21 days of intervention bloodwas collected and animals were sacrificed and liver,lung and heart were collected. Serum MDA and MDAin tissue homogenate of liver, lung and heart wereestimated. Results: Our results demonstrate theelevated serum MDAlevels in chronic hypoxia exposedrats (group 2). We also observed increased MDAin liverfollowed by lung and least in the heart in chronichypoxia exposed rats (group 2). Treatment withcilnidipine reduced serum MDA and heart MDA levelsin cilnidipine treated chronic hypoxia exposed rats(group 4). However cilnidipine did not have anyinfluence on MDA levels in the liver and lung in samegroup of rats. Conclusion: The results demonstratetissue specific effects of chronic sustained hypoxia withthe highest oxidative stress observed in the liverfollowed by the lung. Although oxidative stress is alsoobserved in the heart it is the least in comparison to theliver and the lung. Cilnidipine, a dual L/N type calciumchannel blocker demonstrated beneficial antioxidantactions only in the heart supporting the cardioprotectiverole of cilnidipine
Clostridium difficile in Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhoea and Detection of Toxin Producing Strains in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Western Maharashtra.
(Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences University, 2019-01) Mane, Priyanka M.; Patil, Satish R.; Mane, Makarand B.; Karande, Geeta S.
Background: Rampant and injudicious use of broadspectrum antibiotic in hospitalized patients hasincreased the incidence of Clostridium difficileAssociated Diarrhea (CDAD). In recent years,Clostridium difficile Infection (CDI) has become morefrequent, severe, and difficult to treat. Aim andObjective: A prospective, study was conducted toisolate C. difficile in Antibiotic-associated Diarrhoea(AAD) and to detect toxin producing strains of C.difficile from faecal samples of patients suspected tohave CDI. Material and Methods: A total of 111hospitalized patients who developed diarrhoea after>72 hours of admission and suspected of CDI wereenrolled for investigation. The samples were subjectedto anaerobic culture and toxin assay. Results: The totalsample size of the study was 111 patients who werehaving antibiotic associated diarrhoea. Majority of thepatients were from the age group 21-30 years and 41-50 years i.e., 23 (20.7%). Males 64 (57.7%) wereaffected more as compared to females 47 (42.3%).Third generation cephalosporins were the mostcommon group of antibiotics associated with bothAAD 36 (32.4%) and CDAD 9 (42.85%) cases,followed by carbapenem fluroquinolones incombination 3 (12.5%). Culture positivity was seen in12 (10.81%) of the 111 stool samples and 39 (35.13%)were toxin producers. Conclusion: The use of severalmedications was found to be associated with anincreased risk of CDAD. The only way to reduce Cl.difficile infection is to judiciously use antibiotics,strictly adhere to antibiotic policy and to give primeimportance to strict infection control measures.
Amoebic Liver Abscess in Newly Detected HIV Infection
(Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences University, 2019-01) Patel, Hardik; Patil, Virendra C.; Kulkarni, Akshay; Bhoite, Amol
Amoebic Liver Abscess (ALA) is a most commonextraintestinal manifestation of amoebiasis which ismost commonly present with high grade fever withright upper quadrant abdominal pain. Here we present acase of 32 year male patient newly diagnosed as PeopleLiving with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) with ALA. Patientwas treated with Metronidazole (500 mg 8 hourly) andtherapeutic drainage.
Diffuse Pan Bronchiolitis Presenting with Bronchiectasis: A Case Report.
(Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences University, 2019-01) M.P, Swathi Karanth; Utpat, Ketaki; Desai, Unnati; Joshi, Jyotsna M.
Diffuse Pan Bronchiolitis (DPB) is a peculiar airwaydisease with its pathogenesis enrooted in a complexinterplay of various genetic and environmental factors.Airway inflammation, chronic airflow limitation andsuppuratives in pulmonary infections are the distinctivefeatures of this entity. It poses a close differential toother frequently encountered pulmonary conditionslike chronic bronchitis, emphysema, bronchiectasis andconstrictive bronchiolitis. Deferment in diagnosis canculminate in irreversible airway remodeling andprogressive respiratory failure. Hence a punctualrecognition is vital. Macrolide group of drugs are primemodality of therapy and the response to therapy isbenignant. We herein describe a case of DPB withdevelopment of sequelae owing to its delayeddetection
Moringa Regimen Corrects Nicotine-induced Deficits in Behaviour, Altered Energy Metabolism and Neurotransmitter Processing in Rat Brain
(Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences University, 2019-01) Gbadamosi, Ismail Temitayo; Omotoso, Gabriel Olaiya; Arogundade, Tolulope Timothy; Alabi, Ade Stephen; Balogun, Rukayat Bunmi; Yawson, Emmanuel Olusola
Background: Nicotine is the addictive component oftobacco smoking. It has been reported to have anegative neuromodulatory role in the CNS. Moringaoleifera is a medicinal plant with reported antioxidant,anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. Aim and Objectives: This studywas purposed to investigate the neuronal adaptationpotentials of Moringa Oleifera (MO) on nicotineinduced behavioural decline and perturbed bioenergetics. Material and Methods: Twenty-four adultmale Wistar rats were used. The treatment regimen wasas follows; control group received distilled water, MOgroup received 200 mg/kg of MO, Nicotine Groupreceived 1.38 mg/kg body weight of nicotine, andNicotine + MO group received combined treatment of200 mg/kg body weight of MO after 1.38 mg/kg bodyweight of nicotine for 28 days. The animals weresubjected to Morris water maze for spatial memory, Ymaze for working memory and elevated-plus mazetests for anxiety levels after which they were sacrificedfor spectrophotometric analysis of global proteinexpression, neural bioenergetics (lactate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase), andAcetylcholinesterase (AChE) levels. Results: Nicotineinfusion caused a reduction in the escape latencyperiod, increased the percentage incorrect alternation,and elevated the anxiety levels of rats. Theseobservations were indicative of decreased synapticactivity in the brain. Together with, nicotine inducedchromatolytic changes in cells of the frontal cortex andhippocampus. Co-administration with MO preventednicotine-associated memory decline, perturbedglucose bioenergetics, induced chromatolysis andhistomorphological distortion in the frontal cortex andhippocampus. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate thatMO administration enhances experience-dependentneuroplasticity and cognitive behaviour function inlaboratory animals, modulates energy metabolism andreduced oxidant stress possibly through enhancedproduction of key antioxidant enzymes against thedamaging effects of nicotine. It provided evidence thatMO can be further developed as a means to protect thebrain from oxidative stress-induced injury.
Apert Syndrome Presenting with Omphalocele
(Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences University, 2019-01) Swarnkar, Keerti; Gaikwad, Sarika; Uke, Punam; Vagha, Keta; Dalal, Yash
Apert syndrome is a congenital acrocephalosyndactylysyndrome. It is mainly presented by craniosynostosis,syndactyly of the hands and feet and dysmorphic facialfeatures. The condition has an autosomal dominantinheritance assigned to mutations in the FibroblastGrowth Factor Receptors (FGFR-2) gene. The reportedcase is a 9 months old boy with clinical suspicion ofApert syndrome as he had turricephaly, stubby handswith short fingers, omphalocele measuring 10 × 10 cm,bilateral undescended testes, Congenital TalipesEquinovarus (CTEV) and polydactyl and syndactyl ofgreat and second toes. He was developmentallynormal. The omphalocele was surgically repaired.Early diagnosis and intervention helps rehabilitation ofpatients with Apert syndrome and help them to lead abetter life.
Distribution of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance, Integrons and AdeABC Efflux Pump Genes in Nosocomial Isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii
(Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences University, 2019-01) Choori, Mahdi; Eftekhar, Fereshteh; Saniee, Parastoo
Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is anopportunistic pathogen associated with nosocomialinfections. Extensive use of quinolones has resulted inan increase of resistance in this organism worldwide.Aim and Objectives: To study the association betweenPMQR genes, integron carriage as well as the possiblerole of AdeABC efflux pump in ciprofloxacinresistance as well as multidrug resistance in clinicalisolates of A. baumannii. We studied the presence ofPlasmid-Mediated-Quinolone Resistance (PMQR);AdeABC efflux pump genes and integron carriage inIntensive Care Unit (ICU) isolates of A. baumannii.Material and Methods: Fifty six non-duplicate clinicalisolates of A. baumannii were obtained from twoth th hospital ICUs in Tehran from March 5 2014 to July 202015. Susceptibility to 10 antibiotics was determinedby disc diffusion. Presence of PMQR (aac(6')-Ib-cr,qnrA, qnrB, qnrC, qnrD and qnrS), adeABC efflux andclass I and II integron genes were detected byPolymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Results: Allisolates were Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) amongwhich, qnrB and aac(6')-Ib-cr were detected in 7.1%and 26.8% of the isolates, respectively. However, qnrA,qnrC, qnrD and qnrS were not observed. Presence ofadeA and adeB was observed in 100% and adeC in73.2% of the isolates. Overall, integron carriage wasobserved in (94.6%) of the isolates including qnrBpositive and 73.3% of the aac(6')-Ib-cr carryingisolates. Conclusion: Our results show that quinoloneresistance is not associated with PMQR genes. On theother hand, the AdeABC efflux pump is clearlyresponsible for MDR in our A. baumannii isolates including resistance to quinolones. No association wasfound between PMQR and integron carriage.
A Cross Sectional Study on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Subjects about Diabetes
(Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences University, 2019-01) Sivapriya, T.; John, Sheila
Background: Strategies to improve awareness aboutdiabetes and translation of preventive measures byinnovative programmes have to be implemented atnational levels to decrease the morbidity rate. Aim andObjectives: To study the baseline level of knowledge,attitude and practice among five hundred subjects withType 2 diabetes mellitus about diabetes mellitus.Material and Methods: Five hundred Type 2 diabetessubjects from five diabetes specialty clinics wereselected for Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP)survey. Based on their baseline blood parameters andtheir willingness to participate, data was elicited using achecklist to study their knowledge, attitude and practice.Results: Majority (66.8%) of the subjects in the studywere of normal weight. Only 3% of the subjects got aperfect score of 10 while among the remaining 97%subjects, the majority (80%) scored from 7 to 9. Therewas no significant difference in the mean scores of KAP,between the male and female subjects. There was asignificant difference between duration and knowledgeof diabetes at 5% level and a significant difference (pvalue = 0.004) in knowledge score when compared withattitude and practice score of the diabetes subjects.Conclusion:There is a need to strengthen the health caresystem to generate awareness, to enable early detection,and to provide standard and uniform care, andrehabilitation for people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus tomanage diabetes and delay the onset of complications
A Case of Sexual Abuse Presenting as Recurrent Vomiting
(Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences University, 2019-01) Joshi, Gurudutt; Deshpande, Ujjwala; Rangoonwala, Divya; Dholakiya, Darshan
History taking in medicine is an important step andintegral part towards reaching diagnosis. Sometimes,it becomes necessary to evaluate history in more detailand essentially, beyond usual steps in diagnosisparticularly, when medico-legal, psychological andbehavioral aspects are concerned, which becomes veryimportant to reach a final decision in diagnosis andhence in further management; this implies particularlyin case of adolescents presenting with recurrentdisorders. Sexual abuse can present as recurrent orchronic headaches, recurrent abdominal pain and sleepdisturbances.
High Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among Outpatients in a Tertiary Care Centre, Tamil Nadu, India.
(Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences University, 2019-01) Meenakshi, Sachdev; Devi, N. Prabhavathy; R, Devaki Vijayalakshmi; Prabhu, E.; Shanmugam, Rajendran Shankar
Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), aconstellation of specific cardiometabolic risk factorsincreases the risk of diabetes and cardiovasculardiseases. These risk factors can be largely reversedthrough lifestyle changes. To develop individualizedlifestyle therapeutic interventions among patientsattending non-communicable disease specialtydepartments, there is a need for identification of peoplewith high risk of developing MetS. Aim and Objectives:To determine the prevalence of MetS, it's associateddemographic and clinical characteristics amongpatients attending specialty Outpatient Department(OPD) in a tertiary care centre. Material and Methods:In this hospital-based cross-sectional study, randomlyselected adults (aged 20 years or more) attending thediabetology or cardiology OPD were included. Usingpretested interview tool, demographic details, height,weight and waist circumference were measured as perstandard guidelines. Blood pressure, fasting bloodsugar and fasting lipid profile were assessed. MetS wasclassified based on the modified Adult Treatment Panel(ATP-III) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF)criteria. Results: A total of 668 patients were includedand the mean age was 50.1 ± 9.7 years. Of the total,72.6% and 64.5% of patients had MetS. Patients aged60 years or more had 1.8 times [Adjusted PR 95% CI:1.05-3.16] higher prevalence of MetS compared to 20-30 years. Patients who were doing at least 30 minutes ofregular moderate physical activity had 17% lessoccurrence of MetS [Adj PR: 0.71-0.96] compared tothose who did less than 15 minutes of physical activity.Gender, literacy, type of diet and amount of visible fatintake were not significantly associated with MetS.Conclusion: MetS is highly prevalent among patientsattending diabetology and cardiology OPD. Acrossseveral subgroups, around two-thirds had MetS and lowhigh-density lipoprotein was the major contributingfactor for MetS.
Butea monosperma Reduces Haloperidol and Sulpiride Induced Hyperprolactinemia.
(Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences University, 2019-04) Tiwari, Prashant; Dubey, Sunil Kumar; Sahu, Pratap Kumar
Background: Prolonged administration of neurolepticdrugs cause disrupted D dopamine receptor which 2leads to increased prolactin level, causesgyanaecomastia. Presently, dopamine receptor agonistis the choice of treatment for hyperprolactinemia. Aimand Objectives: The study aims to determine the antihyperprolactinemic effect of methanolic extract ofButea monosperma (MEBM) against haloperidol(HPL) and sulpiride (SPD) induced hyperprolactinemiaand to correlate with its active constituents. Materialand Methods: To induce hyperprolactinemia HPL 5mg/kg for 16 continuous days and SPD 20 mg/kg for 28continuous days was administred. MEBM 200mg/kg/day and 400 mg/kg/day were administered for16 and 28 days respectively half an hour beforeadministration of HPL and SPD. The serum prolactin(PRL) level, dopamine (DA) level and antioxidantstatus in the rat brain, hematological parameters weremeasured and histological examination of the anteriorpituitary gland, adrenal gland and spleen were done. Inaddition, antioxidant enzymes like superoxidedismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were alsoestimated. Results: MEBM decreases serum PRL leveland increased DA level in brain significantly. Further,MEBM also restored SOD and CATstatus significantly.The inflammatory markers induced by HPL and SPDwere suppressed by MEBM. Discussion: Neuronal DAinhibition by neuroleptic drugs decreases the release ofDAwhich leads to hyperprolactinemia. MEBM (butrin)may activate DA neurones to ameliorate hyperprolactinaemia. The dopaminergic, anti-oxidant andanti-inflammatory effect of MEBM may be attributed toits anti-hyperprolactinemic effect. Conclusion: Buteamonosperma possesses anti-hyperprolactinemic effectwhich may be attributed to its marker constituent likeButrin.
Clinical Profile and Outcome of H1N1 Influenza Infection at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital.
(Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences University, 2019-04) Patil, Virendra C.; Patil, Harsha V.; Kulkarni, Akshay R.; Pandere, Kaustubh; Vishwanath, Ashwathi
Background: The 2009 flu outbreak in humans, knownas "swine influenza" or H1N1 influenza A, refers toinfluenza A due to a new H1N1 strain called SwineOrigin Influenza Virus A (S-OIV). Global pandemicswith high mortality and morbidity occur when avirulent new viral strain emerges. Aim and Objectives:To study demography, clinical profile and outcome ofH1N1 influenza infection at a tertiary care teachinghospital. Material and Methods: This was aprospective observational study conducted at theteaching hospital during six month period. It was a timest bound study over a period of six months (from 1 Julyth 2018 to 30 December 2018). All suspects with throatswab/nasal swab positive for influenza H1N1 virus byReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction(RT-PCR) with age more than 15 years were includedin the present study. Data were analysed for mean,percentage, standard deviation and Chi square test forquantitative data by using Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. Results: A total 60 patients were admitted withconfirmed diagnosis of H1N1 infection. Out of the 21(35%) were males and 39 (65%) were females,predominated by female gender (p=0.001). The meanage in male (46.14 ± 20.058) was relatively morecompared to female gender (36.33 ± 11.50). The malegender had more co-morbidities and risk factorscompared to female patients (p=0.01) and wasstatistically significant. Out of total 21 male patients 7patients died because of bilateral pneumonia and AcuteRespiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and MultiOrgan Dysfunction (MOD) with case fatality rate of33.33%. Out of total 39 female patients 5 patients diedwith case fatality rate of 12.82%. Conclusion: Thepresent study highlighted the disease burdenassociated with H1N1 infection. The advancing age,male gender, associated co-morbidities and delayedpresentation were the risk factors for mortality inpresent cohort study of H1N1 patients. The communityawareness, early case detection and timelymanagement can reduce the disease burden at large
Caesalpinia bonduc Linn Extracts Exhibit Hepatoprotective Effect on HepG2 Cells against Paracetamol by Up-regulating Glutathione Related Genes
(Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences University, 2019-04) Sumalatha, Suhani; Bhat, Kumar M. R; Kumar, Nitesh; Pai, K. Sreedhara Ranganath; Padma, Divya; Choudhary, Shilpee
Background: Caesalpinia bonduc (CB) is said to ownvarious pharmacological and therapeutic applicationagainst a number of diseases. It is used widely in folkmedicine to treat liver diseases. In the present study,we have made a sincere effort to evaluate thehepatoprotective activity of CB leaf extracts againstParacetamol (PCM) induced toxicity and theirmechanism of hepatoprotection in the humanHepatocarcinoma cells (HepG2 cells) therebyproviding scientific evidence for the same. Materialand Methods:The hepatoprotective activity of CB wasassessed in-vitro by the estimation of glutathione(GSH) and Malondialdehyde (MDA), anti-apoptoticassay/Annexin V and the expressions of genes such asGlutathione Reductase (GS-R) and GlutamateCysteine Ligase, Catalytic (GCLC). Results: Theobtained results suggest that the aqueous extract of CBpossess significant hepatoprotective activity. Thisactivity may be due to the possible antioxidantproperty and the free radical scavenging ability of theextracts, which might clear the toxic metabolites ofPCM. Conclusion: The present study suggests that theaqueous extract of CB have potential hepatoprotectiveactivity, which may prevent the lipid peroxidation ofthe cell membrane by its antioxidant properties.
To Evaluate the Indications of Caesarean Section among the Population of Karnataka: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study.
(Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences University, 2019-04) Biradar, Aruna; Sajjan, G.R.; Patil, Neelamma
Background: The incidence of Caesarean Section (CS)is increasing day by day among urban and ruralpopulation globally. Hence, a need of the study wasrequired to find out the incidence of CS amongpopulation in a backward district of Karnataka. Aimand Objectives: To evaluate the rising trends in CS ratein both primigravida and multigravida. Material andMethods: This cross-sectional study was carried outamong 513 patients (92.7% rural and 7.3% urban)admitted in labour ward at a tertiary referral centre,Vijayapura, Karnataka. The indications were analysedby standard procedures and the decision for CS wereunder taken by qualified professionals accordingly.Results: Total incidence of CS in the present study was200(38.98%) out of 513 patients admitted. Out of 200patients who underwent CS, were found to beprimigravida 83 (41.5%) and were multigravida 117(58.5%). The most common indication of CS in thisstudy was found to be the Foetal Distress (FD) (35.5%)followed by Cephalo-pelvic Disproportion (CPD)(21%) and others (43.5%). Study also shows 90% ofrural patients (n=180) and 10% of urban patients (n=20)had underwent CS (n=200). Interestingly it was noticedthat age group of 21-30 years had maximum number ofCS (74%). Conclusion: The results indicate the highincidence of CS among rural population of Vijayapura,Karnataka of which the common indication was FD,dystocia and failure to progress of labour. The increasedincidence of CS is in primigravida and primary CS inmultigravida in the perspective of various societal andmedico-legal issues.
Histopathological Degeneration of Spermatogenesis and Histomorphometric Alterations of the Testicular Microanatomy of Male Wistar Rats after Oral Lead Intoxication
(Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences University, 2019-04) Adetunji, Adebola O.; K, Obasi Kosisochukwu
Background: Lead is a heavy metal known to exertpathological effects on the male reproductive organs.Aim and Objectives: To study the degeneration ofspermatogenesis and histomorphometric alterations ofthe testicular microanatomy of male Wistar rats afteroral lead intoxication. Material and Methods: Eightymale Wistar rats were divided into four groups (1- 4)and further subdivided into 4 subgroups (A, B, C, andD) each containing five (n=5) rats depending on dosageand duration (3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks) of treatment. Group1 received 1 ml of distilled water daily. Group 2received 0.5% lead daily, Group 3 received 1.0% oflead daily and Group 4 received 1.5% of lead dailyrespectively. Testicular weights, histomorphometryand histological analysis using Toluidine Blue wereobserved. Results: It showed that significant reductions(P<0.05) in testicular weights in the treatment groupsadministered with lead for periods of 3-9 weeks ascompared to the control while a significant increase(P<0.05) was observed in the group administered for12 weeks. Histomorphometric analysis showedsignificant reductions (P<0.05) in Seminiferous tubulediameter, length of germinal epithelium and crosssectional in the treatment groups administered forperiods of 3-12 weeks while significant increase(P<0.05) in lumen diameter was observed in thetreatment groups compared to the control.Histopathological analysis revealed that Leadinfluenced the testicular cytoarchitecture by disruptingthe processes of spermatogenesis in the treatmentgroups as compared to control. Conclusion: The studyshowed that different dosages of lead over a period oftime had gonadotoxic effects and tendencies to altertesticular profiles by disrupting spermatogenesis.

Browse

Browsing Journal of Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences University by Issue Date

Results Per Page

Sort Options