Browsing by Author "Vijayakumar, C"

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    Anterior mediastinal teratoma presenting as cardiac tamponade.
    (2004-01-08) Oomman, Abraham; Santhosham, Rajan; Vijayakumar, C; Jayaraman, S; Ramachandran, P; Kumar, Satish
    Anterior mediastinal teratoma presenting clinically as cardiac tamponade is unusual. We report the case of a 58-year-old woman, with an unremarkable prior history, who was admitted with cardiac tamponade. Emergency pericardial aspiration showed a thick, yellow fluid. Computed tomography scan of the chest was suggestive of anterior mediastinal teratoma rupturing into the pericardium. Within 24 hours, just before the planned surgery could be performed, it re-ruptured, warranting emergency surgery. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of a teratoma. Early surgery is recommended for even asymptomatic benign mediastinal teratomas to avoid this potentially lethal complication of rupture into the pericardial cavity, and cardiac tamponade.
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    Effect of KATP channel openers on myogenic and neurogenic responses in goat urinary bladder.
    (2007-02-23) Vijayakumar, C; Kathirvel, K; Sardar, K K; Parija, S C
    Isolated goat detrusor muscle exhibited spontaneous contractility with an irregular amplitude and frequency. The spontaneity of detrusor muscle exhibited a mean amplitude as 11.99 +/- 0.83 mm and frequency as 1.37 +/- 0.16/min. KATP-channel openers namely, cromakalim or pinacidil (10(-7) - 10(-4) M) added cumulatively, elicited a concentration-related inhibition of both amplitude and rate of spontaneous contractions. The mean IC50 values for both amplitude and frequency for cromakalim were 3.3 x 10(-6) M and 2.9 x 10(-6) M, respectively; and for pinacidil were 2.0 x 10(-5) M and 1.5 x 10(-5) M, respectively. Glibenclamide, a KATP-channel blocker inhibited the cromakalim-induced concentration-related relaxation of spontaneous contractions with a significant increase in its mean IC50. ACh-induced concentration-related contractile response was inhibited in the presence of either cromakalim (10(-4) M) or pinacidil (10(-4) M). The mean EC50 value of ACh, in the presence of cromakalim (2.5 x 10(-3) M) was significantly increased as compared to the control (1.2 x 10(-6) M). In the presence of glibenclamide (10(-5) M) the inhibitory effect of cromakalim was significantly reduced with consequent decrease in the EC50 value (1.9 x 10(-5) M). Application of EFS (30 V and 5 ms) on goat urinary bladder strips at 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 30 Hz elicited frequency-related contractile responses. Both cromakalim and pinacidil caused a rightward shift in the frequency-related contractile response curve with significant increase in the mean EF25 and EF50 values, respectively. In the presence of glibenclamide (10(-4) M), the frequency-related inhibitory response curve was shifted to left with significant (P < 0.001) increase in the mean EF25, EF50 and EF75. The present results suggest that in the goat detrusor muscle, agonist and EFS-induced contractile responses were more potently inhibited by cromakalim than pinacidil with activation of glibenclamide sensitive KATP channels.
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    Surgical site infections in elective and emergency general surgery cases in a tertiary public hospital of South India: a retrospective study
    (Medip Academy, 2024-07) Reji, RG; Vijayakumar, C; Sreenath, GS
    Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are responsible for increased morbidity and mortality among post-operative patients worldwide. They also increase healthcare costs and prolong the duration of hospital stay. This study aims to determine the incidence of SSIs in elective and emergency general surgery and its association with various risk factors. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out using the case sheets of 200 patients who underwent general surgery in a tertiary public hospital of South India. The patients were selected from two cohorts- emergency and elective (100 from each). The data retrieved from the hospital抯 electronic medical records were analyzed using STATA version 14.0. Results: Of the 200 patients included in the study, 57% were men and the mean (range) age was 49.3 (18-88) years; 122 patients (61%) had contaminated wounds, 68 patients (34%) had a pre-existing comorbidity and the average duration of hospital stay was 6.98 days. The overall surgical site infection rate was 11%; 13% in emergency surgery and 9% in elective surgery. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 36% of the patients with surgical site infections. Conclusions: Emergency surgery reported a higher infection rate than elective surgery. Old age, pre-existing medical illnesses, wound contamination and prolonged hospital stay were also found to increase the risks for developing SSIs.