Browsing by Author "Shenoy, PA"

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    Can bugs be an alternative or adjuvant to drugs in schizophrenia?
    (Open Science Publishers LLP, 2024-01) Syed, M; Nayak, V; Shenoy, PA
    Schizophrenia (SPR) pathophysiology is complex and uncertain, with growing evidence highlighting the role of gut microbiota (GM) in its etiopathogenesis. Trillions of gut bacteria found to be influencing the brain by crossing the blood– brain barrier through various pathways. Gut dysbiosis in particular has been linked to SPR, which has opened up new avenues for the prevention and treatment of SPR by maintaining the gut bacterial diversity with the supplementation of living organisms in adequate proportions termed psychobiotics. In this paper, we reviewed the most shreds of evidence and concepts relating GM through the vagus nerve, neurotransmitters, and microbial by-products to various conceivable pathways leading to and ameliorating SPR. Both animal and human trials have been reviewed to discover the effects of probiotics in modulating endocrinal, inflammatory, immunochemical, and neuronal changes in modifying the physiological and psychopathological states of an individual, which assisted in identifying their physiological basis to improve mood and cognitive abilities and reduce anxiety in both healthy people and SPR patients. Currently, probiotic supplementation and fecal microbiota transplantation are the most recommended interventions. However, the present literature is scarce to conclude specific microbial species or probiotics that can benefit SPR through modification of the microbiota–gut–brain axis. Further evidence from the clinical trials is essential to discover novel gut microbial species that can maintain the diversity of the gut microbial population and benefit SPR disease.
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    Development of levofloxacin glycosylated mesoporous silica nanoparticles for urinary tract infections
    (Open Science Publishers LLP, 2024-12) Mukhopadhyay, S; Narayan, R; Gadag, S; Shenoy, PA; Garg, S; Ashwini, T; Nayak, UY.
    Nanoparticle drug delivery for infectious disease has paved the way for effective treatment; mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with versatile design options, tunable pore size, high surface area, and adequate pore volume have garnered widespread interest. The current study deals with the synthesis of MSNs loaded with levofloxacin (LVF), followed by glycosylation to enhance the uptake by bacterial cells. The MSNs were prepared by modifying Stober’s process. The amino-modified MSNs were glycosylated using D-Glucuronic acid by EDAC-NHS coupling chemistry. The LVF -loaded glycosylated MSNs (GLY-MSN) were characterized for various parameters and in vitro antimicrobial efficacy study. The surface functionalized MSNs had a particle size of 673.6 ± 60.81nm and were found to be spherical from the SEM images. The drug loading capacity for plain MSNs and GLY-MSN was found to be 10.41% ± 0.81% and 11.43% ± 0.93%, respectively. The LVF release from GLY-MSN was found to be 21.02% ± 3.38% whereas that from plain MSN was 7.50% ± 1.31% at the end of 48 hours. The minimum inhibitory concentration of LVF-GLY-MSN on Escherichia coli was found to be lesser than that for LVF and LVF-MSN. Hence, the synthesized GLY-MSN may be an effective drug delivery system for the treatment of drug-resistant bacterial infections.