Browsing by Author "Kaur, R."

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    Aspartame and the brain: a systematic review of neurological effects
    (Medip Academy, 2024-08) Kaur, R.; Das, R.; Tanwar, S.; Sajja, J.
    Artificial sweeteners like Aspartame are popular due to their low caloric value. They are used as a substitute for sugar, especially for individuals with diabetes and obesity. However, its effects on the neurological system have been debated. Studies suggest aspartame metabolism can lead to altered neurotransmitter synthesis. This review aims to gather literature on the neurotoxic effects of aspartame in humans, aiming to curb this problem. The review was conducted using PubMed, Europe PMC, Cochrane, and Google Scholar. The quality and risk of bias of the extracted studies were assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist, specifically designed for Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs). The systematic review of aspartame consumption was conducted using PRISMA guidelines and included 11 articles. The studies investigated the effects of aspartame consumption on behavior, cognition, and neurological function through RCTs of varying durations and across different age groups. Aspartame was the primary intervention in all studies, with some neuro biomarkers assessed mainly phenylalanine and tyrosine levels. While some studies reported negative impacts on the above-mentioned parameters others found no significant adverse effects. The review of studies on the effects of aspartame consumption on behavior, cognition, and neurological function reveals mixed results. Neurobiomarkers, specifically phenylalanine and tyrosine, were not consistently assessed across all investigations, making it difficult to establish a clear link between aspartame consumption and neurobiological changes. The studies reviewed provide valuable insights into aspartame effects but highlight complexity. Further research is needed to address limitations.
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    Biomedical Waste Management in Leh District
    (Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi- 221005, India., 2022-06) Rauf, T.; Goel, N.; Prashar, S.; Kaur, R.; Sharma, D.
    The aim of this study was to find out how Biomedical Waste (BMW) is disposed of in the Leh district and whether the healthcare facilities are following BMWM Rules 2016. A total of 19 health care facilities from Leh district were selected for this study. The data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire from June 2021-August 2021. After analysis, it was found that all the health care facilities are involved in the disposal of BMW inside their premises. There is no involvement of the municipality or CBMWTF in handling BMW in Leh district. All the healthcare facilities have adopted the BMWM Rules 2016 but only partially.
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    Effect Of Lovastatin Nano Drug Delivery System On Bone Mineral Density (BMD) And Biomechanical Properties Of Tibia Bones Of Wistar Rats
    (Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 2019-09) Kaur, R.; Ajitha, M.
    Objective: In the present study, transdermal nanoemulsion (NE) gel of lovastatin was investigated for its anti-osteoporosis effect on the long bones of rat i.e. tibia. Methods: Male wistar rats (n=30, weighing 180-200g) were taken for this study and grouped as: 1) control (normal saline daily), 2) Dex (dexamethasone sodium; 25 mg/kg subcutaneously twice a week), 3) Dex+LNG5 (lovastatin nanoemulsion gel; 5 mg/kg/d transdermally daily), 4) Dex+LNG10 (lovastatin nanoemulsion gel; 10 mg/kg/d transdermally daily), and 5) Dex+ALN (alendronate sodium; 0.03 mg/kg/d orally daily). All the treatments were carried out for 60 d. At the end of the experiment, all animals were anesthetized using diethyl ether and collected blood samples from retro-orbital venous plexus of rats in dry eppendorf tubes followed by the sacrifice of animals by cervical dislocation method and collected tibia bones of both the legs for analysis. Results: Bone formation biomarkers (OC: osteocalcin, b-ALP: bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, PINP: N-terminal propeptides of type I procollagen) were significantly improved and resorption biomarkers (CTx: C-terminal cross-linking telopeptides of type-I collagen, TRAcP5b: isoform 5b of tartarate resistant acid phosphatase) were significantly reduced in the LNG5 (p<0.05) and LNG10 (p<0.05) treatment groups when compared to Dex. In vivo anti-osteoporotic results demonstrated the formation of new bone in osteoporotic rat tibias. Biomechanical strength testing demonstrated increased load-bearing capacity of rat tibias in the treated animals in comparison with the osteoporotic group (p<0.05 for LNG5 and p<0.01 for LNG10). Conclusion: Thus, the transdermal NE gel formulation of lovastatin demonstrated the greater potential for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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    Incidence of hypertension and its risk factors: a systematic review
    (Medip Academy, 2024-03) Sekhon, C. K.; Kaur, R.; Airi, M.
    Hypertension is a persistent, metabolic condition indicated by elevated blood pressure levels. Since hypertension comes with no warning signs, mostly people are not aware of it. The aim of the study was to assess the change in the prevalence of hypertension among adults of Punjab and Haryana and to investigate its risk factors. Medline, Web of Science and Scopus databases from 2009 to 2023 were searched for ‘prevalence, burden, awareness, and control of blood pressure (BP) or hypertension (?140 SBP and or ?90 DBP) among Indian adults’ (?18 years). The incidence of hypertension varied from 32.4 to 88.2 percent in male subjects and 30 to 84.7 percent in female subjects. Hypertension was more prevalent among males of Punjab and Haryana. Whereas females were more hypertensive in different districts of Haryana. The considerable upward trend has been observed over the time, among males and females in both Punjab and Haryana, yet awareness and control rates are comparatively low. Various researchers have discovered that younger the age of beginning of hypertension, the higher the decline in life expectancy if raised blood pressure is not managed.
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    Risk factors and clinical profile in patients of acute kidney injury
    (Medip Academy, 2023-09) Kumar, A.; Kaur, R.; Bhatia, L.; Singh, A.; Bansal, R.
    Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an outcome of multiple etiologies and is mostly reversible. This hospital based cross-sectional observational study was aimed to study the risk factors and clinical profile in patients of AKI. Methods: Sixty AKI patients diagnosed by acute kidney injury network criteria as suggested by kidney disease improving global outcomes clinical practice guidelines were enrolled. Patients with preexisting chronic kidney disease were excluded. Relevant data was recorded and analyzed statistically. Data were compiled using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 17. Regression analysis was done for determining the association of various variables for mortality. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of patients was 52.63±15.58 years with male:female ratio of 2:1. 20% of cases had co-morbidities, the most common co-morbidity being diabetes mellitus with hypertension in 15% of cases. The most common presenting symptom was vomiting (63.3% of patients); sign was hypotension and tachycardia (46.7% each). sepsis was the most common cause of AKI affecting 38 (63.33%) cases. Majority of the cases were non oliguric 81.7%. Pre-renal variety was found in 41.7% patients in this area. Hence, this study suggested a scope for reducing morbidity and mortality associated with AKI if these preventable factors leading to Pre-Renal AKI and sepsis, being an important risk factor for AKI are controlled and prevented as far as possible. Conclusions: The study concluded that sepsis was the most common cause of AKI.