Browsing by Author "Ismail, A"
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Item Detection of dengue virus from field Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus adults and larvae.(1997-03-01) Ahmad, R; Ismail, A; Saat, Z; Lim, L HMosquito adults and larvae were collected from dengue high risk areas and transported to the laboratory for identification. Identified mosquitos were pooled according to the species, date and locality and stored at -70 degrees C. A total of 1,385 pools of Aedes albopictus and 267 pools of Ae. Aegypti were collected from major towns in 12 states in Peninsular Malaysia. Virus isolation was carried out using cell culture (C6/36 clone) of Ae. albopictus and detection of dengue virus by the peroxidase anti-peroxidase staining. All positive isolations were further re-confirmed by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Most of the pools were negative with PAP staining and RT-PCR. However, 11 mosquito pools were positive with PAP staining. On the other hand, samples from Terengganu, Pulau Pinang and Johor were positive using both methods.Item Dot enzyme immunosorbent assay for the serodiagnosis of typhoid fever.(1991-12-01) Ismail, A; Kader, Z S; Kok-Hai, OA nitrocellulose membrane strip dotted with a specific 50 kDa outer membrane protein of Salmonella typhi was applied for the serodiagnosis of typhoid fever. Using horseradish peroxidase conjugated IgM and IgG antibodies with 4-chloronaphthol as substrate, antibodies in typhoid patients were clearly visualised as bluish purple dots while sera from patients with non-typhoid fevers gave negative results. The detection of specific IgM and IgG antibodies in typhoid patients suggest either recent or current infection. Combined with the high specificity, reliability and rapidity of the test, the dot EIA technique provides a simple and useful method for the serodiagnosis of typhoid using a single serum specimen.Item Healing of Extracted Socket after Surgical Removal of Impacted Mandibular 3rd Molar: A Comparison of PRP VS PRP with Bone Graft(Society for Health Care & Research Development, 2018-09) Bokhari, K; Nada, A; Jawaher, A; Falah, H; Ismail, ABackground: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous concentration of human platelets in a small volume of plasma. Because it is a concentration of platelets, it is also a concentration of the 7 fundamental protein growth factors proved to be actively secreted by platelets to initiate all wound healing. PRP contributes to better healing of soft tissues and bone and is a visible means of growth factor delivery. Aims & Objectives: a) To compare osteo -inductive capacity following surgical removal of impacted mandibular 3rd molar teeth b) to compare the difference in osteoinduction between PRP vs PRP + Bone Graft, c) Establish the potential benefits of these biomaterials in the regeneration of post-extraction alveolar bone. Methods:This is a prospective, randomized clinical trial involving 15 patients (split arch – 30 impacted molar teeth) who visited KKUCOD (Alsamer campus) for surgical removal of symptomatic impactedmandibular third molars. The study was conducted following due clearance from ethical and research committee of the institution (SRC/ETH/2016-17/004). The inclusion criteria included: Female patients aged between 18 and 45, b) Impacted mandibular third molar with similar anatomical position, and similar difficulty index.c Patient informed consent to carry out the intervention and for inclusion in the study. d) No allergies to medicines, non –smokers, non-alcoholics, no drug allergy and patients not under oral contraceptives. Results: The results are compiled as tables for different groups with percentage of bone formation at the end of week 1,3, 6 and at the end of 3rd months. There is not much difference in osteoinduction with the addition of PRP alone when compared to control side. However, addition of graft with PRP definitely enhances osteoinduction and makes a significant contribution in neo bone regeneration Conclusion: 1. PRP contributes significantly to osteogenesis when mixed with bone graft. 2. Healing is better when extracted sockets are supplemented with PRP. 3. There is no incidence of allergic reaction with the use of allogeneic bone grafts.Item Nutrigenomics: Opportunities & challenges for public health nutrition(Indian Council of Medical Research, 2018-11) Reddy, V, S; Palika, R; Ismail, A; Pullakhandam, R; Reddy, G BThe hierarchical information flow through DNA-RNA-protein-metabolite collectively referred to as 'molecular fingerprint' defines both health and disease. Environment and food (quality and quantity) are the key factors known to affect the health of an individual. The fundamental concepts are that the transition from a healthy condition to a disease phenotype must occur by concurrent alterations in the genome expression or by differences in protein synthesis, function and metabolites. In other words, the dietary components directly or indirectly modulate the molecular fingerprint and understanding of which is dealt with nutrigenomics. Although the fundamental principles of nutrigenomics remain similar to that of traditional research, a collection of comprehensive targeted/untargeted data sets in the context of nutrition offers the unique advantage of understanding complex metabolic networks to provide a mechanistic understanding of data from epidemiological and intervention studies. In this review the challenges and opportunities of nutrigenomic tools in addressing the nutritional problems of public health importance are discussed. The application of nutrigenomic tools provided numerous leads on biomarkers of nutrient intake, undernutrition, metabolic syndrome and its complications. Importantly, nutrigenomic studies also led to the discovery of the association of multiple genetic polymorphisms in relation to the variability of micronutrient absorption and metabolism, providing a potential opportunity for further research toward setting personalized dietary recommendations for individuals and population subgroups.Item Retrospective review of dot enzyme immunoassay test for typhoid fever in an endemic area.(1995-12-01) Jackson, A A; Ismail, A; Ibrahim, T A; Kader, Z S; Nawi, N MTyphoid fever remains a common problem in Malaysia, but for its diagnosis both blood culture and the Widal test have drawbacks. A dot enzyme immunoassay (EIA) has been developed which detects IgM and IgG antibodies to a specific 50 kDa outer membrane protein on Salmonella typhi. This study was performed among outpatients attending the university hospital in Kelantan, a state on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia where typhoid is endemic. The dot EIA was done on 149 outpatients of all ages in whom typhoid was suspected. Of these, 60 were not analysable due to insufficient data. The other 89 were retrospectively classed as typhoid (total = 21), or not typhoid (total = 68). The criteria for diagnosis of typhoid was either, blood culture was positive, or with blood culture negative, temperature was at least 38 degrees C and Widal O and/or H titer greater than or equal to 1/160. We then compared the diagnosis with the EIA result. For the result where either IgM or IgG was positive, sensitivity was 90%, specificity 91% and negative predictive value 97%. For IgM positive, specificity was 100%. But the specificity of IgG positive alone was reduced by six false positives, which were probably due to persistence of IgG after acute infection. Other cases were found where IgG positive alone appeared in the first week of typhoid fever, probably due to rapid response in a second or subsequent infection. We also found that IgM-producing patients were significantly younger than those showing IgG alone positive.Item An update on diarrhoeal diseases in Malaysia.(1988-09-01) Ismail, AAnalysis of diarrhoeal disease patterns in Malaysia from 1981-1986 suggested that infectious hepatitis ranked as the most predominant diarrhoeal disease followed by typhoid, food poisoning, dysentery and cholera. Although these five major food and water-borne diseases are still endemic in this country, diarrhoeal diseases per se no longer become an important public health problem in Malaysia. Enforcement of the cholera control program brought the incidence of the disease to a minimal. Unfortunately, this fatal form of diarrhoeal disease caused the greatest mortality compared to the others. Seasonal influence also played a part in controlling the occurrence of the disease. There was a preponderance of diarrhoeal diseases during the rainy season implicating contaminated water as a source of transmission. Although greater than half of the population has been supplied with piped water and sanitary latrines, a lot more has to be done before diarrhoeal diseases could be eliminated from this country.